• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2006

The goal of this study was to find the way of reduction on food wastes in the university cafeteria. Four hundred and two students from three universities in Daejeon city were surveyed. The data were analyzed by SAS program. The results were summarized as followings: 24.95% of the total users use the university cafeteria everyday. Reasons for the utilization were listed as time saving 31.40%, near place 26.73%, low price 23.16% and no other place to eat 17.82%. Recommendations for the improvements of university cafeteria were listed as menu variation 38.26%, taste 37.83%, price decrease 10.43%. Female students left more food wastes than male students and most leaving food was side dish than Bab, Guk and Kimchi. The major reason of leaving foods was shown to be influenced by the taste and amount of foods supplied in university cafeteria. And they preferred kimchibock-kumbab to other kinds of bab. But they disliked Flounderjolim, pickled anchovies, Ggonchigui, Ginger, Burdock, Lotus root and Crown daisy. The perception of users on the reduction of food waste was 84.10% of total students. The students who know on the method of food wastes treatment were 58.26%. Improvement for reduction of food wastes of university cafeteria can be summarized to emphasize on taste, menu variation, adequate of serving size, also that should be conduct studies for systematic administration method and standard education for reduction of food waste.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1995

Autumn visitors to Chuwangsan National Park was more than summer's. About 89% of total visitors used main trail but approximately 35% visited to the Third Falls. The entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail as the trail condition surveyed at the total of 103 points were significantly greater on the more heavily-used trail. Trail conditons of rock-exposed, root-exposed, deepening points as the deterioration types of trail were significantly different from those of non-deteriorated points. According to the topographic position of trail, severe difference of dominant trees in the edge vegetation was found and Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhododendron yedoense and Fraxinus sieboldana were dominant in shrub layer of trail edge vegetation. The crown coverage, number of species and individuals of shrub layer in edge vegetation were generally higher than those in the other national parks with more heavily-used trail.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.272-287
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• 1999

Elementary schools students'degree of satisfaction on school food service and food preference were surveyed from 352 sixth-grade students in Kwangju and Chonnam area from June 22 to July 3 to enhance the quality of foodservice. The degree of satisfaction was high with cooked rice and soup in terms of temperature and serving state. There were significant differences in the degree of satisfaction depending upon the types of foodservice (p<0.001). There was significant differences in degree of satisfaction for side dishes depending upon the temperature (p<0.05), kinds (p<0.01) and amount (p<0.001). The degree of satisfaction with Kimchi was generally high in the serving state (p<0.05) and the amounts (p<0.01). The degree of satisfaction with desserts were high in the amount (p<0.001). The amount of leftover was high with soup, side dishes, kimchi, cooked rice, and desserts in order. The improvements made on children's behavior after the implementation of the school foodsevice were the adaptation to balanced diet and spending less money on sweets. The factors of influencing the school foodservice and the children's food intake were the education in school (teachers and dietitians) and the health status of their bodies (p<0.001). Children's favorite foods were sweet and sour pork, pork cutlets, oranges, watermelons, and strawberries in order. The least preferred foods were garlic seasoned with soy sauce, raw vegetables of broad bell-flowers, crown daisy greens, and steamed peppers. Children's favorite food types were fried food, desserts, one course meal, and bread. The least preferred types were pickled food, green and seasoned vegetables, cooked rice, and hard-boiled food in order. Generally, the children in the rural area favored most foods compared with those from urban area.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2003

This paper presents the effect of ground vibration induced by vibrohammer and RCD on adjancent subway tunnel performance using FDM program. Firstly, the stability criteria for structures near vibration source were proposed according to existing data, then peak particle velocity around tunnel was estimated based on detailed information of vibrohammer and existing formula for dynamic loads through numerical analysis. The peak particle velocity induced by RCD bit rotation was also estimated using surveyed data and formula. Consequently, displacement and stress responses were obtained at crown, shoulder and spring line and compared with the criteria to check stability of tunnel.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.248-261
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• 2009

Objective : This study was performed in order to figure out Oral Health Actual Condition in Elementary School Teachers in Deagu area. This study was conducted from March through May 2008. Method : A total of three hundred and ten Elementary School Teachers were surveyed. The collected data were analyzed by Oral Health Actual Condition and cognition, Diet habit or living and one's own intellect health state, Oral disease sign symptoms of percent and 2-test and One-way ANOVA test by using SPSS12.0 Program. Results : 1. The most of result Frequencies of tooth brushing per one day were 3 over 91.0% and Oral Examination, Oral Health Education need. 2. The result of oral disease sign and symptom were hypersensitivity due to cold food(39.0%), halitosis(21.6%), gingival bleeding tendency(21.3), clicking sound on TMJ(18.7%), hypersensitivity due to tooth burshing(17.1%), easy crown fracture and to be fine(10.0%), pain on TMJ or limitation of mouth opening(7.1%). 3. The most of result age a group oral hygiene assistance article age 20 for interdental tooth brushing(46.4%), age 50 over not used interdental tooth brushing 38.5%. 4. The result of sign and symptom and snack following was statistically significant(P<0.05), health of own cognition and Oral health of own cognition was statistically significant(P<0.001). Conclusion : The study of understanded the Subjective Elementary School Teachers Oral Health Actual Condition and Promotion of Oral Health follow up Oral examination and Oral Health Education have to system groping.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1-15
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• 2013

