• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.220-224
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• 2014

자동차 타이어의 트레드는 노면과 직접적으로 접촉하며 제동력, 구동력, 소음 등 중요한 역할을 한다. 트레드는 많은 그루브로 이루어져 있는데 고무의 형상을 형성하는 가류 공정에서 불량이 발생하게 되면 트레드의 기능이 저하되어 자동차 성능의 문제로 이어지게 된다. 본 논문은 CAE 해석을 통하여 가류 공정 중 구체적인 고무의 흐름을 분석하였다. 트레드 형상에 따라 고무 흐름의 편차가 발생하기 때문에 형상에 따른 트레드의 고무가 금형에 접촉되는 순서와 속도 그리고 고무의 흐름을 관찰하였다. 트레드의 형상에 따라서 고무가 금형에 안착되는 양상이 다르게 나타났으며 고무의 흐름에 큰 변화를 주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

대규모 육지수문모형(Land Surface Model, LSM)에서 종합적인 육지 물흐름 및 에너지흐름의 예측을 위해 새로운 지표면-지표하 연계 물흐름 모형이 지표하 물흐름 모의를 위한 3차원 체적평균 토양수분 이송방정식(Volume Averaged Soil-moisture Transpor, VAST)을 지표수 흐름모의를 위한 1차원 확산방정식과 연계하여 개발되었다. 각 흐름특성에 맞는 복합적인 수치해석법이 적용되어, 시간분할 방법에 의해 3차원 VAST 방정식의 종방향 흐름이 완전음해법에 의해 해석된 후, 횡방향 흐름이 양해법으로 구해지며, 그 후에 1차원 확산방정식은 MacCormack 유한차분법으로 계산한다. 이 새로운 흐름연계모형은 최신의 육지수문모형인 CLM(Common Land Model)내의 기존 1차원 수리수문계산부분을 대체하게 된다. CLM과 결합된 새로운 연계흐름모형은 오하이오 계곡부근의 시험유역에 적용되었으며, 모의결과는 지표면-지표하 물흐름 상호작용의 모의와 지표수 흐름추적방법을 사용한 새로운 모형의 유출예측이 실측치에 더 근접함을 보여준다. 이 개선된 육지수문모형은 지역적, 대륙적, 그리고 지구전체를 다루는 수문기상연구와 기후변화로 인한 재해예방을 위하여 기상모형인 CWRF(Climate extension of the next-generation Weather Research and Forecasting)와 연계될 예정이다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2003

The atmospheric pressure plasma is regarded as an effective method for surface treatments because it can reduce the period of process and doesn't need expensive vacuum apparatus. The performance of non-transferred plasma torches is significantly depended on jet flow characteristics out of the nozzle. In order to produce the high performance of a torch, the maximum discharge velocity near an annular gap in the torch should be maintained. Also, the compulsory swirl is being produced to gain the shape that can concentrate the plasma at the center of gas flow. In this work, the distribution of gas flow that goes out to atmosphere through a plenum chamber and nozzle is analyzed to evaluate the performance of atmospheric pressure plasma torch which can present the optimum design of the torch. Numerical analysis is carried out with various angles of an inlet flow velocity. Especially, three-dimensional model of the torch is investigated to estimate swirl effect. We also investigate the stabilization of plasma distribution. For analyzing the swirl in the plenum chamber and the flow distribution, FVM (finite volume method) and SIMPLE algorithm are used for solving the governing equations. The standard k-model is used for simulating the turbulence.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1999-2004
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• 2004

Experiments were conducted to investigate the flow characteristics of water through rectangular PDMS microchannels with a hydraulic diameter ranging from 66.67 to 200 ${\mu}m$. In the experiments, the flow rate and pressure drop across the microchannels were measured at steady states. The experimental results were compared with the predictions from the conventional laminar flow theory. A significant difference between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions was found. Experimental results indicate that the pressure gradient and flow friction in microchannels are higher than those from the conventional laminar flow theory. This may be attributed to the fact that there exists effect of surface roughness of the microchannels. In this study, a surface roughness model is implemented to interpret the experimental data. A good agreement between the experimental data and the numerical predictions with a surface roughness model were found.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.279-298
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• 2001

