• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2005

In the microsurgical era, replantation with microvascular anastomosis is considered as the most superior method in aspects of texture, color, shape in case of nose amputation. There are some reported cases of replantation in nose amputation historically, but most of them are composite graft cases rather than microvascular anastomosis. Only a few cases of successful nasal replantation with microvascular anastomosis have been reported due to the reason that the size of vessels is usually very small and identifying suitable vessels for anastomosis is difficult. Microanastomosis of artery and microanastomosis of vein are ideal in replantation, but identifying suitable veins is often difficult. Without venous anastomosis, resolving the venous congestion remains to be a problem. We can carry out arteriovenous shunt if we can find two arteries in amputee. However, the smaller the size of amputee is, the more difficult it is to find two arteries. Instead of arteriovenous shunt, we can try external venous drainage(frequently swab, pin-prick, stab incision, IV or local heparin injection, dropping, apply of heparin-soaked gauze, use of medical leech). Here, we present three cases of replantation with microscopical arterial anastomosis (one angular artery, two dorsal nasal arteries) and external venous drainage (stab incision, application of medical leech and heparin-soaked gauze) even though the size of amputee may be as small as $1.5{\times}1.0cm$. In all cases, surgical outcomes were excellent in cosmetic and functional aspects. This report describes successful replantation by microvasular anastomosis in case that suitable veins are not found.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.280-284
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• 2003

양방향 상행대정맥-폐동맥 단락술 후 폰탄 수술의 위험이 큰 2명의 환자에서 청색증의 증가와 운동 능력의 감소를 보여 액와동정맥루 형성술을 시행하였다. 수술 후 두 환자 모두 수술 후 1일째 일반 병실로 전원되었으며, 수술 후 각각 4일, 3일에 퇴원하였다. 두 증례 모두 수술 후 volume loading의 소견은 없었고, 8개월째 추적 관찰 중이며 청색증의 감소와 운동 능력의 향상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러나 수술 후 6개월째 시행한 폐관류스캔이나 contrast심초음파 검사에서 폐동정맥루가 아직 충분히 경감되지 않아, 향후 이에 대한 면밀한 추적 관찰이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 1986

Sixty-nine patients with various types of cyanotic congenital heart disease underwent systemic-pulmonary artery shunts with a microporous polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] prosthesis between 1979 and 1985. Their ages ranged from 2 months to 39 years [mean$\pm$SD: 5.2$\pm$7.4, median: 3.3 years]. Diagnosis included the following: Tetralogy of Fallot, 45: Double outlet right or left ventricle, 11: Single ventricle, .5: Transposition of great vessels, 4: Tricuspid atresia, 3 and Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, 1. Forty-eight patients had subclavian-pulmonary artery anastomosis, 12 patients aorta-right pulmonary artery anastomosis, 6 patients aorta-main pulmonary artery anastomosis, and 3 patients descending aorta-pulmonary artery anastomosis. The PTEE graft of 3 mm in diameter was used in 1, 4 mm in 29, 5 mm in 35 and 6 mm in 4 patients. Ten patients were died within 30 days after operation [mortality rate: 14.5%]. Among them, 6 patients were operated in urgency due to cardiac arrest or severe anoxic spell after cardiac catheterization, and so surgical mortality of elective operation is 9.5%. The 59 survivors showed improvement of the arterial oxygen saturation [65.4% - 9.8%] and hemoglobin [18.8 gm/dl - 16.0 gm/dl] values [V<0.01]. The follow up period ranged from 1 month to 67 months, [752 patient-months] and during this periods there were 4 late shunt failures after 3 months postoperatively with 4 mm graft, and 2 with 5 mm graft. The over-all patency rate of 4 mm PTFE was 85.9$\pm$9.2% [SEM] in 12 months and 40.9$\pm$22.5% in 24 months. The over-all patency rate of 5 mm PTFE was 87.5$\pm$9.6% in 12 months and 58.3$\pm$24.6% in 36 months. The lowest systolic pressure in death group was 64.9$\pm$15.0 mmHg and in survival group, 86.4$\pm$12.1 mmHg [P<0.001]. We think that the PTFE graft is useful in palliative shunt operation, but the effectiveness of the 4 mm PTFE graft may be limited. The blood pressure also may play an important role in patency of Prosthesis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2016