The present Namgang Dam had been completed in 2000, Salix subfragilis communities began to form in 2003 and their distribution area have been rapidly extended into nine times in 2010. In order to deduce correlation between water level and distribution of Salix subfragilis communities under this background in Namgang-dam reservoir, distribution characteristics and widening direction of Salix subfragilis communities have been analyzed by aerial photographs and water levels has been reviewed, also heights and ages of Salix subfragilis have been surveyed in field. The water levels of Namgang-dam related germination of Salix subfragilis have been analyzed in May and June from 2000 to 2010, mean water level, minimum water level and maximum water level were 37.87m, 36.99m and 38.82m, respectively. The oldest ages were 9-13 years, average diameters of breast height, average heights, average numbers and average crown area were respectively 3.9-8.8cm, 3.8-7.5m, $0.53/m^2$ and $0.98m^2/m^2$ in sites. Therefore, this results showed that the first recruitment of Salix subfragilis was in May 2002 when water levels have been maintained as 38.76-41.31m and the widening of Salix subfragilis communities was in May 2004 and 2005 when mean minimum water levels have been maintained as 38.76-41.31m. Salix subfragilis communities formed climax forest in Namgang-dam shore, this phenomena were different from the succession processes of Salix in rivers appeared landforming by deposition of sediment.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.445-451
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• 1998

A severe Phytophthora rot of strawberry caused by a species of Phytophthora has been widely occurred at major cultivation areas of Kimhae on August in 1997. Incidence of the disease was obtained in the range of 69.2~83.6% in surveyed 4 fields and showed an average of 75.2%. A species of Phytophthora was mostly isolated from the crown of infected strawberry plants and all the isolates were identified as P. nicotianae var. nicotianae (=P. parasitica). The fungus showed strong pathogenicity on strawberry by inoculation test. As a result of the leaf inoculation using mycelial disks of the fungus, both leaves and petioles were darkly browned, and were finally blighted. As a result of the root inoculation of zoospore suspension, both roots and crowns were rotten with dark brown. Although the fungus produced sporangia either on V-8 juice agar medium or liquid medium, the sporangia observed on the liquid medium appeared to be broadly turbinate and noncaducous. Moreover the fungus cultured on the liquid medium often produced sporangia having two papilla. The number of zoospores in sporangia was found to be ranged from 3 or 4 to as many as 20 or 25. In addition, the released zoospore from the sporangium became the cystospore during the prolonged culture of the fungus. The sporangia were measured as av. 49$\times$35 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ with l/b ratio of 1.43. All isolates from crowns were heterothallic and A1 mating type since oospores were abundantly formed on clarified V-8 juice agar by dual culture with P. capsici A2 mating type. Aplerotic oospores were sized 24-26 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Antheridia were always amphigynous and recoreded an average of 12$\times$10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Hyphal swlling were easily observed, and terminal or intercalary chlamydospores were abundantly formed on V-8 juice agar as well as in C/Z solution and sized av. 28.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. This is the first report of Phytophthora rot of strawberry in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2005

The occurrence of Fusarium wilt in strawberry fields in Korea was assessed from 2001 to 2003. Fusarium wilt was found from June to August in nursery beds, from September to October after planting in production beds, and from January to March during harvesting period. The symptoms were root rots, discolored vascular tissue in the crown and deformation and yellowing of central leaflets. The disease occurred in up to 30% of plants in 37 of 214 fields surveyed. Fusarium wilt occurred from cvs. ‘Dochiodome’, ‘Maehyang’, ‘Redpearl’, ‘Samaberry ’ and ‘Akihime’ and more severe from cvs. ‘Samaberry’, ‘Maehyang’ and ‘Dochiodome’. Infested soils had high salt concentrations, high nitrogen, phosphate concentrations and low pH. The results of pathogenicity test showed that Fo47 and Fo79 isolated from cvs. ‘Dochiodome’ and ‘Samaberry’ were strong pathogenic to all of four cultivars, and ‘Dochiodome’, ‘Redpearl’, ‘Maehyang’ were relatively susceptible to the all isolates.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.131-133
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• 2001

A destructive collar rot disease was found on broad bean (Vicia faba) in several farmer's field located in Changseon-myon, Namhae-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do in 2001. The typical symptoms of the disease were stem rot, crown rot, wilt or blight. Upper parts of the infected stems were mostly blighted and white mycelial mats were spread over lesions and the sclerotia were formed on the stems near soil line. The infection rates of the disease in the surveyed area were ranged from 28.6 to 42.8%. The sclerotia of the fungus readily formed in artificial media such as PDA at $30^{\circ}C$ and its shape was globoid or irregular and size was $1.0{\sim}3.7{\times}1.0{\sim}2.8\;mm\;(av.\;1.0{\sim}2.3\;mm)$ and was brown or dark brown in color. The optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was about $30^{\circ}C$. The typical clamp connections were found in the hypha of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report on the collar rot of broad bean caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Korea.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2019

Purpose: This provides basic data for improving educational effectiveness by selecting and applying basic vocational competency applicable to dental technology's sub-major curricula by determining and researching dental technicians' awareness levels concerning the basic vocational competency's importance. Methods: 170 dental technicians working in Daegu, Korea were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire between 9 January 2018 and 23 February 2018. Results: 1. The highest level of the basic vocational competency elements by the awareness levels of importance in dental technology laboratories was shown in the occupational ethics, followed by technological skills, interpersonal skills, self-development levels, problem-solving skills, information skills, resource management skills and skills for understanding groups, communication skills, and mathematical skills. 2. Female dental technicians put relatively higher importance on writing documents and managing time, while males stressing on basic statistics. 3. Dental laboratory CEOs and managers put high values on resource management skills, while head technicians valuing information skills more. 4. The awareness levels concerning the basic vocational competency importance in some dental technology fields did not match those of the dental technology laboratories in the fields of porcelain, crown and bridge, and orthodontics. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that the awareness levels concerning basic vocational competency's importance in some fields of dental technology differ from those of dental technology laboratories. Developing a basic vocational competency curriculum, it seems necessary to find ways to increase educational effectiveness by selecting and applying the basic vocational competency for the respective fields of dental technology.