• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.405-409
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• 2010

현재 대부분의 수삼은 흙이 묻은 상태로 유통되고 있는데 소비자의 편이성을 고려하여 수삼을 세척한 후 포장한 상태로 유통시키기 위한 연구의 일환으로 수삼의 세척처리 방법에 따른 표면세척효과 및 미생물 감균 효과를 조사하였다. 수확 직후 수삼의 부위별 생균수는 5.85~6.63 log CFU/ea범위로 뇌두 부위가 가장 많았고 다음으로는 지근과 주근 순이었다. 부위별 곰팡이 수는 3.67~5.12 log CFU/ea범위로 뇌두 부위가 많았으며 주근과 지근은 거의 유사한 수준이었다. 수삼표면을 상압살수, 고압살수 및 솔질 처리를 하였던 바 고압살수처리에 의해 세척도가 증가하고, 표면 미생물을 감소시킬 수 있었으나 그 효과는 솔질처리의 경우보다는 낮았다. 세척한 수삼의 표면 미생물 수를 더 낮추기 위해 부가적으로 에탄올용액, 차아염소산나트륨 용액, 과산화수소용액, 전해산화수, 오존수 및 중온수를 각각 처리하였던 바 전해산화수 처리 시 생균수와 곰팡이 수가 세척한 수삼에 비해 각각 0.79 CFU/ea, 0.51 log CFU/ea 정도 감소하여 다른 처리구에 비하여서는 우수하였으나 처리구간의 통계적인 유의성은 인정되지 않았다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.386-396
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• 2004

Statement of problem: It is not clear how to make a stable bonding between zirconia ceramic and resin cement. And the study about surface treatment of zirconia ceramic or bonding resin cement are not enough. Purpose: To measure and compare the shear bond strength of some resin cements on zirconia ceramic after different surface treatments. Material and method: 48 ceramic discs were made of 3 ceramic materials, zirconia ceramics (Zi-Ceram), heat-pressed ceramics (IPS Empress 2) and slip cast alumina ceramics (In-Ceram). According to the surface treatments of ceramic specimens and resin cements, specimens were classified into 6 groups and each group was composed of 8 specimens. For the surface treatment of Zi-Ceram group (test group), sandblasting and diamond bur preparation were applied and Superbond C&B and Panavia F were bonded respectively. For IPS Empress 2 group (control group), Variolink II was bonded after sandblasting, acid etching, silanization and for In-Ceram ALUMINA group (control group), Panavia F was bonded after sandblasting. After storing specimens in distilled water for 24 hours, the shear bond strength was measured by the universal testing machine. Results and conclusion: 1. Zi-Ceram group with Superbond C&B cement showed higher bond strength than with Panavia F cement regardless to the surface treatments (p<0.05). 2. In Zi-Ceram group with Superbond C&B cement, sandblasting treatment group (12.1MPa) showed higher bond strength than diamond bur treatment group (7.7MPa) (p<0.05). In Zi-Ceram group with Panavia F cement, there were no significant differences in the bond strength according to the surface treatments (p>0.05). 3. Zi-Ceram group with sandblasting and Superbond C&B cement (12.1MPa) showed the highest bond strength. The bond strength of this group was not significantly different from In-Ceram ALUMINA group (10.4MPa) (p>0.05) and lower than IPS Empress 2 group (15.9MPa) (p<0.05).

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2002

This study investigated the shear bond strengths between abrasion-resistant denture teeth and composite resins according to surface treatments. Denture teeth for this study were Trubyte IPN teeth(Dentsply Inc., USA) with interpenetrating polymer network and Endura Posterio (Shofu Inc. Japan) of composite resin teeth, and restorative composite resins were Clearfil FII (Kuraray, Japan) of the self-cured composite resin and Z100(3M Dental Product, USA) of the light-cured composite resin. Five different surface treatments were evaluated: (1) $50{\mu}m\;A1_2O_3$ sandblasting: (2) #100 carbide paper; (3) chloroform; (4) retentive holes; and (5) no treatment. After surface treatments, denture teeth were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and the maximum shear bond strengths between abrasion-resistant denture teeth and composite resins were measured using Instron. The results were as follows; 1. IPN teeth treated with sandblasting had the highest shear bond strength, and Endura treated with sandblasting and carbide paper had significantly greater shear bond strength than with any other surface treatment. 2. Regardless or composite resins, the shear bond strength on Endura was greater than on IPN teeth. 3. Regardless of denture teeth, the shear bond strength of Clearfil FII was greater han of Z100. 4. In appearance of SEM, IPN teeth treated with sandblasting showed generalized roughness on the all of surface, however, carbide paper treatment resulted in partly rough. Endura treated with sandblasting and carbide paper showed similar surface characteristics. Wetting denture teeth surface with chloroform removed the debris and created a particle-free and smooth surface.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2022