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with selective shunting is the surgical method currently used to treat patients with carotid artery disease. We evaluated the incidence of major postoperative complications in patients who underwent CEA with selective shunting under transcranial Doppler (TCD) at our institution. Methods: The records of 45 patients who underwent CEA with TCD-based selective shunting under general anesthesia from November 2009 to June 2015 were reviewed. The risk factors for postoperative complications were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Preoperative atrial fibrillation was observed in three patients. Plaque ulceration was detected in 10 patients (22.2%) by preoperative computed tomography imaging. High-level stenosis was observed in 16 patients (35.5%), and 18 patients had contralateral stenosis. Twenty patients (44.4%) required shunt placement due to reduced TCD flow or a poor temporal window. The 30-day mortality rate was 2.2%. No cases of major stroke were observed in the 30 days after surgery, but four cases of minor stroke were noted. Univariate analysis showed that preoperative atrial fibrillation (odds ratio [OR], 40; p=0.018) and ex-smoker status (OR, 17.5; p=0.021) were statistically significant risk factors for a minor stroke in the 30-day postoperative period. Analogously, multivariate analysis also found that atrial fibrillation (p<0.001) and ex-smoker status (p=0.002) were significant risk factors for a minor stroke in the 30-day postoperative period. No variables were identified as risk factors for 30-day major stroke or death. No wound complications were found, although one (2.2%) of the patients suffered from a hypoglossal nerve injury. Conclusion: TCD-based CEA is a safe and reliable method to treat patients with carotid artery disease. Preoperative atrial fibrillation and ex-smoker status were found to increase the postoperative risk of a small embolism leading to a minor neurologic deficit.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2010

목 적 : 본 연구에서는 좌우 단락에 의한 심한 폐동맥 고혈압으로 수술 가능 여부가 불확실했던 환자들의 수술 후 중기 임상 경과를 보고하고자 한다. 방 법 : 1995년 이후 삼성서울병원에서 좌우 단락에 의한 폐동맥 고혈압으로 심도자술 후 수술 받은 환자들 중, 만 1세 이후, 폐혈관 저항 8 Wood unit 이상이었던 21명의 환자를 대상으로 이들의 수술 전후 및 추적 기간 중 임상 증상, 폐동맥 압력 변화를 후향적으로 검토하였다. 대상 환자의 수술 당시 평균 연령은 26 (1-58)세였다. 진단은 심방 중격 결손(n=11), 심실 중격 결손(n=4), 심실 중격 결손과 동맥관 개존(n=4), 그리고 동맥관개존(n=2)이었다. 수술 여부는 폐혈관 가역성에 기초하여 결정하였으며, 5명에서는 좌우 단락을 완전히 막았고, 16명의 환자는 작은 좌우 단락을 남겨 놓는 형태의 수술을 시행 받았다. 결 과 : 수술 직후 폐동맥에 삽입한 도관이나 심초음파로 추정한 폐동맥 압력은 모든 환자에서 수술 전보다 감소되었다. 또한 이러한 수술 직후의 폐동맥 압력은 수술 전 결손의 일시적 폐쇄 당시의 폐동맥 압력과 유사한 값을 보였다. 두 명의 환자를 제외한 대부분 환자에서 추적 기간 동안 폐동맥 압력이 감소추세를 유지하였다. 임상증상은 NYHA functional class 기준으로 한 명의 환자를 제외하고는 모두 호전을 보였다. 수술 직후뿐만 아니라 추적 관찰 기간 동안에도 사망이나, 수술과 관련된 특별한 합병증은 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 좌우 단락에 의한 심한 폐동맥 고혈압 환자들을 폐동맥 고혈압 가역성에 근거하여 수술하였고, 큰 위험 없이 심장 수술이 가능하였다. 폐동맥 확장제 흡입에 반응을 보이지 않았던 환자들에서 결손의 일시적 폐쇄 상태에서는 반응을 보인 경우가 많았고, 이는 수술 직후 폐동맥 압력과 유사하여 유용한 정보를 얻을 수 있었다. 대부분의 환자에서 폐동맥 압력이 감소하고 임상 양상의 호전을 보였으나, 다시 증가하거나 정상까지 감소하지 않을 수 있으므로 세심한 관찰과 장기적인 추적이 필요하다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.473-479
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• 2007

