• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.234-234
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• 2017

Recent abnormal weather, especially continued rainfall during sowing season causes difficulty in proper sowing of wheat and delayed sowing after November 15 is concerned about freezing damage during winter, resulting in reduction of wheat yield. To correspond government policy of crop sufficiency improvement and produce and supply raw wheat and barley steadily, expansion of cultivation area is necessary and spring sowing of wheat is required. To obtain basic information on the improvement of spring sown wheat and barley production, comparison and path coefficients analysis was conducted for yield and yield related components from autumn and spring sown wheat and barley. Path analyses were known as very useful in clarifying the effects of yield components on grain yield formation, which were not accurately reflected in simple correlation anaylses. Most cultivated 5 wheat and 9 barley cultivars were sown on October and February at Cheon-ju province according to standard sowing method. For the spring sowing of wheat and barley, the varieties having vernalization degree I~III are seeded in the mid of February and seeding rate is 200~250kg/ha which is increased by 25% than autumn sowing. N-fertilizer of 95 kg/ha and the same amount of P, K dressed in autumn are applied at once as basal fertilizer. The magnitude of direct effect in each yield components on yield was in sequence as follows. In autumn wheat, grain number per $spike{\geq}$ the number of spike per $m^2$>1000-grain weight and in spring wheat, grain number per $ spike{\geq}the$ number of spike per $m^2$> 1000-grain weight. In autumn naked barley, 1000-grain weight> the number of spike per $m^2$, grain number per spike and in spring barely, the number of spike per $m^2$> grain number per spike > 1000-grain weight. In autumn covered barley, grain number per spike>the number of spike per $m^2$ and in spring coverd barley, the number of spike per $m^2$> grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight. In autumn malt barley, the number of spike per $m^2$>1000-grain weight and in spring malt barley, the direct effects of three yield components were similar. According to the path analysis of yield components for spring sown wheat and barley, it was suggested that adequate number of spike per $m^2$ was most important factor for yield increase.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

Since 1960's along with industrialization and urbanization, economic growth has been . achieved, however, at the same time, environmental condition has been seriously deteriorated. . Currently, volume of wastewater has been increasing at annual rate of 7% in sewage and 20% in industrial wastewater. However, the nation's sewage treatment serves only 33% of the municipal wastewater as of 1991. Major portion of air pollutants comes from combustion of oil and coal which comprise 81% of total energy use and emission gases from motor vehicles increasing at an accelerated rate. It is known that Korea generates the highest amount of waste per capta. Nevertheless, it is not sufficient to reduce the volume of waste by means of resources recovery and recycling. Recognizing the importance of global environmental problems such as ozone layer depletion, global warming and acid rain, international society has been making various efforts since the 1972 Stockholm conference. In particular, it is expected that the Rio conference which has adopted the Rio declaration and Agenda 21 will form a crucial turning point of the emerging new world order after the Cold War confrontation. To cope with such issues as domestic pollution and global environmental problems, the fundamental national policy aims at harmonizing "environmental protection and sustainable development". The Ministry of Environment has recently set up a mid-term comprehensive plan which includes annual targets for environmental protection. According to the government plan, gradual improvement of various environmental conditions and specific measures to achieve them is planned in time frame. Additional sewage treatment plants will be constructed in urban areas with the target to treat 65% of the nation's municipal sewage by 1996. Supply of clean fuels such as LNG will also be expanded starting from large cities as a cleaner substitute energy for coal and oil. In parallel with expansion of LNG, emphasis will be placed on installation of stack monitoring system. Due to the relatively limited land, government's basic policy for solid waste treatment is to develop large scale landfill facilities rather than small sized ones. Thirty three regional areas have been designated for the purpose of waste management. For each of these regions, big scale landfill site is going to be developed. To increase the rate of waste recycling the government is planning to reinforce separate collection system and to provide industries with economic incentives. As a part of meeting the changing situation on global environmental problems after UNCED, and accommodation regulatory measures stipulated in the global environmental conventions and protocols, national policy will try to alter industrial and economic structure so as to mitigate the increasing trends of energy consumption, by encouraging energy conservation and efficiency. In this regard, more attention will be given to the policy on the development of the cleaner technology. Ultimately, these policies and programs will contribute greatly to improving the current state of national public health.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to seek various plans to maintain the advancement of the overseas and domestic employment scenario through a case analysis of the Japanese industry, which maintains domestic employment while promoting the overseas advancement of companies despite having a similar industrial structure as Korea. The study further intends to derive insightful implications for Japanese manufacturing companies and government policies. Research design, data, and methodology - We selected four companies from the Japanese manufacturing industry. Being companies that were successful in increasing the domestic employment scenario while advancing in overseas markets. We utilized several secondary data sources including Japanese newspapers and report literature. Results - Previous studies have shown a negative relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or offshoring and domestic employment. However, our results showed this relationship with respect to the Japanese manufacturing industry as follows: 1. FDI for developing overseas markets does not decrease domestic production. If Japanese companies change their strategy from exports to overseas production, there will be a consequent decrease in domestic employment of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). However, the local production that plans the sales expansion of a foreign market does not substitute domestic production. 2. Several case studies illustrate that, as the production of final goods is expanded in foreign countries, there is a corresponding increase in the export of intermediary goods from Japan. In this case, if the production process of Japanese companies is promoted in foreign markets, the amount of exported material and parts from Japan will consequently increase. 3. It is difficult to consider that the establishment of subsidiary companies in foreign countries by manufacturing companies for wholesale, retail, and services decreases domestic employment. This is because the international development of these industries needs expatriates, expatriate training organizations, and research and development (R&D) activities. 4. When there is overseas demand, the growth of local management activities is expected to increase the work of the overseas business department in the head office in Japan, if competitiveness can be secured for better localization and management speed. 5. The conversion of the domestic manufacturing industry into high value-added production is necessary. The relocation of domestic production to foreign markets decreases domestic employment. To prevent this, the upgradation of domestic production bases, including high value-added production, and R&D capability need to be strengthened. Technology-based companies must develop new technology, patents, processes, and so forth, which require extensive human resources for R&D. Conclusions - Domestic medium-sized companies that are capable of consistently supplying high value-added products should be actively encouraged to deploy into and develop overseas markets. Further, this paper considers the necessity of a guidance policy that provides suggestions for overseas deployment, by the initiation of the government, to companies that cannot do so due to the lack of foreign experience or decisions by the CEO, despite having the relevant capability and technologies to supply high value-added products.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2017

