• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to consider the socio-economic development and policy in each five-year economic development plan influences of urban households and to seek a plan of household stability and reasonable consumption expenditure on the aspect of Family economics. Data is based on the "Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure survey" of the National Bureau of Statistic Economic Planning Board, Republic of Korea and analyzed as follows: First, in analysis to the structure of consumption expenditure, the averaged percentage of each item to total consumption expenditure is estimated by each Economics Development Plan year. Second, in order to analyze the relative importance value of household consumption expenditure, priority correlation order is derived from comparison of characteristics of household consumption expenditures by multiple regression analysis. Third the patterns of consumption expenditure of salary and wage earner's households in all cities are estimated by the household consumption function, marginal propensity to consume, and income elasticity, according to socio-economic variable, and demographic variable. In the recent Korean economy, income level of household is increased and consumption expenditure level is largely increased because of the execution of economic development plan. But the improvement of income derives the increasment of the consumption needs and over-consumption trend is spread due to the import liberization. And above all, the reasonable household management and economic life are needed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

Current research intended to measure the spillovers of education and on-the-job training to enhance sustainable economic development. Consideration of research and development expenditures for on-the-job training expands the impact of education and, thus, may provide spillovers for Pakistan's economic growth. The primary focus of this research is to look at the combined impact of education and research and development spending as value-added variables for sustainable growth. The econometric study uses data from a variety of sources, including the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the Pakistan Economic Survey, and world development indices. The secondary annual time series data from 1976 to 2019 are analyzed. To adequately estimate the empirical model, ARDL has been used while the presence of the unit root has been tested using the ADF test. The findings show that education, research, and development all contribute to all-inclusive, sustainable economic growth. Labor and capital, among other traditional components, continue to be the backbone of the development process. Still, the spillover effect is much enhanced with the expansion in education and the on-job training in the form of research and development expenditures. Consequently, the introduction of research and development in education will lead to a sustainable and inclusive economy.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.60-74
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• 2024

Due to the relative lack of concerns and research on organizational career development in startups, we study aimed to reveal the impact of shared leadership in startups on organizational career development through organizational commitment. The research method was an online survey targeting 200 startup members from April 11 to April 28, 2023, and a total of 195 copies were used in the final analysis. As a result of the study, first, among the shared leadership of startups, development and mentoring were found to have a positive impact on emotional commitment. Second, among the shared leadership of startups, planning and organizing, support and empathy were found to have a positive impact on continuous commitment. Third, planning and organizing, support and empathy had a positive impact on normative commitment. Third, among startups' shared leadership, planning and organizing, support and empthy had a positive impact on normative commitment. Fourth, emotional and continuous commitment were found to have a positive impact on improving career goals in organizational career growth. Fifth, emotional and continuous and normative commitment were each found to have a positive influence on the development of professional abilities in organizational career development. Lastly, emotional, continuous and normative commitment were all found to have a positive influence on the speed of promotion in organizational career growth. As a result, it is expected that the results of this study will be able to suggest shared leadership policy directions and goals for startups.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2018