배경: 엡스타인 기형의 Hetzer 술기를 이용한 교정은 기술적 용이함과 심방화된 우심실의 기능적 우심실로의 편입 등의 장점이 있다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2006년 12월까지 엡스타인 기형으로 수술받은 19명 중 Hetzer 술기를 이용한 삼첨판 성형술을 받은 11명에 대한 자료를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 수술 당시 나이의 중간값은 19.8세(6개월${\sim}$65세)였고, 남녀 비율은 4 : 7이었다. 모든 환자에서 수술 전에 중증의 삼첨판폐쇄부전의 소견을 보였고, 95% 미만의 동맥혈 산소 불포화도 (arterial desaturation)는 3명에서 관찰되었다. Carpentier type A 기형을 가진 6명의 환자에서 Original Hetzer 술기가 시행되었으며, Carpentier type B 및 C 기형을 가진 5명에서는 변형 Hetzer 술기를 이용하여 우심실 원위부로 전위된 중격엽 부위에서 삼첨판막의 기능이 복구되었다. 보조적인 양 방향성 상대정맥-폐동맥 단락술(bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt)은 모든 환자에서 시행되었다. 중간 추적 관찰 기간은 8.6개월($0.8{\sim}51.9$개월)이었고 조기 사망이나 만기 사망은 없었다. 8명의 환자에서 수술 후 1주일만에 시행한 심초음파상 삼첨판 폐쇄부전이 거의 없거나 경증 정도 관찰되었다. 흉부방사선상 심흉비의 중간값은 수술 전 및 수술 후 0, 1, 6개월에 각각 65%, 62%, 55% 그리고 55%였다. 결론: 엡스타인 기형의 Hetzer 술기를 이용한 치료는 기술적으로 용이하며 만족할 만한 중기 추적관찰 결과를 보였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.532-535
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• 1999

배경: 하행 흉부 대동맥류에 대한 외과적 치료에 대하여 수술 방법과 술 후 합병증 등에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 인제대학교 의과대학 서울백병원 흉부외과학 교실에서는 1987 년 3 월부터 1997년 8월까지 하행 흉부 대동맥류로 수술을 시행한 22예를 대상으로 후향적 조사를 하였다. 결과: 환자는 남자가 18예 여자 4예로 남자가 많았으며 연령은 33세에서 82 세 이었고 평균은 49 세였다. 대동맥류의 원인은 대동맥 박리증 13, 죽상경화증 3, 진균성 3, 외상성 2, 원인불명 1예였다. 수술은 절제 및 이식편 치환술 16, 액와동맥-양측 대퇴동맥 우회로 이식술 2, 대퇴동맥-대퇴정맥 우회로 이식술 1, 동맥류 공치술(exclusion) 1, 동맥류 봉합술 1, 경대퇴동맥 스텐트 삽입술 1예였다. 수술 시 대동맥을 차단하고 수술한 예는 16예였고, 이 중 14예는 대퇴동맥-대퇴정맥 바이패스를 실시하였고, 2예는 우회로 이식술을 먼저 하였다. 평균 대동맥 차단시간은 91분이었고 체외순환 시간은 116 분이었다. 사망 예는 1예로 공치술 한 환자가 술 후 52일에 갑작스런 출혈로 사망하였고, 대마비 1, 급성 신부전증 2, 급성 호흡부전증 1예가 발생하였다. 결론: 하행 흉부 대동맥류 수술은 많은 술 후 합병증이 예상되나 적절한 환자의 선택과 섬세하고 다양한 수술 기법을 사용하면 비교적 적은 합병율로 수술할 수 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.243-249
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• 1980

