• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.221-242
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• 2023

Internal and external corrosion are common in pressure pipes used in a variety of industries, often resulting in defects that compromise their integrity. This economically and industrially significant problem calls for both preventive and curative technical solutions to guarantee the reliability of these structures. With this in mind, our study focuses on the influence of composite and metallic patch repairs on the limit loads of pipes, particularly elbows, the critical component of piping systems. To this end, we used the nonlinear extended finite element method (X-FEM) to study elbows, a priori corroded on the internal surface of the extrados section, then repaired with composite and metallic patches. In addition, the effect of the geometry of composite materials and metal patches was examined, in particular the effect of their thickness and material on the increase in limit loads of repaired structures. The results obtained provide information on the effectiveness and optimization of patch repair of corroded elbows, with the aim of increasing their service life.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

Silicon-based thin film was prepared at room temperature by an electrochemical deposition method and a feasibility study was conducted for its use as an anode material in a rechargeable lithium battery. The growth of the electrodeposits was mainly concentrated on the surface defects of the Cu substrate while that growth was trivial on the defect-free surface region. Intentional formation of random defects on the substrate by chemical etching led to uniform formation of deposits throughout the surface. The morphology of the electrodeposits reflected first the roughened surface of the substrate, but it became flattened as the deposition time increased, due primarily to the concentration of reduction current on the convex region of the deposits. The electrodeposits proved to be amorphous and to contain chlorine and carbon, together with silicon, indicating that the electrolyte is captured in the deposits during the fabrication process. The silicon in the deposits readily reacted with lithium, but thick deposits resulted in significant reaction overvoltage. The charge efficiency of oxidation (lithiation) to reduction (delithiation) was higher in the relatively thick deposit. This abnormal behavior needs to clarified in view of the thickness dependence of the internal residual stress and the relaxation tendency of the reaction-induced stress due to the porous structure of the deposits and the deposit components other than silicon.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.595-599
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• 1996

결정입계를 갖는 $CaF_{2}$ 결정을 annealing할 때, 내부에 존재하는 bubbles의 거동을 결정학적으로 분석하였다. 이들 bubbles는 결정 내에서 일어나는 slip 현상처럼 $CaF_{2}$ 결정구조에 의존하여 특정한 방향으로 배향되어 있음이 확인되었다. 또한, AFM(atomic force microscope)으로 분석한 결과, 이들의 움직임은 negative grain growth에 의한 S-surface를 형성하고 있음이 관찰되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1618-1625
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• 2006

During the last two decades, several guidelines have been developed and used for assessing the integrity of a defective steam generator (SG) tube that is generally caused by stress corrosion cracking or wall-thinning phenomenon. However, as some of SG tubes are also failed due to fretting and so on, alternative failure estimation schemes are required for relevant defects. In this paper, parametric three-dimensional finite element (FE) analyses are carried out under internal pressure condition to simulate the failure behavior of SG tubes with different defect configurations; elliptical wear, tapered and flat wear type defects. Maximum pressures based on material strengths are obtained from more than a hundred FE results to predict the failure of SG tube. After investigating the effect of key parameters such as defect depth, defect length and wrap angle, simplified failure estimation equations are proposed in relation to the equivalent stress at the deepest point in wear region. Comparison of failure pressures predicted by the proposed estimation scheme with corresponding burst test data showed a good agreement.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2002

원자력 발전소나 화학공장 등에서 사용되는 보편적인 부재중 하나인 압력배관은 사용중에 내부에 부식 등의 원인으로 결함이 발생되어 구조적 강도나 안전에 문제를 야기한다. 따라서, 이런 결함의 검출은 중요한 문제이다. 현재 신뢰성이 인정되어 사용되는 기존의 비파괴검사법으로는 초음파 X선 그리고 와전류에 의한 방법 등이 있다. 그렇지만 이러한 방법들은 검사하고자 하는 대상과 거의 접촉에 가까운 형태로 검사가 진행되고 있으며, 결함은 넓은 영역에 걸쳐 한번에 검출되지 못하고 탐촉자나 필름이 위치하는 부분으로 검사영역이 한정되는 단점이 있다. 그래서 검사에 많은 시간과 경비가 소모되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점들을 극복할 수 있는 레이저를 이용한 전자 전단 간섭법으로 결함을 측정하였다. 그리하여 압력용기의 내부에 존재하는 다양한 결함의 유무와 결함의 방향을 변위구배를 나타내는 간섭무늬로 검출하고, 검출된 결함에 위상 이동법을 적용하여 정량적으로 측정할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 두 편으로 구성된다. 그 첫 번째는 전자 전단 간섭법을 이용한 압력용기의 내부결함 검출에 관한 연구이고, 두 번째는 그 측정시스템의 오차분석에 관한 연구로 구성되어 있다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.370-376
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• 2005