Although the 1997 Raw Data of the National Wealth Statistical Survey (South Korea) is timely 20-year-old data, it is meaningful as a benchmarking in the capital stock estimations of Korea, which is estimated by PIM (permanent inventory method). In the case of machinery/equipment, it is the data that can analyze in depth the changes in the industrial structure of Korea. In the case of ASL (average service life) which has economic concept, since the change of ASL is not so large, ASL yielded by the Raw Data of the 1997 National Wealth Statistical Survey is meaningful as reference value for the ASL estimated by the Bank of Korea and the National Statistical Office. As you know Japan has changed its service life due to changes in its industrial structure. However, many of its assets are still used for the years indicated in Showa (before 1989). The same trend with other countries such as Japan. However, the United States is constantly devoted to assessing the useful ASL and value of assets by distinguishing between the Hulten-Wykoff models and those not. Korea has also benchmarked the useful ASL of the United States and Japan when it conducted its own survey every 10 years by due diligence until 1997. In this study, the 'constraint' Iowa curve estimation by the Raw Data of the 1997 National Wealth Statistical Survey is based on the age records of the assets and the maximum age of the assets appropriately derived. And then we made modified Iowa curve by smoothing. From this modified one, we suggested ASL by asset. After 1997, the vintage disposal data directly were collected by the National Statistical Office with Oh Hyun Seung, Cho Jin Hyung, in order to estimate the useful ASL. Since then, the B/S team of the Economic and Statistics Bureau of the Bank of Korea has been working on a new concept of content training.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 신진 고급연구인력의 취업 및 활용 실태를 파악하기 위해 과학재단 인턴연구원 수혜자를 중심으로 지질학을 포함한 지구과학분야의 우리나라 석${\cdot}박사 학위자의 진로추적조사를 수행하였다. 지구환경과학분야의 석${\cdot}박사 학위자로서 과학재단 인턴연구원 수혜자의 미취업율은 32.0%로 조사되었으며, 대학원 진학을 제외한 대학 연구소 산업체로의 정규직 및 임시직 등의 취업은 37.2%에 지나지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 미국은 국가 인구국 주관으로 미국내 2001년도 박사학위자 진로추적조사를 실시하였으며, 그 결과에 따르면 지구과학 분야 박사학위자 대부분은 취업상태에 있으며, 단지 1.3%만이 미취업상태에서 취업을 희망하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 우리나라도 과학재단 또는 관련 학회가 상세한 석${\cdot}박사 학위자 진로조사를 수행하여 지구과학을 비롯한 이공계 신규 석박사 학위자 취업실태를 좀더 자세하게 파악하여야 할 것이며, 이 조사결과는 관계 당국의 지구과학분야의 석 박사 학위자를 위한 고용기회 동향의 파악 및 예측에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2014

ICT환경에서 통계청이 조사하여 발표한 2012년 가계금융. 복지조사에 따르면 우리나라 전체가구중 금융자산은 24.9%, 부동산은 이보다 약 3배나 많은 69.9%로 조사되었다. 문제는 정보화가 더디고, 소득분위(1~4분위)가 낮은 가구가 상대적으로 높은 비율(78.8%~69%)의 부동산자산을 보유함으로써 세계경제의 불확실성 확대와 저성장과 저소비, 정보화로 인한 재택근무 증가 등과 같은 경제구조의 변화로 부동산 가격하락 리스크에 그대로 노출되어 있어 하우스푸어와 랜트푸어와 같은 현상은 저소득층에게 더 심각한 현상이 될 수밖에 없다. 이에 상관관계가 낮은 복합자산으로 포트폴리오를 구성함으로써 개별자산 위험의 가중평균보다 전체수익은 높이면서 위험은 감소시킬 수 있다는 포트폴리오 원리에 기초하여 지역과 유형별로 상이한 ICT환경에서 부동산가격지수로 구성된 포트폴리오에 상관관계가 낮은 금융자산을 포함시킴으로써 복합자산 포트폴리오의 분산효과를 안정형과 성장형으로 나눠 실증 분석하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.353-356
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• 2005

In Taiwan, there are more the one hundred GPS tracking stations maintained by Ministry of the Interior (MOI), Academia Sinica, Central Weather Bureau and Central Geological Survey. In the further, they may be instead of the GPS controlling points after giving the lawful status. In other words, the engineers don't need to survey on the reference points when they are surveying in the field. They only need to download the GPS data via internet and process the observations in their company. The precise coordinates of the unknown points will be obtained. Therefore, the data qualities of the tracking stations are more and more important. In this study, six data quality indexes were adopted as follows: observations, cycle slips, multipath on L1, multipath on L2, clock offset and frequency stability. Besides, the relationships of the indexes and the positioning precision were found. The frequency stability of GPS receiver is the most important index, the cycle slip is the second index and the mutlipath is the third index. According to the results, the auto-analytical system of GPS data quality was established and the tracking stations were monitored. When the receiver got some problem or the station's environment changed, we hope to find and resolve the problems earlier to make sure the high data quality of the tracking stations. Moreover, we try to design a data quality verification to help users and let the engineers have more and more confidence when they use the data of GPS tracking stations.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2010

