• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.153-156
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to evaluate on the properties of fresh and hardened high-performance concrete(HPC) incorporating high-reactivity metakaolin(HRM). Setting time, heat of hydration, compressive strength, resistance to chloride-ion penetration, and repeated freezing and thawing test were carried out in order to investigate the properties of fresh and hardened state concrete. The properties of the HRM concrete were also compared with those of the portland cement concrete and silica fume(SF) concrete. The laboratory test results indicate that HRM material can be used as a supplementary cementitious material to produce high-performance concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.277-280
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is for the active use of the fly ash, which is a by-product of the combustion pulverizes coal thermal power plants, to compensate for the lack of landfill and for conservation of energy, by using fly ash as the supplementary cementitious material, and to prove its possibility as the related products of the cement. First of all, we examined strength development of Micro grinding fly ash by elevating its fineness and using $Na_{2}SO_{4}$ as an activator to elevate pozzolanic reaction of fly ash. Following fly ash replacement ratio and curing temperature we hope to prove its properties to suggest its possibility in the concrete and cement industry. In case of water curing, the more fineness and higher annexing of activator is, the higher strength is, and the higher curing temperature is the more pozzolanic reaction happens.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2001년도 학술논문발표회
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• pp.82-87
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is for the active use of the fly ash, which is a by-product of the combustion pulverizes coal thermal power plants, to compensate for the lack of landfill and for conservation of energy, by using fly ash as the supplementary cementitious material, and to prove its possibility as the related products of the cement. First of all, the ordinary fly ash is grinded in a special method and its fineness is controlled from 6000$\textrm{cm}^2$/g to 8000$\textrm{cm}^2$/g, then replaced it with the 10% to 80% of the cement mortar in order to test physics characteristics. The first experiment conducts on the strength development in fly ash replacing content and fineness. and the changes of the flow values, incorporating fly ash into cement. The second one is about the slow development of the strength of the fly ash mortar in early ages, and improves its strength with the activator $Na_{2}SO_{4}$, using high volume fly ash.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2002

본 연구는 고반응성 메타카올린(HRM)을 혼입한 고성능 콘크리트(HPC)의 굳지 않은 콘크리트와 경화된 콘크리트의 특성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 굳지 않은 콘크리트에 대해서는 공기량과 슬럼프 플로우, 응결시간 및 수화열 측정 시험을 실시하였다. 경화된 콘크리트에 대해서는 압축강도 및 염화물 투수시험, 마모저항성, 동결ㆍ응해 저항성 시험을 하였다. HRM 콘크리트의 특성은 또한 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트 콘크리트와 실리카 흄 콘크리트와 비교하여 나타내었다. 실험 결과 HRM 재료가 고성능 콘크리트를 생산하기 위한 시멘트 대체 재료로서 사용할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2017

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) have turned out to be a vital portion of extraordinary strength and performance concrete. Metakaolin (MK) is one of SCM material is acquired by calcinations of kaolinite. Universally utilised as pozzolanic material in concrete to enhance mechanical and durability properties. This study investigates the fresh and hardened properties of conventional concrete (CC) and self compacting concrete (SCC) by partially replacing cement with MK in diverse percentages. In CC and SCC, partial replacement of cement with MK varies from 5-20%. Fresh concrete properties of CC are conducted by slump test and compaction factor tests and for SCC, slump flow, T500, J-Ring, L-Box, V-Funnel and U-Box tests. Hardened concrete characteristics are investigated by compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths at age of 7, 28 and 90 days of curing under water. Carbonation depth, water absorption and density of MK based CC and SCC was also computed. Fresh concrete test results indicated that increase in MK replacement increases workability of concrete in a constant w/b ratio. Also, outcomes reveal that concrete integrating MK had greater compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths. Optimum replacement level of MK for cement was 10%, which increased mechanical properties and robustness properties of concrete.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

In view of the increasing utility of concrete as a construction material, the major challenge is to improve the quality of construction. Nowadays the common problem faced by many of the concrete plants is the shortage of river sand as fine aggregate material. This led to the utilization of locally available materials from quarries as fine aggregate. With the percentage of fines present in Crushed Rock Fines (CRF)or crushed sand is more compared to river sand, it shows a better performance in terms of fresh properties. The present study deals with the formulation of SCC mix design based on the chosen plastic viscosity of the mix and the measured plastic viscosity of cement pastes incorporating supplementary cementitious materials with CRF and river sand as a fine aggregate. Four different combinations including two binary and one ternary mix are adopted for the current study. Influence of plastic viscosity of the mix on the fresh and hardened properties are investigated for SCC mixes with varying water to cement ratios. It is observed that for an increasing plastic viscosity of the mix, slump flow, T500 and J-ring spread increased but V-funnel and L-box decreased. Compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths decreased with the increase in plastic viscosity.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2023