Mechanical surface treatment is an excellent approach widely used to modulate and improve the performance and service life of bearings, gears, and frictional joints. The main purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the effect of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) and wonder process craft (WPC) on the surface and tribological properties of SUJ2 bearing steel. The surface roughness and hardness of the untreated and treated (UNSM- and WPC-treated) specimens were measured and compared. Their tribological properties were evaluated using a micro-tribometer under grease-lubricated and dry conditions against itself. Surface hardness measurement results revealed that both the UNSM- and WPC-treated specimens had a higher hardness than that of the untreated specimen. The surface roughness of the untreated specimen was reduced after UNSM and WPC treatments. Abrasive wear mode was observed on the surface of the specimens worn under grease-lubricated conditions, while adhesive wear mode was found on the surface of the specimens worn in dry conditions. According to the tribological test results, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the untreated specimens were reduced by the application of both the UNSM and WPC treatments under grease-lubricated and dry conditions.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of surface treatments on microtensile bond strengths (MTBSs) of two types of indirect resin composites bonded to a conventional direct resin composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Indirect resin composite blocks of Ceramage and SR Nexco were prepared in a plastic mold having a dimension of $10{\times}10{\times}4\;mm$. These composite blocks were divided into three groups according to their surface treatments: Group1: Sandblast (SB); Group2: Sandblast and ultrasonically clean (SB+UL); Group3: Sandblast plus silane (SB+SI). After bonding with direct resin composite, indirect-direct resin composite blocks were kept in distilled water for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ and cut into microbars with the dimension of $1{\times}1{\times}8\;mm$. Microbar specimens (n = 40 per group) were loaded using a universal testing machine. Failure modes and compositions were evaluated by SEM. The statistical analyses of MTBS were performed by two-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test at ${\alpha}=.05$. RESULTS. Surface treatments and brands had effects on the MTBS without an interaction between these two factors. For SR Nexco, the MTBSs of SB and SB+SI group were significantly higher than that of SB+UL. For Ceramage, the MTBSs of SB and SB+SI were significantly higher than that of SB+UL. The mean MTBS of the Ceramage specimens was significantly higher than that of SR Nexco for all surface treatments. CONCLUSION. Sandblasting with or without silane application could improve the bond strengths of repaired indirect resin composites to a conventional direct resin composite.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2003

Statement of problem. Resin cements are widely used in adhesive dentistry specially on all ceramic restorations. It is needed to find out adequate bonding strength between different porcelain surface treatments, commercially available porcelains, and different resin cement systems. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of resin cements bonded to porcelains in three different modalities; 5 different porcelain surface treatments, 3 different resin cement systems and 3 different commercially available pressable porcelains. Material and Method. This study consisted of 3 parts. Part I examined the effect of five different surface treatments on the pressable porcelain. Fifty discs (5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height) of Authentic porcelain were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10). The specimens were sanded with 320 grit SiC paper followed by 600 grit SiC paper. The specimens were treated as follow: Group 1-Sandblasting (aluminum oxide) only, Group 2 - sandblasting/ silane, Group 3 - sandblasting/ acid etching/ silane, Group 4 - acid etching only, Group 5 - acid etching/ silane. Part II examined the shear bond strength of 3 different resin cement systems (Duolink, Variolink II, Rely X ARC) on acid etching/ silane treated Authentic pressable porcelain. Part 3 examined the shear bond strength of Duolink resin cement on 3 different pressable porcelains (Authentic, Empress I, Finesse). All cemented specimens were stored in distilled water for 2 hours and tested with Ultradent shear bond strength test jig under Universal Instron machine until fracture. An analysis of variance(ANOVA) test was used to evaluate differences in shear bond strength. Result. The shear bond strength test resulted in the following: (1) Acid etched porcelains recorded greater shear bond strength values to the sandblasted porcelains. (2) Silane treated porcelains recorded greater shear bond strength values to non-silane treated porcelains. (3) There was no significant difference between sandblasting/ acid etching/ silane treated and acid etching/ silane treated porcelains. However those values were much higher than other three groups. (4) The shear bond strength with Variolink II was lower than the value of Duolink or Rely X ARC. (5) The shear bond strength of Finesse was lower than the value of Authentic or Empress I.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.905-907
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• 2014