Truncus ateriosus is one of the cyanotic congenital heart disease. The incidence is relatively uncommon, as 0.4% of totoal congenital heart disease. Embryologically the defect is due to a lack of partitioning of the embryonic truncus and conus during the first few weeks of fetal life. The ventricular septal defect is invariable present. A single arterial vessel arises from the heart and supplies blood to the aorta, the lung, and the coronary arteries. In 1949, collett and Edwards classified this defect according to anatomic variation to four major types, such as type I, II, III, and IV. Type IV is defined that pulmonary arteries are absent, and the pulmonary arterial supply arises from the descending thoracic aorta. This patients often have a continuous murmur head particularly well in the interscapular area. No effective surgical treatment is available. We have experienced one case of truncus arteriosus, type IV of Collett and Edwards in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungbook National University Hospital. This patient was 10 year-old girl. The chief complaints were cyanosis and dyspnea on exertion since birth. She was admitted at this hospital on April 16, 1980. The continous machinery murmur was heard loudest at the interscapular area. The chest X-ray films revealed cardiomegaly with an increase in pulmonaryvascular markings. The pulmonary secotr was significantly concave. No filling of pulmonary arteries noticed by the right ventriculogram. There was possible biventricular hypertrophy in EKG. The echocardiogram showed that the demension of the aortic root was larger than normal and minimal increase of the left ventricular internal dimension. The cardiac catheterization data was obtained by use of the great saphenus vein approach. The systolic pressure of the right ventricular outflow tract was 80 mmHg and was similar to that of the aorta. The oxygen saturation data revealed the evidence of the left to right shunt at the level of ventricular septum. The patient was operated and the diagnosis was confirmed as trucus arteriosus, type IV. No effective surgical interventins were performed.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2019

Purpose: Cranioplasty (CP) is often required for survival after decompressive craniectomy. Several materials, including autologous bone and various artificial materials, have been introduced for CP, but it remains unclear which material is best for CP. This study aimed to explore differences in complications between patients who underwent CP using an autologous bone flap versus a three-dimensional (3D) titanium mesh and to identify significant risk factors for post-CP complications. Methods: In total, 44 patients were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups (autologous bone vs. 3D titanium mesh). In both groups, various post-CP complications were evaluated. Through a comparative analysis, we aimed to identify differences in complications between the two groups and, using binary logistic analysis, to determine significant factors associated with complications after CP. Results: In the autologous bone flap group, there were three cases of surgical infection (3/24, 12.5%) and 11 cases of bone flap resorption (BFR) (11/24, 45.83%). In the 3D titanium mesh group, there was only one case of surgical infection (1/20, 5%) and 11 cases of various complications, including mainly cosmetic issues (11/20, 55%). A subgroup risk factor analysis of CP with an autologous bone flap showed no risk factors that predicted BFR with statistical significance, although a marginal association was found between larger bone flaps and BFR (odds ratio [OR]=1.037, p=0.090). In patients treated with a 3D titanium mesh, multivariate analysis revealed that only the existence of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt system was strongly associated with overall post-CP complications (OR=18.66, p=0.021). Conclusions: Depending on which material was used, different complications could occur, and the rate of complications was relatively high in both groups. Hence, the material selected for CP should be selected based on individual patients' conditions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2006

Objective : The authors present eight cases of immediate post-operative epidural hematomas[EDHs] adjacent to the craniotomy site, describe clinical details of them, and discuss their pathogenesis. Methods : Medical records of eight cases were retrospectively reviewed and their clinical data, operation records, and radiological findings analyzed. Any risk factors of the EDHs were searched. Results : In 5 of 8 cases, adjacent EDHs developed after craniotomies for the surgical removal of brain tumors. Three cases of adjacent EDHs developed after a pterional approach and neck clipping of a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and a craniotomy for a post-traumatic EDH, respectively. In all eight cases, brain computed tomography[CT] scans checked immediately or a few hours after the surgery, revealed large EDHs adjacent to the previous craniotomy site, but there was no EDH beneath the previous craniotomy flap. After emergent surgical removal of the EDHs, 7 cases demonstrated good clinical outcomes, with one case yielding a poor result. Conclusion : Rapid drainage of a large volume of cerebrospinal fluid or intra-operative severe brain collapse may separate the dura from the calvarium and cause postoperative EDH adjacent to the previous craniotomy site. A high-pressure suction drain left in the epidural space may contribute to the pathogenesis. After the craniotomy for brain tumors or intracranial aneurysms, when remarkable brain collapse occurs, an immediate postoperative brain CT is mandatory to detect and adequately manage such unexpected events as adjacent EDHs.