• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3961-3965
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• 2012

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of concurrent radiochemotherapy with those of radiotherapy in treating locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Stage III~IVa). Methods: A total of 95 patients suffering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Stage III~IVa) were divided into two groups: concurrent radiochemotherapy (Group CCRT, n=49) and radiotherapy (Group RT, n=46). The two groups were both delivered conventional fractionated radiotherapy, while Group CCRT also received three cycles of PF (DDP+5-Fu) or PLF (DDP+5-Fu+CF) chemotherapy. Results: The complete remission rate and total remission rate of Group CCRT were higher than those of Group RT ($X^2$=4.72~7.19, P<0.05). The one-year overall survival (OS) rate calculated by the life table method, was also higher than that of Group RT ($X^2$=4.24, P<0.05) as well as the 3-year OS rate, nasopharyngeal control rate and cervical lymph nodes' control rate ($X^2$=4.28~4.40, P<0.05). In addition, the 5-year OS and metastasis-free rates of Group CCRT were higher than those of Group RT and the differences were of statistical importance ($X^2$=3.96~8.26, P<0.05). However, acute toxicity was also obviously higher, the difference in gastrointestinal reactions being statistically significant ($X^2$=11.70, P<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that concurrent radiochemotherapy could improve the remission rate, overall survival rate and locally control rate. The toxicity of concurrent radiochemotherapy could be tolerated by the patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2018

Purpose: To explore the feasibility of maximum diameter as a response assessment method for vestibular schwannomas (VS) after stereotactic radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (RT), we analyzed the concordance of RT responses between maximum diameters and volumetric measurements. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients receiving curative stereotactic radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic RT for VS were analyzed retrospectively. Twelve patients were excluded: 4 did not receive follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and 8 had initial MRI scans with a slice thickness >3 mm. The maximum diameter, tumor volume (TV), and enhanced tumor volume (ETV) were measured in each MRI study. The percent change after RT was evaluated according to the measurement methods and their concordances were calculated with the Pearson correlation. The response classifications were determined by the assessment modalities, and their agreement was analyzed with Cohen kappa statistics. Results: Median follow-up was 31.0 months (range, 3.5 to 86.5 months), and 90 follow-up MRI studies were analyzed. The percent change of maximum diameter correlated strongly with TV and ETV (r(p) = 0.85, 0.63, p = 0.000, respectively). Concordance of responses between the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) using the maximum diameters and either TV or ETV were moderate (kappa = 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.85) or fair (kappa = 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.59), respectively. Conclusions: The percent changes in maximum diameter and the responses in RECIST were significantly concordant with those in the volumetric measurements. Therefore, the maximum diameters can be used for the response evaluation of VS following stereotactic RT.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.208-216
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) for preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), by comparing with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). Materials and Methods: Patients who were treated with PCRT for LARC from 2015 January to 2016 December were retrospectively enrolled. Total doses of 45 Gy to 50.4 Gy with 3D-CRT or SIB-IMRT were administered concomitantly with 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin or capecitabine. Surgery was performed 8 weeks after PCRT. Between PCRT and surgery, one cycle of additional chemotherapy was administered. Pathologic tumor responses were compared between SIB-IMRT and 3D-CRT groups. Acute gastrointestinal, genitourinary, hematologic, and skin toxicities were compared between the two groups based on the RTOG toxicity criteria. Results: SIB-IMRT was used in 53 patients, and 3D-CRT in 41 patients. After PCRT, no significant differences were noted in tumor responses, pathologic complete response (9% vs. 7%; p = 1.000), pathologic tumor regression Grade 3 or higher (85% vs. 71%; p = 0.096), and R0 resection (87% vs. 85%; p = 0.843). Grade 2 genitourinary toxicities were significantly lesser in the SIB-IMRT group (8% vs. 24%; p = 0.023), but gastrointestinal toxicities were not different across the two groups. Conclusion: SIB-IMRT showed lower GU toxicity and similar tumor responses when compared with 3D-CRT in PCRT for LARC.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2020

