• Title/Summary/Keyword: Supply Reserve

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Development of a Method for the Generator Maintenance Scheduling using Fuzzy Integer Programming (퍼지 정수계회법을 이용한 발전기 보수유지계획 수립 수법의개발)

  • 최재석;도대호
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.77-85
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    • 1997
  • A new technique using integer programming based on fuzzy multi-criteria function is proposed for generator maintenance scheduling. Minimization of maintenance delay cost and maximization of supply reserve power are considered for fuzzy multi-criteria function To obtain an optimal solution for gen- ,:rator maintenance scheduling under fuzzy environment, fuzzy multi-criteria integer programming is )used. In the maintenance scheduling, a characteristic feature of the presented approach is that the crisp conaitraints with uncertainty can be taken into account by using fuzzy set theory and so more flexible solution Ian he obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by the simulation results.

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Vulnerability AssessmentunderClimateChange and National Water Management Strategy

  • Koontanakulvong, Sucharit;Suthinon, Pongsak
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.204-204
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    • 2016
  • Thailand had set the National Water Management Strategy which covered main six areas in the next 12 years, i.e., by priority: (1) water for household, (2) water for agricultural and industrial production, (3) water for flood and drought management, (4) water for quality issue, (5) water from forest conservation and soil erosion protection, (6) water resources management. However due to the climate change impact, there is a question for all strategies is whether to complete this mission under future climate change. If the impact affects our target, we have to clarify how to mitigate or to adapt with it. Vulnerability assessment was conducted under the framework of ADB's (with the parameters of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) and the assessments were classified into groups due to their different characteristic and the framework of the National Water Management Strategy, i.e., water supply (rural and urban), water for development (agriculture and others), water disasters (floods (flash, overflow), drought, water quality). The assessments identified the parameters concerned and weight factors used for each groups via expert group discussions and by using GIS mapping technology, the vulnerability maps were produced. The maps were verified with present water situation data (floods, drought, water quality). From the analysis result of this water resources management strategy, we found that 30% of all projects face the big impacts, 40% with low impact, and 30% for no impact. It is clear that water-related agencies have to carefully take care approximately 70% of future projects to meet water resources management strategy. It is recommended that additional issues should be addressed to mitigate the impact from climate risk on water resource management of the country, i.e., water resources management under new risk based on development scenarios, relationship with area-based problems, priority definition by viewpoints of risk, vulnerability (impact and occurrence probability in past and future), water management system in emergency case and water reserve system, use of information, knowledge and technology in management, network cooperation and exchange of experiences, knowledge, technique for sustainable development with mitigation and adaptation, education and communication systems in risk, new impact, and emergency-reserve system. These issues will be described and discussed.

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A Study on Improvement of Operation Characteristics and Inspection Method of Standby Power Supply such as Emergency Induction Light using Li-ion Capacitor (리튬이온커패시터를 활용한 비상유도등 예비전원장치의 동작 특성 및 점검방법 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Jun-Chea
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.392-401
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: This study analyzes the operating characteristics of a lithium ion capacitor that can be used as a standby power supply in an emergency, and determines whether the standby power supply is abnormal even by measuring the voltage using a linear proportionality characteristic during charging and discharging. The aim is to provide an experimental basis that can be done. Method: As a method for this study, first, analyze the operation principle and characteristics of the existing backup power supply and lithium ion capacitor, and then measure the voltage of the lithium ion capacitor according to the configuration and system block diagram of the induction lamp used in the experiment. We proceed with the test of the measured value of discharge power for each voltage band to check the amount of power held by the battery and the operation test experiment using induction lamps. Results: Just by checking the charging voltage using the linear proportional characteristics of lithium ion capacitors, it provides a basis for accurately inferring the effective operating time of induction lamp lamps. Conclusion: In the event of a disaster, the lithium ion capacitor is used as a spare power supply for emergency induction lamps to prevent complete discharge of emergency induction lamps, to prevent the problem of performing normal operation of the standby power supply, and to use only a simple voltage measurement to reserve power. It was intended to suggest many uses for evacuation equipment application in the future by making it possible to check whether the device is abnormal.

Matter dynamics with respect to influences of C3 and C4 plants in four subtropical grasslands of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, India