The plasma and microwave surface treatments of carbon nanotubes that loaded on plastic substrates were carried out with expecting a change of carbon nanotube dispersion by increasing treatment time. The microwave treatment process was undergone by commercial microwave oven (800 W). The electrical property was measured by hall measurement and resistance was increased by increasing $O_2$ flow rate of plasma, suggesting an improvement of carbon nanotube dispersion and a possibility of controlling the resistances of carbon nanotubes by plasma surface treatment. The resistance was increased in both polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide substrates by increasing $O_2$ flow rate. Resistance changes only slightly with different $O_2$ flow treatment in measure rho for all polyimide samples. Sheet resistance is lowest in polyimide substrate not due to high carbon nanotube loading but due to tendency to remain in elongated structure. $O_2$ or $N_2$ plasma treatments on both polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide substrates lead to increase in sheet resistance.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1998년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.303-304
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• 1998

We investigated the effects of scintillation crystal surface treatment on gamma camera imaging. The NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) (20 mm (dia.) $\times10mm$ (thick) plate) scintillators were chosen for this study. Two different surface treatments, white and black reflectors, were applied to NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl). The optical properties of generated scintillation light were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation and postion sensitive photo multiplier tube (PSPMT). We measured sensitivity, energy resolution and spatial resolution of a gamma camera system with the scintillators coupled to a PSPMT. Based on the results, we concluded that the careful consideration of surface treatments of the scintillator was necessary in order to develop the gamma camera having good sensitivity and spatial resolution.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

유기 발광 다이오드를 위한 indium oxide (ITO) 기판을 여러 가지로 방법으로 표면처리를 하고, 이에 따른 atomic force microscopy (AFM)에 의한 morphology의 변화와 표면에서 변화된 원소들의 조성비를 Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)분석에 의하여 조사하였다. 또한 이 기판을 사용하여 초고진공분자선 증착방법에 의하여 유기 발광다이오드를 제작하고 그 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 산소플라즈마으로 표면 처리한 ITO 기판 위에 제조된 organic light-emitting diode (OLED)소자의 특성이 향상되었다. 그것은 AES의 분석에 의하면 ITO 표면의 오염된 탄소가 제거되고 ITO의 일함수가 증가되어 정공이 유기물 층으로 용이하게 주입한 결과로 판단된다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2012

The effects of the alkali surface modification process on the adhesion strength between electroless-plated Cu and polyimide films were investigated. The polyimide surfaces were effectively modified by alkali surface treatments from the hydrophobic to the hydrophilic states, and it was confirmed by the results of the contact angle measurement. The surface roughness increased by alkali surface treatments and the adhesion strength was proportional to the surface roughness. The adhesion strength of Cu/polyimide interface treated by KOH + EDA (Ethylenediamine) was 874 gf/cm which is better than that treated by KOH and KOH + $KMnO_4$. The results of XPS spectra revealed that the alkali treatment formed oxygen functional groups such as carboxyl and amide groups on the polyimide films which is closely related to the interfacial bonding mechanism between electroless-plated Cu and polyimide films. It could be suggested that the species and contents of functional group on polyimide films, surface roughness and contact angle were related with the adhesion strength of Cu/polyimide in combination.