Nepal is a landlocked mountainous country in South Asia, located between China to the north and India to the south, east, and west. As such, wastewater management has become one of the most significant problems in urban area of Nepal. In Nepal, the centralized wastewater treatment systems were dysfunctional due to high cost of operation, discontinuous power supply, lack of proper maintenance and proper technical workforce to address the issues. As such, constructed wetlands (CW) were applied to treat various secondary wastewater as alternative to wastewater treatment facilities. Generally, efficiency and sustainability of CW technology depends on proper operation and maintenance and active community involvement. This study summarizes information about 26 CW in Nepal. Specifically, factors including data banking, removal efficiency, quality of discharged water, compliance to water quality standard of Nepal and operation and maintenance were investigated. Considering removal efficiency per pollutant, Ka-1 achieved the greatest reduction for most pollutant followed by B-1, L-3, Ka-5 and K-1. Nepal has practiced CW technology for more than 2 decades but currently, development of technology was interrupted by the inefficient performance of existing facilities. Public awareness about the technology, natural disaster, unavailability of specified substrate materials, lack of fund for further research and experiments has hindered the expansion of technology. In spite of these concerns, CW was still proven as an alternative solution to the present wastewater problems in urban areas of Nepal.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.27-52
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• 2014

The employment prospects of graduates in the Library and Information academic has largely concentrated in the field of librarianship as well as the curriculum of the academic itself. Since there are limitations in increasing the number of libraries and the available posts in the librarianship, the full-time jobs in the field are also limited. Even for the available posts in the field of librarianship, the majority is in contract based posts which does not guarantee a good working environment. The purpose of this research is to make policy implications to improve the employment rates of librarians. The main research methods include literature review of the previous studies and available statistical data, and a questionnaire targeting students and librarians. The targeting policy implications can be categorized into 4 factors, including, as supply side, improvements in the qualification of librarian certificate, in training for librarians, and as demand side, laws on library employment, and improvement of library services for co-operatives. There are 15 detailed strategies to support the 4 factors. For the improvement of strategies in library related laws, the following elements will be considered; supporting system for temporary jobs, the title of librarian post and the library itself, and librarian placement criteria in terms of its realization and mandatory, and obligations in library evaluation. The Council discussions propose the expansion of librarian award system, provision of information systems for librarian jobs, and developments in promotional materials and their deployment for librarians.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.85-95
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• 2015