The greatest suction on the cladding of flat roof low-rise buildings is known to occur beneath the conical vortices that form along the roof edges for cornering winds. In a companion paper, a model of the vortex flow mechanism has been developed which can be used to connect the surface pressure beneath the vortex to adjacent flow conditions. The flow model is experimentally validated in this paper using simultaneous velocity and surface pressure measurement on a 1 : 50 model of the Texas Tech University experimental building in a wind tunnel simulated atmospheric boundary layer. Flow visualization gives further insight into the nature of peak suction events. The flow model is shown to account for the increase in suction towards the roof corner as well as the presence of the highest suction at wind angles of $60^{\circ}$. It includes a parameter describing vortex suction strength, which is shown to be related to the nature of the reattachment, and also suggests how different components of upstream turbulence could influence the surface pressure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.1045-1052
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• 2009

A calculation model is developed to predict the transient free surface flow on the containment floor following a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) of pressurized water reactors (PWR) for the use of debris transport evaluation. The model solves the two-dimensional Shallow Water Equation (SWE) using a finite volume method (FVM) with unstructured triangular meshes. The numerical scheme is based on a fully explicit predictor-corrector method to achieve a fast-running capability and numerical accuracy. The Harten-Lax-van Leer (HLL) scheme is used to reserve a shock-capturing capability in determining the convective flux term at the cell interface where the dry-to-wet changing proceeds. An experiment simulating a sudden break of a water reservoir with L-shape open channel is calculated for validation of the present model. It is shown that the present model agrees well with the experiment data, thus it can be justified for the free surface flow with accuracy. From the calculation of flow field over the simplified containment floor of APR1400, the important phenomena of free surface flow including propagations and interactions of waves generated by local water level distribution and reflection with a solid wall are found and the transient flow rates entering the Holdup Volume Tank (HVT) are obtained within a practical computational resource.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2016

To evaluate lubrication properties by surface roughness under boundary and mixed lubrication, a new approach is suggested by both asperity flow and contact with stochastic characteristics. Many researchers already have studied the effect of surface roughness on flow. But, it has become important to research of the phenomenon of asperities contact in surfaces because the growth of asperities contact area under heavy load conditions. In this paper, flow factors in the average flow model derived by Patir and Cheng were used, and a multi-asperity contact model was included to calculate lubrication properties of a surface with a randomly generated rough surface. A numerical analysis using the average Reynolds equation with both the average flow model and the asperity contact model was conducted, and the results were compared with those from previous research. The results showed that the influence of asperities on lubrication and the friction coefficient changed rapidly on application of contact model.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2016

In this study, electrochemical damage behaviors with flow rate were investigated for anodized 5083 aluminum alloy in seawater. As the results of anodic polarization experiments and potentiostatic experiments at +1.0 V (vs. SSCE), the non-flow condition presented largely damaged surface resulting from a tendency of local pitting damage. Under various flow rate conditions, however, less surface damages under the application of anodic potential was obtained which is attributed to no accumulation of $H^+$ and $Cl^-$ ions on the surface. On the other hand, the results of the potentiostatic experiments at -1.0 V (vs. SSCE) with flow rate showed that anodized 5083 aluminum alloys could achieve the effective cathodic protection by low cathodic protection current density less than $2.61{\times}10^{-7}A/cm^2$ even under high flow rate of 1 m/s.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2670-2675
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• 2008

We introduce a new type of surface microscope using hydrodynamic phenomena. The fluid flow through the opening of the pipette probe is blocked at short distances between the probe and the surface, thus increasing the pressure loss. Therefore, a scanning flow impedance microscope (SFIM) can image the surface topology by scanning the probe with measuring the pressure loss. The SFIM can display the topology regardless of surface hardness, surface electrical conductivity, and surrounding fluid. The present letter contains the first experimental results on surface topography obtained with this novel microscope. The preliminary results in air demonstrate the lateral resolution of the SFIM is very close to the inner diameter of the probe.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집C
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• pp.47-52
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• 2001

Micro-injection molding and microfluidic devices with the help of MEMS technologies including the LIGA process are expected to play important roles in. micro-system industries, in particular the bioapplication industry, in the near future. Understanding fluid flows in micro-channels is important since micro-channels are typical geometry in various microfluidic devices and mold inserts for micro-injection molding. In the present study, both experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to understand the detailed flow phenomena in micro-channel filling process. Three sets of micro-channels of different thickness were fabricated and a flow visualization system was also developed to observe the filling flow into the micro-channels. Experimental flow observations were extensively made to find the effects of channel width and thickness, and effects of surface tension and volume flow rate and so on. And a numerical analysis system has been developed to simulate the filling flow into micro-channels with the surface tension effect taken into account. Discussed are the flow visualization experimental observations along with the predictability of the numerical analysis system.