• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.264-267
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• 2007

It is important to reduce optical losses from front surface reflection to improve the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells. Surface texturing by isotropic etching with acid solution based on HF and $HNO_3$ is one of the promising methods that can reduce surface reflectance. Anisotropic texturing with alkali solution is not suitable for multicrystalline silicon wafers because of its various grain orientations. In this paper, we textured multicrystalline silicon wafers by simple wet chemical etching using acid solution to reduce front surface reflectance. After that, surface morphology of textured wafer was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope(AFM), surface reflectance was measured in wavelength from 400nm to 1000nm. We obtained 29.29% surface reflectance by isotropic texturing with acid solution in wavelength from 400nm to 1000nm for fabrication of multicrystalline silicon solar cells.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

Relatively simplified method for determination of surface reflectance has been used by using the ratio between SWIR and VIS band reflectance over land surface. The surface reflectance ratios (SWIR/VIS) were estimated over land in Korea from Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectre-radiometer (MODIS) L1 data. The ratios by using the minimum reflectance technique were lower than those by MODIS operational aerosol retrieval algorithm. Although the comparison between MODIS and sunphotometer Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) has a good correlation coefficient (R=0.84), slightly overestimated MODIS AOTs were shown with a slope of linear regression line of 0.89. The comparison between the ratio and AOT dearly exhibit that the error of MODIS AOT could be originated from the underestimated surface reflectances by MODIS operational algorithm.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.487-499
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• 2009

Atmospheric correction of satellite measurements is a major step to estimate accurate surface reflectance of solar spectrum channels. In this study, Simplified Method for the Atmospheric Correction (SMAC) radiative transfer model used to retrieve surface reflectance from MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer) top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance. It is fast and simple atmospheric correction method, so it uses for work site operation in various satellite. This study attempts a test of accuracy of SMAC through a sensitivity test to detected error sources and to improve accuracy of surface reflectance using SMAC. The results of SMAC as compared with MODIS surface reflectance (MOD09) was represented that low accuracy ($R^2\;=\;0.6196$, Root Means Square Error (RMSE) = 0.00031, bias = - 0.0859). Thus sensitivity analysis of input parameters and coefficients was conducted to searching error sources. Among the input parameters, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is the most influence input parameter. In order to modify AOD term in SMAC code, Stepwise multiple regression was performed with testing and remove variable in three stages with independent variables of AOD at 550nm, solar zenith angle, viewing zenith angle. Surface reflectance estimation by using Newly proposed AOD term in the study showed that improve accuracy ($R^2\;=\;0.827$, RMSE = 0.00672, bias = - 0.000762).

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1633-1641
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• 1996

In this paper we propose a new method for anlayzing the properties of surface reflectance and reconstructing the shape of object using estimated reflectance parameters. We have investigated the hybrid reflectance surface which has specularreflection and diffuse reflection, which can be explained by Torrance-Sparrow model. Sample sphere made on one maerial is used to estimate the reflectance properties by using LMS algorithm. We can make the reference image which consists of surface normal and brightness value using estimated reflectance parameters, and thenarbitrary shape object made of the same material as sample can be reconstructed by matching with reference image. Photometric matching method proposed in this paper is robust because it mateches object image with the reference imageconsidering its neighbor brightness distribution. Also, in this paper plate diffuse illumination is used to remove intensity disparity with simple scheme. It is expected that the proposed algorithm can be applied to 3D recognition, vision inspection system and other fields.

• 대기
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2004

A technique on atmospheric correction algorithm to the multi-band reflectance of Landsat TM imagery has been developed using an atmospheric radiation transfer model for eliminating the atmospheric and surface diffusion effects. Despite the fact that the technique of satellite image processing has been continually developed, there is still a difference between the radiance value registered by satellite borne detector and the true value registered at the ground surface. Such difference is caused by atmospheric attenuations of radiance energy transfer process which is mostly associated with the presence of aerosol particles in atmospheric suspension and surface irradiance characteristics. The atmospheric reflectance depend on atmospheric optical depth and aerosol concentration, and closely related to geographical and environmental surface characteristics. Therefore, when the effects of surface diffuse and aerosol reflectance are eliminated from the satellite image, it is actually corrected from atmospheric optical conditions. The objective of this study is to develop an algorithm for making atmospheric correction in satellite image. The study is processed with the correction function which is developed for eliminating the effects of atmospheric path scattering and surface adjacent pixel spectral reflectance within an atmospheric radiation model. The diffused radiance of adjacent pixel in the image obtained from accounting the average reflectance in the $7{\times}7$ neighbourhood pixels and using the land cover classification. The atmospheric correction functions are provided by a radiation transfer model of LOWTRAN 7 based on the actual atmospheric soundings over the Korean atmospheric complexity. The model produce the upward radiances of satellite spectral image for a given surface reflectance and aerosol optical thickness.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 1998