PURPOSES : Recently, bonded concrete overlay has been used as an alternative solution in concrete pavement rehabilitation since its material properties are similar to those of the existing concrete pavements. Deteriorated concrete pavements need rapid rehabilitation in order to prevent traffic jams on Korean expressways. Moreover, speedy and effective repair methods are required. Therefore, the use of bonded concrete overlay with ultra-rapid hardening cement has increased in an effort to reopen promptly the expressways in Korea. However, mobile mixer is required for ultra-rapid hardening cement concrete mixing in the construction site. The use of mobile mixer causes various disadvantages aforementioned such as limitation of the construction supply, open-air storage of mixing materials, increase in construction cost, and etc. In this study, therefore, hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete produced in concrete plant is attempted in order to avoid the disadvantages of existing bonded concrete overlay method using ultra-rapid hardening cement. METHODS : Bonded concrete overlay materials using ultra-rapid hardening cement should be meet all the requirements including structural characteristics, compatibility, durability for field application. Therefore, This study aimed to evaluate the application of hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete by evaluating structural characteristics, compatibility, durability and economic efficiency for bonded concrete overlay. RESULTS : Test results of structural characteristics showed that the compressive, flexural strength and bond strength were exceed 21MPa, 3.15MPa and 1.4MPa, respectively, which are the target strengths of four hours age for the purpose of prompt traffic reopening. In addition, tests of compatibility, such as drying shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity, and durability (chloride ions penetration resistance, freezing-thawing resistance, scaling resistance, abrasion resistance and crack resistance), showed that the hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete were satisfied the required criteria. CONCLUSIONS : It was known that the hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete overlay method was applicable for bonded concrete overlay and was a good alternative method to substitute the existing bonded concrete overlay method since structural characteristics, compatibility, durability were satisfied the criteria and its economic efficiency was excellent compare to the existing bonded concrete overlay methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.11-23
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the ecological characteristics and biological interactions between species of the abandoned rice paddy field in mountainous areas and to suggest a management strategy for stable food chain formation and biodiversity enhancement. The study site is located in Uldae wetland of Songchu district Bukhansan National Park, site characteristics and biological habitat characteristics were identified through site survey and literature survey. With regard to physical environment, among geographical features, the Uldae Wetland and the neighborhood inside the basin was a gently sloping area($5{\sim}15^{\circ}$). And 64.0% of basin faced the north. With regard to water environment, the Uldae Wetland was wetland of rainfed paddy field depending on precipitation and the system of stream flowing into the wetland from valley. According to the results of examining flora in plant ecology, in general, they were herbaceous wetland species. 88.6% of existing plants inside the Uldae Wetland basin was a forest in the mountain. And Quercus spp. community and Pinus densiflora community accounted for 64.6% of that, and was dominant. Except for that, Salix koreensis community was distributed. The existing vegetation of Uldae Wetland inhabited wetland species and terrestrialization indicator species, and it was thought that partial terrestrialization inside the Uldae Wetland was in progress after the discontinuation of paddy cultivation, such as the expansion of Salix koreensis distribution area. In the status of appearing faunae in the Uldae Wetland with regard to wildbirds of appearing principal species, The Uldae wetland was based on a abandoned rice paddy field various wildlife, and was a wildlife feeding, spawning, and resting place. The water environment was an important factor in maintaining the wetland living creatures function, habitat of waterbirds and benthic macroinvertebrates, amphibians and odonate are spawning ground and habitat, it was affecting the vegetation ecosystem based on wetlands. In order to maintain the diversity of wildlife, it was important to maintain smooth water supply and water level. A stable food chain will be formed and the Uldae wetland biodiversity will be abundant by establishing the relationship between the species of Uldae wetland, which is abandoned rice paddy field, and the habitat environment favored by species belonging to the ecosystem stepwise linkage. The ecological characteristics of the Uldae wetlands and the relation between the species were analyzed and the environmental conditions were reflected in the planning and management plan of Uldae wetland ecology.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.70
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• pp.159-179
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• 2016

