• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.279-294
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• 1999

The level-based task learning had an effect on enhancing the math achievement of enrichment and ordinary classes. Besides, the analysis of mathematical attitude change showed that the level-based task learning took effect in the experimental class in every domain, including self-confidence, flexibility, will power, reaction and value, while it made little difference to the comparative class. The findings were as follows in detail. 1. The Outcome of the Achievement Test 1) The Enrichment Class In the first two tests, there were little differences in the enrichment class, But the disparity between the experimental and comparative classes became larger as this study advanced with 4.3 for the third test, 6.4 for the fourth and 6.1 for the fifth. 2) The Ordinary Class In the first to fifth achievement tests, the ordinary class made less difference than the enrichment class did. But there appeared some effect as this study progressed, since the mean grade disparity between the experimental and comparative classes was 2.1 for the first test, 3.5 for the second, 3.9 for the third, 4.4 for the fourth and 6.3 for the fifth. 3) The Supplementary Class The supplementary class showed no big difference in the first two tests. But, like the ordinary class, there was some effect with the lapse of the third 2.9 for the test, 3.2 for the fourth and 4.1 for the fifth. 2. The Change of Mathematical Attitude 1) The Experimental Class The task learning by level had a great deal of effect on the experimental class, as the pre-and post-comparative analyses showed that this class's grades were 5.1 for self-confidence, 10.8 for flexibility, 11.3 for will power, 9.7 for curiosity, 10.9 for reaction and 2.8 for value. 2) The Comparative Class The relative comparison between the comparative class and experimental class revealed that there was a hole effect on the comparative class. 3. The Outcome of Questionnaire Survey 1) They showed a positive reaction, as 40.1% of them answered the level-based task loaming served to raise their achievement, and 48.0% told so-so, and 11.9% replied they weren't helped by it. 2) The results after the experiment were;37.8% of the students say they under- stood practically everything while 12.6% of them say they under stood almost half. 3) The will to learn after the experiment shows dramatic changes between the two classes, The students in the enrichment class showed better will to learn than the students in the ordinary and supplementary classes did.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2004

Farmers need timely information on the nutritional status of their animals and the nutritive value of pastures and supplementary feeds if they are to apply successfully this existing nutritional information. Near infrared reflectance(NIR) spectroscopy has been used over the last forty years to analyse accurately protein, fiber, and other organic components in animal foods. NIR spectroscopy is a rapid, non-destructive, and non-polluting technology. When properly calibrated, NIR spectroscopy is used successfully with both concentrate and forage feeds. NIR methods predict in vitro digestibility accurately and precisely, and can predict in vivo digestibility at least as well as conventional "wet chemistry" methods such as in vivo digestion or the pepsin-cellulase method, and much more rapidly. NIR technology has been applied to the routine monitoring (through analysis of feces samples) of the nutritional status of cattle and other grazing animals. This report reviews the use of near infrared reflectance(NIR) spectroscopy to monitor the nutritive value of animal feeds and the nutritional status of grazing animals.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the service quality of a university-based convenience store on consumer satisfaction, service value, and customer loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - The questionnaire was developed by using the modified and supplementary questions based on the KD-SQS model. We used the SPSS/PC 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 statistical packages to analyze the results. For validating the research hypothesis and the structural relationship of the research model, path analysis was used. Results - The overall results of this study are as follows. We found that benefits, promotion, and convenience had a significant impact on two variables: customer satisfaction and service value. Conclusions - The basic benefits, promotions, and convenient facilities in the university-based convenience store have already received favorable reviews. Therefore, for improving customer satisfaction, it is important to improve the reliability of service, quality of human interaction, and customer service.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2023

