• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1983

논토양(土壌)의 생물적(生物的) 질소고정활성(窒素固定活性) 및 수도생육(水稻生育)에 미치는 볏짚시용(施用) (특(特)히 시용방법(施用方法); 표면시용(表面施用)과 혼층시용(混層施用))효과(効果)를 밝히기 위하여 황천(荒川) 충적토양(沖積土壌)과 회목(栃木) 화산회토양(火山灰土壌)을 충분(充墳)한 라이시메타 시험(試験)을 실시(実施)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 볏짚시용(施用)은 혼층시용(混層施用), 표면시용(表面施用) 어느 경우에도 수도(水稻) 생육초기(生育初期) 1~2개월(個月) 사이에 작토(作土) 표층부(表層部) (0~1cm)의 질소고정활성(窒素固定活性), 특(特)히 광합성미생물(光合成微生物)에 의한 질소고정활성(窒素固定活性)을 현저(顕著)하게 증대(増大)시켰다. 2. 볏짚 시용방법(施用方法)에 따라서는 혼층시용(混層施用)보다도 표면시용(表面施用)하므로 더욱 현저(顕著)한 질소고정활성(窒素固定活性)의 증대(増大)를 보였으며, 표면시용(表面施用)은 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育) 정도(程度)에도 양호(良好)한 결과(結果)를 가져왔다. 3. 유수형성기(幼穗形成期)에 작토(作土)에 잔존(殘存)하는 볏짚, 수도근(水稻根), 토양(土壌)을 각각(各各) 채취(採取)하여 질소고정활성(窒素固定活性)을 비교(比較)한 결과(結果), 볏짚시용(施用)에 의한 표층부(表層部)에서의 질소고정활성(窒素固定活性)의 증대(増大)는 시용(施用)되어진 볏짚 및 그 근방(近傍)에서 발현(発現)된 것으로 판명(判明)되었다. 4. 제초제(除草剤)의 산포(散布)(단(但) MO입제(粒剤))는 제초제(除草剤) 무산포구(無散布区)보다 오히려 표층부(表層部) 볏짚의 질소고정활성(窒素固定活性)의 증대(増大)를 가져왔다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 치아씨의 항산화 활성을 증가시키기 위하여 추출용매 종류와 용매농도, 추출시간과 추출온도를 달리하여 총 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 후 반응표면분석을 이용하여 최적조건을 수립하였다. 치아씨 추출조건은 에탄올과 메탄올용매 모두에서 추출용매 60%, 추출시간 130분과 추출온도 $20^{\circ}C$에서 총 폴리페놀 871.00mg%($R^2=0.9507$), 557.70mg%($R^2=0.9784$)로 가장 함량이 많았고, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 72.14%($R^2=0.9675$), 52.79%($R^2=0.9524$)의 항산화력을 보였다. 용매종류에서는 에탄올 추출용매가 메탄올 추출용매보다 같은 조건에서는 월등히 높은 항산화력을 보여 에탄올이 치아씨 추출용매로 더 우수한 용매로 선정되었다. 또한 반응표면분석 결과, 용매추출 조건에서는 에탄올 용매에서는 용매추출 시간이나 온도보다는 용매농도에 가장 큰 영향을 받았고, 메탄올 추출조건에서는 용매추출 시간에서 가장 큰 영향력을 주었다. 반응표면분석 후 용매 농도, 시간과 온도의 최적 추출조건의 범위는 에탄올 추출조건은 에탄올농도 63%, 추출시간 100분과 추출온도 $18^{\circ}C$가 최적조건이고, 메탄올 추출조건에서는 추출농도 65%, 추출시간 120분과 추출온도 $16^{\circ}C$를 보였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2017