Purpose: Colorectal cancer is becoming an increasing concern in the middle-aged population of Iran. This study aimed to compare the preliminary results of short-course and long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy treatment for rectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial we recruited patients with rectal adenocarcinoma located from 5 cm to 15 cm above the anal verge. Patients in group I (short-course) received three-dimensional conformational radiotherapy with a dose of 25 Gy/5 fractions in 1 week plus concurrent XELOX regimen (capecitabine 625 mg/㎡ from day 1-5 twice daily and oxaliplatin 50 mg/㎡ on day 1 once daily). Patients in group II (long-course) received a total dose of 50-50.4 Gy/25-28 fractions for 5 to 5.5 weeks plus capecitabine 825 mg/㎡ twice daily. Both groups underwent consolidation chemotherapy followed by delayed surgery at least 8 weeks after radiotherapy completion. The pathological response was assessed with tumor regression grade. Results: In this preliminary report on complications and pathological response, 66 patients were randomized into two study groups. Mean duration of radiotherapy in the group II (long-course) was 5 ± 1 days (range, 5 to 8 days) and 38 ± 6 days (range, 30 to 58 days). The median follow-up was 18 months. Pathological complete response was achieved in 32.3% and 23.1% of patients in the shortcourse and long-course groups, respectively (p = 0.558). Overall, acute grade 3 or higher treatment-related toxicities occurred in 24.2% and 22.2% of patients in group I and II, respectively (p = 0.551). No acute grade 4 or 5 adverse events were observed in either group except one grade 4 hematologic toxicity that was seen in group II. Within one month of surgery, no significant difference was seen regarding grade ≥3 postoperative complications (p = 0.333). Conclusion: For patients with rectal cancer located at least 5 cm above the anal verge, short-course radiotherapy with concurrent and consolidation chemotherapy and delayed surgery is not different in terms of acute toxicity, postoperative morbidity, complete resection, and pathological response compared to long-course chemoradiotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7843-7847
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• 2014

Background: Although breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant diseases in women, the majority of the studies describing the characteristics of BC in elderly patients have been limited to survival assessments or tumor features, without using younger BC patients as a reference group. The aim of our study was to describe and compare tumor characteristics and management patterns in elderly versus younger breast cancer patients in Turkey. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 152 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery in our institution between 2002 and 2012. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to age at the time of diagnosis. Results: There were 62 patients in the elderly group (${\geq}65$ years) and 90 patients in the younger group (<65 years). Compared to the younger group, tumors in the elderly group were more likely to be larger (p=0.018), of lower grade (p=0.005), and hormone receptor-positive (p>0.001). There were no significant differences regarding histology, localization, lymph node involvement, or types of surgical procedures between the 2 groups. Comorbidities were more common in elderly patients (p<0.001). In addition, elderly patients were more likely to receive hormonal therapy (p<0.001) and less likely to receive radiotherapy (p=0.08) and chemotherapy (p=0.003). There was no difference in survival and locoregional recurrence rates between the groups. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that breast cancer in elderly patients has more favorable tumor features, warranting less aggressive treatment regimens after surgery.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4125-4128
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• 2012

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) must be managed with a team involving pathologists, radiologists, surgeons, radiation therapists and medical oncologists. Treatment modalities and demographic charasteristics of Turkish STS were analysed in the current study. Material-Methods: Primary adult STS followed between 1999-2010 in Cukurova University Medical Faculty Department of Medical Oncology were analzied retrospectively Results: Of the total of 498 patients, 238 were male and 260 female. The most seen adult sarcomas were leomyosarcoma (23%). Localization of disease was upper extremity (8.8%), lower extremity (24.7%), head-neck 8.2%, thoracic 8%, retroperitoneal 5.6%, uterine 12.4%, abdominal 10%, pelvic region 3.6 and other regions 10%. Some 13.1% were early stage, 10.2% locally advanced, 8.2% metastatic and 12.2% recurrent disease. Patients were treated with neoadjuvant/adjuvant (12%) or palliative chemotherapy (7.2%) and 11.4% patients did not receive chemotherapy. Surgery was performed as radical or conservative. The most preferred regimen was MAID combination chemotherapy in the rate of 17.6%. The most common metastatic site was lung (18.1%). The overall survival was 45 months (95%CI 30-59), 36 months in men and 55 months in women, with no statistically significant difference (p=0.5). The survival rates were not different between the group of adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy (respectively 28 versus 18 months) (p=0.06), but radical surgery at 37 months was better than 22 months for conservative surgery (p=0.0001). No differences were evident for localization (p=0.152). Locally advanced group had higher overall survival rates (72 months) than other stages (p=0.0001). Conclusion: STS can be treated successfully with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The survival rates of Turkish people were higher in locally advanced group; these results show the importance of multimodality treatment approach and radical surgery.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1996