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a newly emerging pozzolanic material having high amount of silica content. Various forms of POFA were used in cement-based materials (CBMs) in replacement of cement in different dosages of low and high volume. Although, there are many researches on POFA to be used in concrete and mortar, however, this material was not practically used in the construction industry. Engineers and designers need to be confident to use any new developed materials by knowing all engineering properties at short and long terms. As durability concern, concrete pH value is one of the most important properties. Portland cement produces are alkaline initially, however, it may be reduced due to aging and its components. It is believed that by incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials in CBMs the pH value reduces due to utilization of Ca(OH)₂ in pozzolanic reaction. This study is the first attempts to understand the pH value of mortars containing up to 30% POFA under different curing conditions and its changes with time. The results were also compared with the pH of ground granulated ballast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) content mortars. In addition, the compressive strength of different mortars under different curing conditions were also studied. The results showed that the pH value of control mix (without cementitious materials) was more than all the blended cement mortars indifferent curing conditions at the same ages. However, there was a reducing trend in the pH value of all mortar mixes containing POFA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1388-1393
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to examine the feasibility of utilising bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea) shoot shell (BSS) in ruminants. Chemical composition, rumen degradability and some antinutritional compounds were determined for fresh and boiled BSSs to evaluate its feed value and safety. Thirty-two Holstein heifers were allocated to four groups and used to investigate the response in growth rate to supplementing ammoniated rice straw with fresh shell (phase 1) or silage of boiled BSS (phase 2). All animals were offered ammoniated straw ad libitum with 1kg of cotton seed meal (phase 1) or 0.5 kg of cotton seed meal and 0.5 kg of concentrate mixture (phase 2) per head per day. The BSS was supplemented at levels of 0, 3, 6 or 9 kg/d (phase 1) and 0, 5, 10 or 15 kg/d (phase 2) (as fed basis). The BSS was very high in moisture content, and its contents of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were 13~16% DM and 65~76% DM, respectively; boiling resulting in higher moisture and protein. No hydrocyanic acid was detected in both BSSs and content of tannins was negligible. Rumen degradability of BSS was reasonably high, and with boiling the rapidly degradable fraction decreased, and potentially degradable component increased. Silage of the boiled BSS was slightly lower in both rapidly and slowly degraded fractions than the fresh BSS. Animals consumed all supplemented BSSs without any adverse health problems. Intake of ammoniated straw decreased with the increasing levels of BSS, but total intake was higher in almost all supplementary groups than in the non-BSS. Heifers had a higher growth rate in phase 1 with fresh BSS than in phase 2 with ensiled shell, and daily weight gains were 622, 629, 744 or 690 g in phase 1, and 578, 575, 677 or 635 g in phase 2 at four BSS levels, respectively. For both phases growth rate was significantly higher for the animals in groups 3 and 4 than those in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.01), with little difference between groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05) but significant difference between groups 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Supplementation with BSS also resulted in an improved feed conversion rate, with the least concentrate consumption in group 3 for both phases. It is concluded that the BSS has a high potential nutritional value as indicated by its medium protein content, reasonably high rumen degradability, and that inclusion of BSS in ammoniated rice straw diet is not only safe to animals, but also may improve growth rate of ruminants and feed conversion rate. It may be disadvantageous to use high amounts of BSS in ammoniated straw diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.685-692
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• 2003

Information on nutrient requirements and forage intake of fallow weaner deer is required for the development of feeding strategies during the year. An experiment was conducted in which 60 fallow weaner deer (grazing on medic and ryegrass based pastures) were supplemented with a concentrated diet at three levels. The diet contained 2% minerals, 30% lupin and 68% barley grain. Twelve deer from each treatment were dosed with commercial alkane capsules in May, June, July, September and October to predict nutrient intake. The relationships between body weight gain and intake of metabolisable energy and crude protein were established using a general linear models analysis. Dry matter intake from pastures ranged from 0.137 kg to 0.304 kg in May and June and increased to 1.2 kg in October. Nutrient intake from pastures was strongly influenced by amount of supplementary feed and gender. Digestible energy intake from pastures was 1.3, 3.8 and 6.1 MJ/day higher for males than females in July, August and October, respectively. The protein and energy intake was strongly correlated with body weight gain. The energy requirement for maintenance were 7.3, 8.2, 10.2, 10.2 and 10.7 MJ DE/day and the DE required for each kg body weight gain were 19, 18, 29, 34 and 49 MJ in May, June, August and October, respectively. The protein requirement for maintenance was 12.2, 12.6, 15.0, 11.4 and $8.5g/W^{0.75}$ in May, June, July, August and October, respectively. The nutrient requirement defined from this study can be used to assist farmers to explore the possible pasture and stock management practices under southern Australian conditions. However, further research is required to develop rapid and cheap methods for estimating dry matter intake, nutritive value of pastures and to quantify the potential growth rate of fallow deer in southern Australia.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2017