Background: Scapular dyskinesis is characterized by altered scapular position and motion. Specifically, excess activation of the Upper trapezius (UT) combined with decreased Lower trapezius (LT) and Serratus anterior (SA) have been observed. The Standard push-up plus exercise (SPP) is considered as a therapeutic exercise for increasing SA activity and maintaining the scapular kinematics. In addition, Using the Sling surface can lead to higher muscle activity. However, the advantage of an unstable surface has been uncertatin. Objects: To compare the activation of the UT, LT, and lower serratus anterior (LSA) muscles during various push-up plus exercises with and without sling in subjects with scapular dyskinesis. Methods: Total 18 male subjects with scapular dyskinesis were recruited. The UT, LT, and LSA electromyographic activities and the UT/LSA and UT/LT EMG activity ratios were measured during three push-up plus exercises with and without sling. Two-way repeated of analysis of variance was used to determine the statistical significance. Results: The UT activity was significantly lower in all postures without sling than that with sling. In addition, the LSA activity was significantly greater without than with sling, and significantly large in SPP, Low back supported push-up plus (LSPP), and Quadruped push-up plus. Additionally, the UT/LSA and UT/LT activity ratios were lower in SPP and LSPP without sling than with the other four push-up plus exercises. Conclusion: The push-up plus without sling were considered to decrease UT and increase LSA activity compared with exercises with sling. Furthermore, SPP without sling seems to be a more effective exercise for increasing LSA activity and lowering the UT/LSA and UT/LT activity ratios in scapular dyskinesis subjects.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1423-1428
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• 2006

In this study, we have prepared pitch binded AC (activated carbon)/$AC/TiO_2$ composites photocatalysts through carbon tetrachloride solvent method. The developed samples were characterized with surface properties, structural crystallinity between AC and $AC/TiO_2$, elemental identification and photocatalytic activity. The results of the textural surface properties demonstrate that there are slight increases in the BET surface area and adsorbed volume from adsorption isotherm of composite samples with increasing of the amount of AC. The SEM results present to the characterization of porous texture on the pitch/AC/$AC/TiO_2$ composites and homogenous compositions in the particle for all the materials used. From XRD data, a weak and broad carbon peak of graphene remained rutile peaks kept with anatase structure were observed in the X-ray diffraction patterns for the pitch/AC/$AC/TiO_2$ composites. The EDX spectra show the presence of C, O and S with strong Ti peaks. Most of these samples are richer in carbon and major Ti metal than any other elements. Finally, the excellent photocatalytic activity of the pitch/AC/$AC/TiO_2$ composites between relative concentration ($c/c_o$) of MB and UV irradiation time could be attributed to the both effects between photocatalysis of the supported $AC/TiO_2$ and adsorptivity of the two kinds of carbons.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 인체모형을 이용하여 옮기기 활동을 하는 동안 발의 배치(11자 배치와 $90^{\circ}$배치)와 옮기는 지면의 높이(휠체어 좌석과 같은 높이와 다른 높이)가 허리척추에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이었다. 자발적으로 실험참여에 동의한 건강한 남성 15명을 대상으로 4가지 조건에 따라 옮기기 활동을 실시 하였다. 옮기기 활동 동안 허리척추의 작업부담을 알아보기 위해, 위팔두갈래근, 척추세움근, 넙다리근의 근활성도를 표면근전도로 측정하였고, 힘판을 이용하여 수직 지면반발력을 측정하였고, L4/L5에 가해지는 압박력을 3DSSPP를 이용하여 측정하고 분석하였다. 그 결과, 오른쪽 넙다리근의 근활성도를 제외한 나머지 근육의 근활성도는 각 조건 사이 유의한 차이가 없었다. 수직 지면반발력은 각 조건 사이 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 또한 L4/L5에 가해지는 압박력은 같은 높이인 경우 발의 배치에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 따라서 옮기기 시 발을 11자로 배치하는 것보다 발을 90°로 배치하는 것이 체중이 한쪽으로 쏠리는 경향과 L4/L5 압박력을 줄이는데 도움이 되기 때문에 환자 옮기기 시 이를 적용하는 교육이 필요할 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.339-342
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• 2000

In the present study, we attempted to apply DV-X$\alpha$ method to expressing the reactivity of materials. The expression of reactivity was discussed by comparison between ${\gamma}$-C$_2$G having hydraulic activity and ${\gamma}$-C$_2$S not having hydraulic activity at normal conditions. It was found that the model cluster used for calculation can finely reproduce the bulk and surface states using with and without point charge, respectively. The hydration state was also represented by placing OH￣ on the surface of the cluster. It was calculated that the bond strength of the first layer (as surface) was bigger than that of inner layers (as bulk) for ${\gamma}$-C$_2$S while that of the first layer for ${\gamma}$-C$_2$G was smaller than that of inner layers. Subsequently a model in which OH￣ is coordinated on Ca at the surface was also calculated. The bond strength with OH￣ was stronger than that without OH￣, while for ${\gamma}$-C$_2$G the bond strength with OH￣ was weaker than that without OH￣. From these results, it is concluded that the hydraulic activity depends on whether the bond strength for hydrated state becomes weaker than that unhydrated state or not.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.317.2-317.2
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• 2013