통행비용함수(VDF)는 교통량 수준에 따른 링크 통행시간을 산출하기 위한 것으로 교통수요 예측의 신뢰도에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 요소이다. 고속도로의 VDF는 1997년 한국도로공사에 의해 구축 제공된 바 있으나, 기타 도로는 미국 공로국(BPR)에서 제시한 기본 값을 그대로 국내에 적용함에 따라 교통수요 예측의 신뢰도를 저하시키는 요인으로 지적되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 VDF의 문제점 및 개선방향을 검토하고 이를 보완하기 위해 교통조사자료에 근거한 VDF를 구축하는데 주목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 도로위계의 재분류, 교통조사방법, VDF 추정 방법론, 그리고 새로운 VDF의 검증을 통한 개선사항 등을 주요 내용으로 다루고 있다. 새로운 VDF를 전국 지역간 O/D 및 교통분석용 네트워크에 적용한 결과, 적정 오차율 범위 내에 해당하는 링크의 비율이 증가하며, 기종점간 통행시간 및 통행경로 선택이 현실적으로 개선되는 것으로 분석된다. 향후 단속류 구간의 VDF 구축, 도로용량 및 자유통행속도 등에 대한 추후 연구가 요구된다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.65-65
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• 2011

Early-type galaxies represent the end point of galaxy evolution and, despite pervasive residual star formation, are generally considered "red and dead", that is composed exclusively of old stars with no star formation. Here, their molecular gas content is constrained and discussed in relation to their evolution, supporting the continuing importance of minor mergers and/or cold gas accretion. First, as part of the Atlas3D survey, the first complete, large, volume-limited survey of CO in normal early-type galaxies is presented. At least of 23% of local early-types possess a substantial amount of molecular gas, the necessary ingredient for star formation, independent of mass and environment but dependent on the specific stellar angular momentum. Second, using CO synthesis imaging, the extent of the molecular gas is constrained and a variety of morphologies is revealed. The kinematics of the molecular gas and stars are often misaligned, implying an external gas origin in over a third of all systems, more than half in the field, while external gas accretion must be shot down in clusters. Third, many objects appear to be in the process of forming regular kpc-size decoupled disks, and a star formation sequence can be sketched by piecing together multi-wavelength information on the molecular gas, current star formation, and young stars. Fourth, early-type galaxies do not seem to systematically obey all our usual prejudices regarding star formation (e.g. Schmidt-Kennicutt law, far infrared-radio continuum correlation), suggesting a greater diversity in star formation processes than observed in disk galaxies and the possibility of "morphological quenching". Lastly, a first step toward constraining the physical properties of the molecular gas is taken, by modeling the line ratios of density- and opacity-sensitive molecules in a few objects. Taken together, these observations argue for the continuing importance of (minor) mergers and cold gas accretion in local early-types, and they provide a much greater understanding of the gas cycle in the galaxies harbouring most of the stellar mass. In the future, better dust masses and dust-to-gas mass ratios from Herschel should allow to place entirely independent constraints on the gas supply, while spatially-resolved high-density molecular gas tracers observed with ALMA will probe the interstellar medium and star formation laws locally in a regime entirely different from that normally probed in spiral galaxies.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.299-319
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• 2016

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) is important for providing fundamental data for basic forest planning and the establishment of forest policies for the purpose of implementing sustainable forest management. The purpose of this study is to present the development of Korea's NFI including legal basis, sampling design, and measured variables and to review the usage of NFI data. The survey methods and forestry statistics among the Unites States, Canada, Japan, China, and European countries were briefly compared. Total 140 publications utilizing NFI data between 2008 and 2015 were categorized with 15 subjects. Korea has conducted the NFI 6 times since 1971, but only the $6^{th}$ NFI is comparable with the fifth, the previous NFI, because the permanent sampling plots have been shared between the periods. The Korean Forestry Statistics contains only half as many variables as that of advanced countries in Forestry. More researches were needed to improve consistent measurement of diverse variables through implementation of advanced technologies. Additional data for Forest Health Monitoring since the NFI $6^{th}$ must be under quality control which will be an essential part of the inventories for providing the chronological change of forest health.