Background: Median F-wave latencies are physiologically shorter than ulnar latencies, but they are often longer relative to ulnar latencies in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). This study aimed to investigate the value of absolute F-waves and relative latency changes compared to ulnar latencies in the diagnosis of CTS. Methods: F-wave latencies of median and ulnar nerves in 339 hands from 339 patients with CTS and 60 hands from 60 control subjects were investigated. Mean F-wave minimal latencies of median and ulnar nerves were compared between groups. Patients were further divided into subgroups based on Canterbury grading and then analyzed using F-wave latency differences (FWLD) and F-wave ratio (FWR). Results: Of 339 hands in the CTS group, 236 hands exhibited F-wave inversion based on the FWLD criterion and 277 hands had F-wave inversion based on the FWR criterion. F-wave inversion had a sensitivity of 81.7% using the FWR criterion to diagnose CTS. The mean FWLD and FWR were significantly greater in all patient subgroups compared to the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, mean FWLD and FWR showed significant correlations (r = -0.683 and r = 0.674, respectively, p < 0.001) with disease severity. Conclusions: F-wave studies are effective supplementary diagnostic tools comparing to other standard electrophysiologic criteria for screening patients with CTS.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2009

양방향매체 기반의 디지털 콘텐츠 마켓플레이스는 iDTV(DTV, DMB, IPTV)을 통한 다양한 장르의 콘텐츠 서비스 제공을 하기 위한 콘텐츠의 공급자와 수요자간의 마켓플레이스이다. 이는 디지털 환경 하에서의 u-라이프 서비스로써 많은 관심의 대상이 되고 있으며, 방송통신융합의 초기 단계에서 양방향매체는 다양한 콘텐츠와 서비스 모델의 개발을 통하여 그 효용성을 높이는데 기여를 할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 양방향매체 기반의 디지털콘텐츠 마켓플레이스에서 적용되어질 수 있는 메타데이터 설계를 하고, 특히 자기주도활동이 가능토록 보조 콘텐츠를 추천하는 태그를 메타데이터 설계에 반영하였다. 또한 기본 메타데이터에 가중치를 부여하여, 마켓플레이스에서 고객이 원하는 보조 콘텐츠를 제공 할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 추천시스템은 개인화 서비스를 구현하는 방법 중의 하나이다. 추천시스템은 다양한 기법을 통해 구축될 수 있으며, 협업필터링 방식을 사용하여 명시적인 속성이 부여되어진 콘텐츠를 추천하는 것은, 기존 콘텐츠 추천의 한계를 해결하고자 하였다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 기존 지적측량 방법으로 확정된 지구를 선정하여 확정측량 당시에 사용한 지적삼각점과 지적삼각보조점, 도근점의 좌표 성과가 위성측량으로 결정된 좌표 성과와의 편위량을 분석하여, 제 점 상호간에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구함으로써 지적확정측량 시 고려해야 할 사항들을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구결과 오차방향이 반대인 기존 지적삼각점을 기준으로 지적삼각보조점의 좌표를 결정할 경우, 그 오차가 서로 상쇄되어 지구계 내의 전체적인 오차가 작아졌음을 알 수 있었으며, 지적삼각보조점을 기준으로 한 도근점의 좌표성과는 교점을 중심으로 오차량이 서로 상쇄되어 상대적으로 편차량이 작아지고 있으나 각 도선별로 오차 발생 경향을 분석한 결과 지적삼각보조점에 가까운 도근점이 지적삼각보조점의 오차 영향을 많이 받고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.827-831
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• 2004

본 연구는 쌀겨 및 쌀눈 기름에 들어 있는 ${\gamma}$-oryzano의 혈당 저하효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 실험동물은 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 모델인 KK 당뇨마우스를 이용하였고, 실험식이의 0.2% 수준에서 ${\gamma}$ -oryzanol 첨가 유무에 따라 CO군과 GO군을 선정 후 8주 동안 실험식이를 급여하였다. 실험결과 실험식이 섭취량, 체중변화,장기의 무게는 실험군 사이에 차이가 없었으나, GO군에서 실험식이 급여 5주부터 공복혈당의 감소를 보였고, 내당능이 개선되어 혈당면적이 유의하게 낮은 수준을 보였다. 장기간의 혈당상태 지표인 당화혈색소가 실험군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 GO군에서 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 인슐린 수준은 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol을 섭취한 GO에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 따라서 ${\gamma}$ -oryzanol은 혈청 인슐린 수준을 높이고 혈당 농도 감소 효과가 있는 것으로 보이나, 실험식이 급여 기간의 변화 및 ${\gamma}$-oryzano의 첨가 수준에 따른 혈당 저하 효과 검토 등이 보완되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.