Ultrathin oxide encapsulated metal-oxide hybrid nanocatalysts have been fabricated by a soft chemical and facile route. First, SiO2 nanoparticles of 25~30 nm size have been synthesized by modified Stobber's method followed by amine functionalization. Metal nanoparticles (Ru, Rh, Pt) capped with polymer/citrate have been deposited on functionalized SiO2 and finally an ultrathin layer of TiO2 coated on surface which prevents sintering and provides high thermal stability while maximizing the metal-oxide interface for higher catalytic activity. TEM studies confirmed that 2.5 nm sized metal nanoparticles are well dispersed and distributed throughout the surface of 25 nm SiO2 nanoparticles with a 3-4 nm TiO2 ultrathin layer. The metal nanoparticles are still well exposed to outer surface, being enabled for surface characterization and catalytic activity. Even after calcination at $600^{\circ}C$, the structure and morphology of hybrid nanocatalysts remain intact confirm the high thermal stability. XPS spectra of hybrid nanocatalyst suggest the metallic states as well as their corresponding oxide states. The catalytic activity has been evaluated for high temperature CO oxidation reaction as well as photocatalytic H2 generation under solar simulation. The design of hybrid structure, high thermal stability, and better exposure of metal active sites are the key parameters for the high catalytic activity. The maximization of metal-TiO2 interface interaction has the great role in photocatalytic H2 production.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.369-372
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• 2009

In the present study, the effect of chemical treatment on graphite nanofibers (GNFs) supports with various concentrated nitric acids was investigated for methanol oxidation. To optimize the electrocatalytic activity, PtRu catalysts were deposited on GNF supports by impregnation method. The surface and structural properties of the GNF supports were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), element analyzer (EA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the catalysts was observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrocatalytic activity of PtRu/GNF catalysts was investigated by cyclic voltammetry measurement. As a result, the oxygen functional groups were introduced on the GNF supports and were gradually increased with increasing of concentrated nitric acid, causing the smaller particle size and higher loading level. And the electrocatalytic activity of the catalysts for methanol oxidation was gradually improved. Consequently, it was found that chemical treatments could influence on surface properties of the carbon supports, resulting in enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of the catalysts for DMFCs.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to describe the correlation between the activity of the muscles of upper and lower limbs of a golf driver swing according to shoulder injury. Method : The subjects were 18 professional golfers (7 male in KPGA and 11 female in KLPGA). Using surface electromyography, we evaluated muscle activities during the golf drive swing. Surface electrodes were used to record the level of muscle activity in the left Deltoid(MD), Triceps Brachii(TB), Pectoralis(PM), Trapezius(UT), Rectus Femoris(RF), Vastus Medialis Obilique(VMO), Biceps Femoris(BF), Gastrocnemius(GCM) muscles during the golfer's swing. The golf swing was divided into five phases: take away, forward swing, acceleration, early follow through, late follow through. Results : The results can be summarized as follows: MD, VMO had statistically significant difference in take away phases, GCM had statistically significant difference in acceleration phases, MD, PM, VMO had statistically significant difference in early follow through phases, PM had statistically significant difference in late follow through phases, Conclusion : Muscle activity of the 8 muscles(Deltoid, Triceps Brachii, Pectoralis, Trapezius, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis Obilique, Biceps Femoris, Gastrocnemius) along the shoulder damage or absence of has shown that they are organically connected to each of the phases.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.851-861
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• 2005

The nature of the implant surface can directly influence cellular response, ultimately affecting the rate and quality of new bone tissue formation. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate if human osteoblast-like cells, Saos-2, would respond differently when plated on disks of magnesium titanate and machined titanium. Magnesium titanate disks were prepared using Micro Arc Oxidation(MAO) methods. Control samples were machined commercially pure titanium disks. The cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation were evaluated by measuring cell number, and alkaline phosphatase(ALPase) activity at 1 day and 6 day after plating on the titanium disks. Measurement of cell number and ALPase activity in Saos-2 cells at 1 day did not demonstrate any difference between machined titanium and magnesium titanate. When compared to machined titanium disks, the number of cells was reduced on the magnesium titanate disks at 6 day, while ALPase activity was more pronounced on the magnesium titanate. Enhanced differentiation of cells grown on magnesium titanate samples was indicated by decreased cell proliferation and increased ALPase activity.