  • Paulsamy, Subramanium;Kil, Bong-Soup;Sivashanmugam, Munusamy
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.259-267
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    • 2012
  • Biomass changes, net primary production and transfer dynamics of dry matter in four subtropical humid montane grasslands at Ebbenadu, Korakundah, Thiashola and Wenlockdown in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), the Western Ghats, India, were investigated. Despite the early report of a higher density and dominance of $C_4$ species over $C_3$ species in these grasslands, no functional study of matter production had previously been carried out. Therefore, in order to determine the roles played by these two groups of species, the present study was attempted. The study revealed that the dry matter and net primary production contributed by $C_4$ species were much greater than those of its $C_3$ counterpart in all the grasslands. The turnover rate of aboveground dry matter for both $C_3$ and $C_4$ species was generally rapid, whereas it was slow for belowground parts, and litter components of $C_3$ and $C_4$ species together. In all grasslands, generally about 60% and 10% of the input were channeled to aboveground and belowground parts, respectively, by the $C_4$ species, whereas the $C_3$ species transferred only about 22% and 8% of dry matter to aboveground and belowground parts, respectively. The total disappearance of dry matter was 2.73, 2.10, 3.19, and $1.96\;g\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ in Ebbenadu, Korakundah, Thiashola and Wenlockdown grasslands, which was 48.83%, 44.30%, 54.81%, and 41.09% of the total input, respectively, in these grasslands. This resulted in a considerable surplus dry matter production in all the grasslands studied. This balance sheet of dry matter in community function indicates that all the four studied grasslands were supporting the existing wild animals adequately in terms of pasture supply. The study further revealed that the stronger establishment of $C_4$ species rather than their $C_3$ counterparts, in terms of higher density and dominance, has driven them to play major roles in matter dynamics and system transfer functions in all the four grasslands studied. This fact evidenced that pasture from $C_4$ species for wild animals was determined to be higher in comparison to that of $C_3$ species.

A Research on transmission energy and data using induced electromotive force of coil (코일의 유도기전력을 이용한 에너지 및 데이터 전송방법에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Hee-Chur;Seo, Jung-Hwa;Kim, Kyoung-Rok;Kim, Myung-Hyun;Koo, Ja-Chun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.17 no.7
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    • pp.607-615
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    • 2016
  • This study concerns the transmission of energy and data using induced electromotive force. Due to the requirements of weapon systems, most arms are kept in an armory for a very long time before being used. During this time, the reserve battery, which serves mostly as a power supply for the electronic fuze, can be degraded, thus causing problems when it is actually needed. We attempt to solve the various problems associated with the old fuze system caused by long-term storage by using the 'induction power' transmitted from another device just before its operation, instead of using 'built-in power'. We tried to find the best carrier frequency to communicate with the system by induced electromotive force. Also, we changed the communication method for transmitting the 'induction power' from 'FM/AM modulation' to 'Duty ratio modulation', which can transmit a large amount of data in a short time. Through experiments, it was demonstrated that the induction coil can replace the reserve fuze's battery without any problem, thus confirming the possibility of using an induction coil as the power supply source of the electronic fuze.

A Modified EGEAS Model with Avoided Cost and the Optimization of Generation Expansion Plan (회피비용을 고려한 EGEAS 모형 개발과 전원개발계획의 최적화)

  • 이재관;홍성의
    • Korean Management Science Review
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.117-134
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    • 2000
  • Pubilc utility industries including the electric utility industry are facing a new stream of privatization com-petition with the private sector and deregulation. The necewssity to solve now and in the future power supply and demand problems has been increasing through the sophisticated generation expansion plan(GEP) approach con-sidering not only KEPCo's supply-side resources but also outside resources such as non-utility generation(NUG) demand-side management (DSM). Under the environmental situation in the current electric utility industry a new approach is needed to acquire multiple resources competitively. This study presents the development of a modified electric generation expansion analysis system(EGEAS) model with avoided cost based on the existing EGEAS model which is a dynamic program to develope an optimal generation expansion plan for the electric utility. We are trying to find optimal GEP in Korea's case using our modified model and observe the difference for the level of reliabilities such as the reserve margin(RM) loss of load probability(LOLP) and expected unserved energy percent(EUEP) between the existing EGEAS model and our model. In addition we are trying to calculate avoided cost for NUG resources which is a criterion to evaluate herem and test possibility of connection calculation of avoided cost with GEP implementation using our modified model. The results of our case study are as follows. First we were able to find that the generation expansion plan and reliability measures were largely influenced by capacity size and loading status of NUG resources, Second we were able to find that avoided cost which are criteria to evaluate NUG resources could be calculated by using our modified EGEAS model with avoided cost. We also note that avoided costs were calculated by our model in connection with generation expansion plans.

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Comparison of Power Consumption Prediction Scheme Based on Artificial Intelligence (인공지능 기반 전력량예측 기법의 비교)

  • Lee, Dong-Gu;Sun, Young-Ghyu;Kim, Soo-Hyun;Sim, Issac;Hwang, Yu-Min;Kim, Jin-Young
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.161-167
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    • 2019
  • Recently, demand forecasting techniques have been actively studied due to interest in stable power supply with surging power demand, and increase in spread of smart meters that enable real-time power measurement. In this study, we proceeded the deep learning prediction model experiments which learns actual measured power usage data of home and outputs the forecasting result. And we proceeded pre-processing with moving average method. The predicted value made by the model is evaluated with the actual measured data. Through this forecasting, it is possible to lower the power supply reserve ratio and reduce the waste of the unused power. In this paper, we conducted experiments on three types of networks: Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and we evaluate the results of each scheme. Evaluation is conducted with following method: MSE(Mean Squared Error) method and MAE(Mean Absolute Error).