2차원 밝기 영상에서 3차원 정보를 얻는 문제는 컴퓨터 시각 연구에서 매우 중요한 분야를 차지하고 있다. 이러한 목적을 위해 먼저 2차원 영상을 취득할 때 카메라의 위치, 광원의 방향, 영상내 물체의 반사특성 등 본질적인 정보를 이용한다. 이중에서 물체의 표면 반사특성은 매우 중요한 단서가 된다. 과거에는 물체의 반사특성을 Lambertian 반사만을 전제하여 연구를 진행했지만 실세계의 물체는 대부분 Non-Lambertian 반사특성을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 2차원 밝기 영상에서 물체의 반사특성을 해석하고, 반사특성 파라미터를 추정하여 물체의 형상을 복구하는 새로운 방법과 반사특성을 모르는 상황에서 신경회로망 학습에 의해 형상을 복구하는 방법을 제안한다. 물체의 반사특성은 전반사 성분과 난반사 성분을 함께 갖는 Non-Lambertian 면을 그 대상으로 하며, 이러한 반사특성은 전반사(Torrance-Sparrow) 모델과 난반사(Lambertian) 모델의 선형적인 합으로 설명될 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 Photometric Matching은 주변 화소의 밝기 분포를 고려하여 참조영상과의 매칭을 통한 형상복구 알고리듬으로써 기존의 Photometric Stereo에 근본을 두고 있지만, 잡음 및 오차의 누적 정도가 향상되었다. 또한 물체의 반사특성을 모르는 상황에서 신경회로망 학습에 의한 형상복구방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 역전파 학습알고리듬을 이용해 광원 방향에 따른 밝기값에 대해 면법선을 교사하여 형상을 결정한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.301-312
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• 1996

A new approach is presented for recovering the 3-D shape from shading image. Photometric Stereo Method (PSM) is generally based on the direct illumination. In this paper, the reflectance function is derived by introduceing the indirect diffuse illumination in PSM and then applied to hybrid reflectance model which consists fo two components; the Lambertian reflectance and the speclar reflectance. Under the hybrid reflectance model and the indirect diffuse illumination circumstances, the 3-D shape of object can be recovered from the suface normal vector extracted from the surface roughness, the surface reflectance ratio, and the intensity value of a pixel. This method is rapid because of using the reference table and simplifies the restriction condition about the reflectance function existing in prior studies. The recovery efficiency in our method is better than that in prior studies. Also, this method is applied to various types of surfaces by defining general reflectance function.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.382-395
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• 1992

The surface color of several varieties of apples were expressed quantitatively in xyz chromaticity coordinates. The spectral reflectance of 'Fuji' apples were measured in 400-820 nm range by using a spectrophotometer. Based on the spectrophotometer data and the result of visual sensory test, linear regression models were developed to select wavelengths effective for sorting apples. The models utilized reflectance at single wavelength, and the difference and ratio of the reflectance at two distinct wavelengths. The model which best fitted the visual sensory test data was one utilizing the ratio of the reflectance at 618 nm and 514nm. The correlation coefficient for this model was 0.967. Several other models were also described.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.212-226
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• 2019

극궤도 위성(Aura)에 탑재되어 운용 중인 Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)를 이용하여 동아시아 지역에 대한 등가 람버시안 반사도(Lambertian Equivalent Reflectance; LER)를 유도하였다. 본 연구의 LER 기후값(2004년 10월-2007년 9월)은 기존 OMI 및 MODIS 결과와 다음 대기환경 변수의 관점에서 비교분석되었다. 파장(자외선, 가시광선), 지표 특성(육지, 해양), 그리고 구름 제거. 자외선 및 가시광선 파장역(328-500 nm)에서 산출된 LER은 최소 반사도뿐만 아니라 세 종류 하위 평균(1, 5, 10% 이내)으로 산출되었다. 이들 중에 10% 평균값이 OMI 결과와 가장 잘 일치하였다. 여기서 상관계수는 0.88, 평균 제곱근 오차는 1.0%. 그리고 평균 편차는 -0.3%이었다. 10% 평균값과 기존 OMI LER값은 해양에서 가시광선에 비하여 자외선 영역에서 큰(~2%) 반면에 육지에서는 작게(~1%) 나타났다. 또한 파장 및 지표 특성에 따른 LER 변동폭은 육지 및 가시광선 조건에서, 특히 만년설 및 사막 지역에서 크게 나타났다(~3%). 최소 반사도값은 해양 및 육지의 표본 지역에서 MODIS에 비하여 약 1.4% 과대 산출되었다. 이러한 원인은 고해상도 MODIS 자료에서의 효과적인 구름 제거에 있다고 분석되었다. MODIS에 대한 10% 평균값의 상대 오차는 기존 OMI 산출물에 비하여 해양에서 작았으나(-0.6%) 육지에서는 컸다(1.5%). OMI 산출물 경우에 육지에서의 작은 상대 오차는 Landsat 자료 이용한 효과적인 구름 제거에 있다고 추정되었다. 본 연구는 정지궤도 환경위성(예, GEMS) 관측을 이용한 지면반사도 산출에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2000년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.507-512
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• 2000

The main objective of this study is to provide a soil surface information, which represent a soil reflectance spectrum, by remote sensing technology. The soil reflectance of the soil was measured using a spectroradiometer in the wavelength range from 300nm to 1100nm. Measurements of soil reflectance have been made in four different soils. The results suggest that the reflectance properties of soils are related to their mineral composition and soil moisture. Increasing soil moisture resulted in an decrease in the rate of reflectance which leads to parallel curves of soil reflectance spectra. The soil line representing the relationship between red and near-infrared soil reflectance is characterized by soil types.