목적 : 절제가능한 직장암에서 보조요법으로써 sandwich technique 방사선치료를 시행한후 이들의 결과를 다양한 변수에 따라 수술후방사선치료와 비교 분석하여 봄으로써 sandwich technique 방사선치료의 상대적인 장점을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1989년 1월부터 1994년 5월까지 인제대학교부속 백병원에서 직장암으로 진단받은 환자로서 sandwich technique(수술전과 수술후의 방사선치료)의 방사선치료를 받은 20명 명과 근치적 절제술후 수술후방사선치료를 받은 31명을 대상으로 임상분석을 시행하였다. 방사선 치료는 4MV Linear Accelerator를 이용하여 원발병소 및 국소임파절을 포함하는 부위에 4조사야로 치료하였다. Sandwich technique 방사선치료는 국소적으로 진전된 병기로 진단된 경우 수술전에 매일 300cGy/fx씩 총 1500cGy를 조사하고 즉시 수술을 시행하였다. 이들중 수술후 병리조직검사소견상 Modified Astler-Coller변기 B2, B3, C로 진단된 경우 수술후방사선치료를 매일 180cGy/fx씩 총 2500-4500cGy 조사하였다. 수술후방사선치료를 받은 군은 병기 B2, B3, C의 환자들로서 수술후 약 4-6주경에 매일 180cGy/fx씩 총 4500-6120 cGy를 조사하였다. 보조 항암요법은 5-FU +Mitomycin+Leucovorin, 5-FU+Leucovorin, 경구용 5-FU단독요법으로 1-12회가 시행되었는데 sandwich technique군에서 15/20명($75\%$), 수술후방사선치료군에서 26/31명($84\%$)이 시행되었다. 총 추적관찰기간은 10-73개월로 중앙값은 25개월이었다. 결과 : Sandwich technique군과 수술후방사선치료군에서 시행된 수술방법을 살펴보면 복부회음절제술이 각각 $30\%$(6/20)과 $68\%$(2/31), 전방절제술이 각각 $70\%$(14/20)과 $32\%$(10/31)에서 시행되었다. 5년 생존율은 sandwich technique군과 수술후방사선치료군에서 각각 $60\%$와 $71\%$(p>0.05)였고 5년 무병생존율은 두군 모두 $63\%$로 동일하였다. 치료실패양상을 보면 sandwich technique군은 국소실패율 $11\%$(2/20), 원격전이율 $11\%$(2/20)였고 수술후방사선치료군은 국소실패을 $7\%$(2/31), 원격전이율 $20\%$(6/31)였다. 수술후 합병증은 sandwich technique군에서만 3예가 발생하였는데 수술후 2일째 패혈증 및 수술접합부위의 누수 1예, 수술상처의 누루 1예, 수술 부위의 누수 1예였다. 방사선치료의 급성 부작용은 RTOG/EORTC등급 I-II의 위장관 합병증이 양쪽 군에서 $52\%$와 $55\%$로 유사하였고 요도계의 합병증은 sandwich technique으로 치료한 환자에서만 $15\%$(3/20)관찰되었다. 만성 합병증은 소장관 폐쇄로 수술이 필요했던 경우가 양쪽 군에서 각각 2명씩이었고 sandwich technique군에서 출혈성 방광염 1예, 항문협착 1예가 발생하였다. 예후인자들(연령, 성별, 종양의 위치, 절제술의 종류, 병기, 약물치료 유무)중 복부회 음절제술이 생존율 향상과 관련되었고(p<0.05) 병기 B, C에서 5년 무병생존율이 각각 $90\%$, $50\%$로 통계적인 의미는 없었으나 차이를 보여주었다. 결론 : 절제 가능한 직장암에서 sandwich technique 방사선치료가 다른 형태의 방사선치료와 유사한 국소실패율과 원격전이율을 보여주면서 통계적으로 의미는 없었지만 원격전이율의 감소를 관찰할 수 있었다($11\%$ versus $20\%$). 또한 심각한 합병증 발생빈도도 증가하지 않았다. 따라서 향후 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 오랜 기간의 추적관찰을 시행한다면 원격전이율 및 생존율에 미치는 sandwich technique 치료의 의미있는 결과를 얻을 수 있으리라 생각한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2002