The Transition of Production, Consumption and Price of Non-ferrous Metals (비철금속(非鐵金屬)의 생산(生産), 소비(消費), 시세(時勢)의 추이(推移))

  • Moon, W.J.
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 1969
  • In considering the mining industry, it is necessary to study the production, consumption and price of ore and metals in every country of the world in order to determine the trend of the industry in the present and for the future. This study is necessary especially for exporting domestically produced are which is in excess of domestic consumption and for importing are, or metal where local production does not meet domestic demand. It will be treated of Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, W, Mo, which are the most important non-ferrous metals, and which greatly affect the mining industry of Korea. The presentation will concern itself only with the free world. About 1, 200 ton of gold are produced annually with little fluctiation in recent years. Most of the gold produced is consumed by advanced countries for industrial uses as well as for producing precious objects. The U.S.A. expends yearly about four times its domestic production and Japan about three times its domestic production for industry and arts. Because of the instability of the currency of the U.S.A., England and France, recently, the price of gold has been $ 41-42 per ounce, whereas the official price is $35.00 per ounce. It will be expected that the official price will be raised in the near future. As for silver, about 6,500 tons are produced annually with no special fluctuation change in recent years. However, the annual consumption is about 14,000 ton, so the supply and demand is extremely unbalanced. The shortage is made up by the sale of the U.S. treasury's reserve stock and the reclaiminig of silver from coins and other scrap. As the Treasury'S reserves will be exhausted in a year or two, the price of silver which is $1. 64 per ounce, will go up drastically in about a year. As for copper, 5,257,000 ton's were mined in 1966. It's production is being increased about 5% annually. However, consumption exceeds production by about 100,000 ton a year. The recent Foreign refinery copper price in the U.S.A is $ 60 per pound. The supply of copper being insufficient to meet international demands, the price will go up and with no prospect of being lowered in the near future even with the slight annual increase in production. About 2,100,000 to 2,200,000 tons of lead are produced annually. Consumption exceeds production by about 50,000-60,000 tons annually. The current price of lead in New York is $ 155 per pound. As the supply of lead is internationally stable, It will be believed that there will be no significant change in its price in the near future. In 1967, 3,926,000 tons of Zinc were produced. There is annual increase of 4-7% in production. The annual consumption exceeds production by 100,000 to 200,000 tons. The current zinc price in the St. Louis market inthe U.S.A. is $ 145 per pound. Even though its supply is stable and sufficient world wide, the consumption rate will increase at a faster pace than before; hence, the price will slowly go up. Tungsten mines yield about 11,000 tons a year. Its production has been relatively constant in the past few years. The amount of its consumption increases slowly world wide, but in the free world· there has been a slight annual decrease. However, since Red China has not been exporting their tungsten to other countries for several months, the price on the London market of S.T.U. of $Wo_3$ has increased to $ 44~46. Should Red China begin to export actively again the price will drop to $ 40~42. In 1967, 56,000 tons of Molybdenum were produced. Production exceeds consumption by 200,000 -30,000 tons annually. The current price in the U.S.A. is $ 1.72 per Mo pound. Since the rate of production in the U.S.A. is on the increase with large amounts of ore reserve, the price of molubdenum should not go up.

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A Study on Output Monitoring of Green Roof Integrated PV System through Surface Temperature Algorithm (표면온도 알고리즘을 통한 옥상녹화통합형 태양광시스템의 출력 모니터링 연구)

  • Kim, Tae-Han;Park, Sang-Yeon
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2015
  • The centralized power supply system and rainwater treatment system, which are major infrastructure in modern cities, are showing their limitations in accommodating environment load due to climate changes that has aggravated recently. As a result, complex issues such as shortage of reserve power and urban flooding have emerged. As a single solution, decentralized systems such as a model integrating photovoltaic system and rooftop greening system are suggested. When these two systems are integrated and applied together, the synergy effect is expected as the rooftop greening has an effect of preventing urban flooding by controlling peak outflow and also reduces ambient temperature and thus the surface temperature of solar cells is lowered and power generation efficiency is improved. This study aims to compare and analyze the monitoring results of four algorithms that define correlations between micro-climate variables around rooftop greening and the surface temperature of solar cells and generate their significance. By doing so, this study seeks to present an effective algorithm that can estimate the surface temperature of solar cell that has direct impact on the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation by observing climate variables.

An Exploratory Treatise on Jay-customers Behavior in the Banking Industry in India: A Dyadic Perspective

  • Potluri, Rajasekhara Mouly;Potluri, Lohith Sekhar
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.79-86
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this research is to examine reasons and evaluate strategies implemented by the Indian banking industry in tackling jay-customers in general and in light of the recent demonetization in particular. After a thorough germane literature and theoretical framework on jay-customers and Indian banking industry, researchers framed a well-structured questionnaire for collecting banking employees opinions along with a set of questions framed to conduct in-depth personal interviews with banking customers. The collected data were summarized, coded, and controlled by using Software R and the selected hypotheses were analyzed by the observance of percentile values. More than 90 percent of banking employees said lack of proper supply of cash from the Reserve Bank of India is the major reason for this kind of customer behaviour and shockingly 95 percent of banking customers expressed backdoor preference given by banking employees to some big customers is the major reason. The research confined only two state capitals Amaravati and Bangalore in India and covered only two largest banks one in public and private sector. The research provides useful insight into the crucial reasons for jay-customers' behaviour from the dyadic perspective of both employees and customers of the Indian banking industry.