• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.175-194
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• 2014

Because the thawing of the Arctic ocean is slowly accelerating due to global warming, recently exploring resources in Arctic ocean and transporting resources by using the North Pole route have been getting spotlight. Since the original route transported by the Suez Canal from Korea to Europe could be shorten about 8,000km in distance(decreased about 38% compared to the original route), which means shortening about 10 voyage dates, it is expected to bring huge logistics cost reduction. Once the North Pole route is commercialized successfully, it would be one of the most important variables that affects future of Busan port and guides for economic development of Busan. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze Busan port and the economic growth of Busan area by researching promising industry, based on the effect of freight transporting by the Northern sea route on the economy of Busan. For this study, questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted for 64 people of experts in the shipping and port industry, relevant government, and academics. The survey finding shows that port logistics industry is a promising business in Busan in terms of its growth and competitiveness. It is necessary to develop feeder network facilities that prepare for commercialization of the Northern sea route as a short and medium term plan and provide professional manpower training in polar regions. Ship supply business would also play an important role. It is identified that revitalization of shipbuilding and ocean plant industry should be done in terms of Arctic business. With regard to the fishery industry it is found that modernization of fishery ship and development of fishery equipment used in polar areas should be carried out.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.14-20
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• 2000

Many pressurization systems are designed and built with the goal of providing a smoke-free escape route in the event of a building fire. A secondary objective is to provide a smoke-free staging area for fire fighters. In the present study, a computer program is developed to calculate pressure loss and flow rate at several building elements such as a room, a ]tabby a staircase and an air supply shaft. By the program as the dosing tool for the pressurization system, the capacity of the injection fan is calculated, and the design method is proposed for the optimization of the fan capacity.

• IE interfaces
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• v.17 no.spc
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• pp.103-110
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• 2004

This paper presents a two-phase method for the vehicle routing problems with time windows(VRPTW). In a supply chain management(SCM) environment, timely distribution is very important problem faced by most industries. The VRPTW is associated with SCM for each customer to be constrained the time of service. In the VRPTW, the objective is to design the least total travel time routes for a fleet of identical capacitated vehicles to service geographically scattered customers with pre-specified service time windows. The proposed approach is based on ant colony optimization(ACO) and improvement heuristic. In the first phase, an insertion based ACO is introduced for the route construction and its solutions is improved by an iterative random local search in the second phase. Experimental results show that the proposed two-phase method obtains very good solutions with respect to total travel time minimization.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.66-72
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• 2015

Recently due to shortage of pilots from aviation developed countries such as America, Japan and etc, not even regional airlines but also major airlines are facing difficulties of pilot shortage. Through statistic data, ICAO and Boeing Company are predicting that roughly 8 thousands of new pilots will be short per year. Therefore, to solve this pilot shortage, countries are searching solutions like reducing air route, and extending regular retirement. This study analyzes domestic pilot supply market and compares systems of pilot training between the domestic system and the system of America and Japan. From the comparison, the study has deducted improvements for the role of domestic certification system, ATO(Approval of Training Organizations) operation, and related organizations including the government.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1859-1870
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• 2009

Suin line is expected to be opened completely in 2015 by three stages. And the line between Suwon and Incheon(54.0km) is under construction to supply the users of southwestern area transportation convenience. The route of Suin line will be constructed to share partly with Ansan line and connect directly with Bundang line to the east and Kyeongin line to the west. That's why a lot of difficulty in train and rolling stock operation IS expected. This paper proposes an alternative plan of train operation when the line is opened partly and completely and makes an optimally alternative plan through the analyses of transportation demand, the change of human resources of operation sector according to train operation plan by an alternative proposal and operation cost.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2003

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for economic design of multi-stage distribution system that consists of factory, central distribution centers, local distribution centers and retailers. The retailers are supplied products from different stage suppliers according to order size. The retailers are supplied products from factory if demand amount is large, central distribution center if medium, local distribution center if small. The economic design is to determine the economic size of facility factors that consist of distribution system. The cost factors are transportation cost from supply places to demand places, handling cost at distribution centers and inventory holding cost at retailers. It is to determine the transportation route of each retailer, the size and number of the vehicle at factory and distribution centers, the handling amount at distribution centers in order to minimize the total costs. The mathematical model is represented, the solution procedure is developed, and a numerical example is shown.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.414-423
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• 2002

Keep pace with economic development, the quality of transportation means such as railway, road, harbors has changed and those changes have affected to economic activities. It means that economic development and the changes of transportation quality have an inter-systemic relationship. So to speak, transportation means are major factor of national economic activities to implement economic and consumption activities by promoting supply of goods through the network between regions and industries. Currently, it is needed to connect railway and road between South and North Korea due to the economic cooperation of two sides and meeting of separated families based on the peacemaking mood. Moreover, to connect to T.C.R. and T.S.R. route will contribute to save time and cost of transporting freight to Europe comparing with shipping when South-North railway is connected. The possibility and method of connecting railway between South and North Korea will be introduced in this paper.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1601-1614
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• 2021

To overcome the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination campaigns are the highest priority of majority of countries. Limited supply and worldwide disproportionate availability issues for the approved vaccines, together with concerns about rare side-effects have recently initiated the switch to heterologous vaccination, commonly known as mixing of vaccines. The COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in the general population. However, none of the vaccines is 100% efficacious or effective, with variants posing more challenges, resulting in breakthrough cases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of immune responses to variants of concern (VOC) and breakthrough infections. Furthermore, we discuss the scope of heterologous vaccination and future strategies to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic, including fractionation of vaccine doses and alternative route of vaccination.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.67-72
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• 2022

A wireless sensor network (WSN), with its constrained sensor node energy supply, needs an energy-efficient routing technique that maximises overall system performance. When rumours are routed using a random-walk routing algorithm, which is not highly scalable, spiral pathways may appear. Because humans think a straight line is the quickest route between two sites and two straight lines in a plane are likely to intersect, straight-line routing (SLR) constructs a straight path without the aid of geographic information. This protocol was developed for WSNs. As a result, sensor nodes in WSNs use less energy when using SLR. Using comprehensive simulation data, we show that our upgraded SLR systems outperform rumour routing in terms of performance and energy conservation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.563-573
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• 2000

Periodic outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) caused by velogenic viscerotropic ND virus (vvNDV) has become a major concern in Korea nowadays. Throughout last epidemic, the winter season in 2000, most chicken flocks infected early, under 2-4 weeks of age, showed high mortality up to 50-100%. Serum samples collected from 201 breeder, 284 layer and 112 broiler chicken flocks were examined to evaluate the efficacy of various vaccination methods and programs routinely used for mass vaccination in the field poultry farms. Despite repeated live vaccination, most poultry flocks vaccinated by drinking water route using nipple water supply system failed to produce solid active immune response to NDV during the growing time. In the present study, we applied the spray vaccination technique using Ulvavac or Desvac sprayer to the experimental poultry flocks and examined the efficacy of live vaccination effects induced by it under field condition. Measurable antibody to NDV as well as early protection against vvNDV challenge were found in poultry flocks vaccinated by spray route. Further, we did not found significant post vaccination reactions caused by spray vaccination if properly administered. These data indicate that the spray vaccination will be safe and reliable mass vaccination method for the prevention of ND.