Companies do not be resolved by the FTA services of external aid should be operational by assigning dedicated personnel inside the company. FTA is a choice, not an essential trade agreement requirements. If the exporter contracts to provide a certificate of origin in trade agreements, it shall issue a certificate of origin of goods originating management is performed. When considering the future trend of spreading wide FTA, it should be extended to one year to take advantage of the FTA Certificate of Origin environments utilizing a comprehensive environment for regional countries that require proof of origin between certain countries, such as current. FTA utilization of the future is to utilize the GVC(Global Value Chain) efficiently. In other words, the expansion of the consumer market and take advantage of an efficient production base across borders. These environmental changes are needed development of the FTA utilization promotion and FTA experts. The experts studying how to procure raw materials or intermediate goods exports in a variety of regional foreign countries, to meet the rules of origin is required for a successful FTA utilization. One of the objectives of Origin managers are qualified experts in the country of origin can take advantage of the FTA plan. Therefore, managers of origin shall collect their ability to expand the understanding and information about the industry as an international business perspective beyond the Certificate of Origin. In addition, it should be in their best learning expertise for the introduction and development of country of origin control system in an effort to effectively perform its international FTA utilization. Once the FTA is more widespread in the future and build a common origin information it must not be disconnected until the export enterprises from terminal manufacturers systematically. Therefore origin management is preferred by expanding the knowledge base of teaching and learning in the common sense to the universal subject of specialization from professional schools to promote the relevant departments so that they can be opened in a college or university. An FTA hub linking East and West, also need the confidence that in order to become a center of Glabal Supply Chain Using an FTA Certificate of Origin and stable environment for importers to import products from the country offers. Certificate of Origin and all of them thoroughly exporters and companies related to the administration of origin and should create an atmosphere that can effectively respond to the origin verification. Korea shall endeavor to elicit a geopolitical value (FTA Hub), as well as securing a competitive advantage in the global industry leverage, trading at a reasonable price competitive products thereby enhancing production and economic growth through the FTA.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2018

SMEs need a strategy to respond to rapid changes in the global business environment of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In order to overcome such a business environment, SMEs must concentrate on the core competency. Because of the structural characteristics of SMEs, government support is very important, as it is difficult for SMEs to carry out the entire supply chain role. The support of GRIs is very important for ensuring competitiveness through technological innovation of SMEs. Recently, the construction of SMEs network for business expansion is demanded. SMEs can form networks to induce synergistic effects. In order to secure the competitiveness of SMEs by utilizing the advantages of mutually cooperating networks, the necessity of cooperation of SMEs is increasing. The government has proposed various support programs to support network cooperation. In this research, in order to derive an effective strategy of the SME support program, we analyzed the difference in necessity and satisfaction of the GRIs support program. We analyze the differences between government policies and perceptions for SMEs and to derive strategies for supporting SMEs in a systematic approach for the development of SMEs. In a situation where research to revitalize SMEs is insufficient, in consideration of the market demand of SMEs, we grasp the problems of the current system and try to guide improvement strategies. Also, we suggest policies that can derive and utilize support strategies for SMEs. From a long-term perspective, research related SMEs must be conducted and a sustainable support program for SMEs must be developed.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.313-331
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• 2011

Due to have been more keen in East-North Asia Hub Port competition, to be accelerated Busan New Port development, and to result to supply excess position, Busan port has been confronted by many problems. Also, as facilities of North Port is old, it is impossible to secure 16m depth of water at North Port, and North Port redevelopment is being, container traffic of North Port is accelerated to shift at New Port. Therefore, it. is time to seek for connection growth plan of succeeding together-Busan North & New Port as soon as possible. Connection growth plan of succeeding together-Busan North & New Port is focused, as follows. First, it is required to set up model for connection growth plan of succeeding together-Busan North & New Port. It is valid to specialize for ULCC, to promote to global port at New Port, and it is effective to focus on feeder service and general cargo handling, and to include most space to North Port redevelopment. Second, through port function reorganization, it is required to create a synergy by port function clustering. Third, through effective connection traffic network expansion for moving T/S cargo effectively, it is required to develop Busan Port for T/S cargo-focused port. Fourth, it is required to develop port hinterland logistics zone for creating container traffic through connection development of New Port-BJFEZ. Finally, it is required to build SCM system for creating container traffic among shipper, carrier, freight forwarder and related institution.