Magnesium alloys are becoming important material for light weight car body, due to their low specific density but high specific strength. However they have a poor weldability, caused high oxidization tendency and low vapor temperature. In this study, the welding performance of magnesium alloys was investigated for automobile application. The materials were rolled magnesium alloy sheet contains Al and Zn such as AZ3l , AZ6l and AZ9l. Three types of welding process were studied, that were GTAW, Laser beam welding and FSW. To evaluate the weldability, we examined the appearance of welding bead. Also we checked bead shape and internal defects such as crack and porosity on cross section of welding bead. The mechanical property was measured for welded specimen by tensile test. For determination of the strength change by welding process, the hardness profile across the welding center was measured. For the results, the tensile properties of welded specimen were decreased obviously on all welding process. For the fusion welding process such as GTAW and laser beam welding, the surface of the welding bead was covered with oxidized magnesium dust but it was removed by simple cleaning work as wipe-out with tissue. Also under cut, that caused vaporization of base metal was occurred. for the friction stir welding, there was no oxidation, under-cut or internal defects. However it had poor weld performance, the reason was cleavage fracture occurred at plastic deformation zone. For welding of magnesium alloy, the laser beam welding process was recommended.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2001

Induction surface hardening is widely used to enhance local strength and hardness. However, most research is only to have a focus on fatigue life and fatigue behavior is not so much studied. So, in this study, Cr-Mo steel alloy(SCM440) was used to show the effect of residual stress and micro hole on the fatigue strength fur base metal and induction surface hardened specimen. In addition, the fatigue characteristic between surface hardened and fully hardened steel is somewhat different. It is caused by hardness distribution, residual stress and inclusions etc.. The modification of prediction equation of fatigue strength is proposed and predicted results show very good accuracy. A $textsc{k}$, which is calculated 1.46, is introduced to consider the effect of stationary crack with defect. A new method of modifying residual stress is proposed to examine the mean stress effect under fatigue loading.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

In this paper, we present a new combined field integral equation (CFIE) formulation for the analysis of electromagnetic scattering from arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional perfectly conducting and piecewise homogeneous dielectric composite body. The conducting/dielectric structures are approximated by planar triangular patches, which have the ability to conform to any geometrical surface. The surface covering the conducting body is replaced by an equivalent surface electric current and the surface of the dielectric by equivalent electric and magnetic currents. The all equivalent currents are approximated in terms of RWG (Rao, Wilton, Glisson) functions. The objective of this paper is to illustrate that the CFIE is a valid methodology in removing defects, which occur at a frequency corresponding to an internal resonance of the structure. Numerical results are presented and compared with solutions obtained using other formulations.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2018

STS 316L prepared by additive manufacturing (AM) exhibits deterioration of mechanical properties and wear resistance due to the presence of defects such as black-of-fusion defects, internal porosity, residual stress, and anisotropy. In addition, high surface roughness (integrity) of AM products remains an issue. This study aimed to apply ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technology to STS 316L prepared by AM to increase the surface hardness, to reduce the surface roughness, and to improve the friction and wear behavior to the level achieved by bulk material manufactured using traditional processes. Herein, the as-received and polished specimens were treated by UNSM technology and their resulting properties were compared and discussed. The results showed that UNSM technology increased the surface hardness and reduced the surface roughness of the as-received and polished specimens. These results can be attributed to grain size refinement and pore elimination from the surface. Moreover, the friction of the as-received and polished specimens after UNSM technology was lower compared to those of the as-received and polished specimens, but no significant differences in wear resistance were found.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

Extensive surgical resection of the aerodigestive track can result in a large and complex defect of the oropharynx, which represents a significant reconstructive challenge for the plastic surgery. Development of microsurgical techniques has allowed for free flap reconstruction of oropharyngeal defects, with superior outcomes as well as decreases in postoperative complications. The reconstructive goals for oral and oropharyngeal defects are to restore the anatomy, to maintain continuity of the intraoral surface and oropharynx, to protect vital structures such as carotid arteries, to cover exposed portions of internal organs in preparation for adjuvant radiation, and to preserve complex functions of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers should be treated with consideration of functional recovery. Multidisciplinary treatment strategies are necessary for maximizing disease control and preserving the natural form and function of the oropharynx.