최근 원도심을 대상으로 한 재개발이 이루어짐에 따라 구조물의 대형화 및 초고층화로 인한 인접 위치에서의 시공 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 밀집화된 도심지에서의 굴착공사는 다양한 원인에 의해 지반 문제가 유발되기 때문에 이를 최소화할 수 있는 재료 및 공법의 활용이 요구되고 있다. 일반적인 흙막이공법으로는 시멘트를 사용하여 지하연속벽, CIP공법 등 다양한 방법이 적용되고 있다. 그러나 흙막이공법의 시공을 위해서는 많은 양의 시멘트가 사용되기 때문에 온실가스 배출량을 획기적으로 감축시키기 위해서는 새로운 시멘트 대체 재료의 개발을 위한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고로슬래그 미분말과 탈황석고 및 고칼슘 플라이애시의 알칼리 자극 반응에 따른 경화반응을 활용하여 SCW공법에 적용하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 개발 고화재를 사용한 고화토의 경우, 재령 28일 압축강도는 OPC 대비 96.2 ~ 106.3%를 확보할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 압축강도 증가율은 사질토의 경우 2.06, 점성토의 경우 2.41로 OPC의 1.85 보다 높은 값을 나타내어 장기강도 측면에서 유리한 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 환경성 측면에서 중금속 용출은 없고, 온실가스 발생량을 획기적으로 감소시킬 수 있어 추가적인 검토가 이루어진다면 SCW공법으로 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.651-658
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• 2017

High-performance concrete, besides aggregate, cement, and water, incorporates supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash and blast furnace slag, and chemical admixture, such as superplasticizer. Hence, it is a highly complex material and modeling its behavior represents a difficult task. This paper presents an evolutionary system for the prediction of high performance concrete strength. The proposed framework blends a recently developed version of genetic programming with a local search method. The resulting system enables us to build a model that produces an accurate estimation of the considered parameter. Experimental results show the suitability of the proposed system for the prediction of concrete strength. The proposed method produces a lower error with respect to the state-of-the art technique. The paper provides two contributions: from the point of view of the high performance concrete strength prediction, a system able to outperform existing state-of-the-art techniques is defined; from the machine learning perspective, this case study shows that including a local searcher in the geometric semantic genetic programming system can speed up the convergence of the search process.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.241-255
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• 2017

Concrete is known to be the most used construction material worldwide. The environmental and economic aspects of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) containing concrete have led research studies to investigate the possibility of incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete. Metakaolin (MK) is one SCM with high pozzolanic reactivity generated throughout the thermal activation of high purity kaolinite clay at a temperature ranging from $500^{\circ}C$ to $800^{\circ}C$. Although many studies have evaluated the effect of MK on mechanical properties of concrete and have reported positive effects, limited articles are considering the effect of MK on durability properties of concrete. Considering the lifetime assessment of concrete structures, the durability of concrete has become of particular interest recently. In the present work, the influences of MK on mechanical and durability properties of concrete mixtures are evaluated. Various experiments such as slump flow test, compressive strength, water permeability, freeze and thaw cycles, rapid chloride penetration and surface resistivity tests were carried out to determine mechanical and durability properties of concretes. Concretes made with the incorporation of MK revealed better mechanical and durability properties compared to control concretes due to combined pozzolanic reactivity and the filler effect of MK.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2020

Fly ash has become an important component of concrete as supplementary cementitious material with the development of concrete technology. To make use of fly ash efficiently, four types of fly ash with particle size distributions that are in conformity with four functions, namely, S.Tsivilis, Andersen, Normal and F distribution, respectively, were prepared. The four particle size distributions as functions of the strength and pore structure of concrete were thereafter constructed and investigated. The results showed that the compressive and flexural strength of concrete with the fly ash that conforming to S.Tsivilis, Normal, F distribution increased by 5-10 MPa and 1-2 MPa, respectively, compared to the reference sample at 28 d. The pore structure of the concrete was improved, in which the total porosity of concrete decreased by 2-5% at 28 d. With regarding to the fly ash with Andersen distribution, it was however not conducive to the strength development of concrete. Regression model based on the grey multiple linear regression theory was proved to be efficient to predict the strength of concrete, according to the characteristic parameters of particle size and pore structure of the fly ash.