목적 : 항문암의 치료에 있어 고전적으로는 복회음부절제술이 주된 치료였으나 현재는 화학방사선병용요법이 주된 치료방법으로 정립되었다. 저자들은 서울대학교병원에서 항문암으로 치료 받은 환자의 임상적 특성을 조사하고, 치료방법에 따른 치료성적과 예후인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1979년 8월부터 1990년 7월까지 서울대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 근치적 또는 수술 후 방사선 치료를 받은 42명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 표피양암종이 38명으로 방사선치료가 4명에서, 복회음부절제술 및 수술 후 방사선치료${\pm}$화학요법이 19명에서, 화학방사선요법이 15명에서 시행되었다. 화학방사선요법은 복합화학요법$(5-FU\;1,000\;mg/m^2\;D1\~5,\;cisplatin\;60\;mg/m^2\;D1)$을 3회 시행 후 원발병소 및 영역림프절에 50.4 Gy를 조사하였고, 양측 서혜림프절에도 동일양을 조사하였다. 잔존암이 있는 경우 복합화학요법을 3회 추가 실시하였다. 중앙추적기간은 85개월이었다. 결과 : 전체 항문암 환자의 5년 생존율은 $80.3\%$이었다. 치료방법에 따른 5년 생존율은 복회음부절제술 및 수술 후 방사선치료${\pm}$화학요법군, 화학방사선요법군에서 각각 $88.9\%,\;79.4\%$이었으며 두군간의 생존율의 차이의 통계적인 의미는 없었다(p=0.495). 화학방사선요법을 시행 받은 환자군에서의 항문보존율은 $86.7\%$였다. 예후인자 중 단변량분석에서는 연령(p=0.0164)과 수행능력(p=0.0007)이 유의성을 보였으며, 다변량분석에서는 연령(p=0.0426)과 수행능력(p=0.0068) 및 서혜림프절 전이여부(p=0.0093)가 통계학적으로 유의하였다. 결론 : 항문암의 치료에 있어서 화학방사선요법을 시행할 경우 기존에 알려진 바와 같이 복회음부절제술과 유사한 생존율을 보이며, 항문기능을 보존할 수 있는 치료 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다. 나아가 병행화학요법이 아닌 선행화학요법을 시행하여 수반되는 합병증을 줄일 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

목적: 뇌 성상세포종 환자에서 수술 후 외부 방사선치료의 효과를 평가하고 최적의 방사선 치료 방법 및 예후 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1989년 10월부터 2006년 9월까지 본원에서 수술 후 방사선치료를 받은 69명의 뇌 성상세포종 환자를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 환자 나이의 중앙값은 36세이었다. 41명은 40세 이하이었으며 28명은 41세 이상이었다. 14명의 환자는 조직 검사만을 시행하였고 55명의 환자는 아절제술을 시행하였다. 카르노프스키 수행 점수는 39명은 80%미만 이었고 30명은 80%이상 이었다. 2명의 환자는 뇌전체를 조사받은 후 축소 조사야로 치료받았고 67명의 환자는 적당한 여유를 두고 부분조사를 시행하였다. 대부분의 환자는 5,000 내지 5,500 cGy를 조사받았다. 결과: 전체 환자의 5년 및 7년 생존율은 40% 및 45%이었다. 5년 및 7년의 무병 생존율은 각각 45%와 40%이었다. 아절제술을 시행 받은 환자에서 조직검사만을 시행 받은 환자보다 보다 나은 생존율을 나타내었다. 아절제술을 시행 받은 환자와 조직 검사만을 시행 받은 환자의 5년 생존율은 각각 57% 및 38%이었다. 40세 이하 41명의 환자에서 41세 이상 28명의 환자보다 높은 5년 생존율을 보였다(56% vs 40%). 그러나 카르노프스키 수행 점수 80% 이상 환자와 80% 이하 환자의 5년 생존율은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다(51% vs 47%). 비록 환자 한 명이 방사선 치료 중 치료를 중단 하였으나 유의한 방사선 치료에 의한 합병증은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 뇌 성상세포종의 수술 후 외부 방사선 치료는 안전하고 효과적인 치료요법이었다. 수술의 정도 및 나이가 유의한 예후 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 성상세포종 환자의 장기 생존율을 높이기 위한 보다 효과적인 치료법이 향후 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6781-6785
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• 2014

Purpose: This study used receiver operating characteristic curves to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) medulloblastoma (MB) and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) outcome data. The aim of this study was to identify and optimize predictive outcome models. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed from 1973 to 2009 were selected for analysis of socio-economic, staging and treatment factors available in the SEER database for MB and PNET. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a generalized linear model to predict the outcome (brain cancer specific death, yes/no). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. A Monte Carlo algorithm was used to estimate the modeling errors. Results: There were 3,702 patients included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 73.7 (86.2) months. Some 40% of the patients were female and the mean (S.D.) age was 16.5 (16.6) years. There were more adult MB/PNET patients listed from SEER data than pediatric and young adult patients. Only 12% of patients were staged. The SEER staging has the highest ROC (S.D.) area of 0.55 (0.05) among the factors tested. We simplified the 3-layered risk levels (local, regional, distant) to a simpler non-metastatic (I and II) versus metastatic (III) model. The ROC area (S.D.) of the 2-tiered model was 0.57 (0.04). Conclusions: ROC analysis optimized the most predictive SEER staging model. The high under staging rate may have prevented patients from selecting definitive radiotherapy after surgery.