• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.161-181
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• 2014

This thesis, which mainly focuses on the characteristics of the Chinese arbitration system, will mainly deal with three characteristics and analyze the causes that directly or indirectly influence them. The first characteristic is China does not recognize ad hoc arbitration. Ad hoc arbitration is the initial form of arbitration, and it occupies an important position in many countries; however, China's judicial system does not recognize it. There are many disadvantages for building a system of ad hoc arbitration in China; i. e., the arbitration system in China is undeveloped and shot-time established, and it lacks social and civil society basis, along with a credit system, which the Western ad hoc arbitration relies on. The second characteristic is the existence of excessive judicial supervision and control over arbitration in China. Judicial supervision over arbitration has been the customary practice in each country of the modern world, but sharp variation exists in the legal stipulations and the courts' attitude toward the standard to be applied in the supervision over arbitration. In China, there has always been a controversy over judicial supervision, and the standards applied in the supervision over arbitration by courts in different regions are less than identical. The last characteristic is the existence of a combination of mediation with arbitration, which is called Arb-Med in China. Such means that in the process of arbitration, the arbitrator may conduct mediation proceedings for the case it is handling if both parties agree to do so. Under the Chinese law, Arb-Med may lead to a binding and enforceable outcome. However, it has several legal disadvantages and almost no country adopts this system. China still insists that this system will go on because Arb-Med was first made in China, and its effect was proven through long-time practice in CIETAC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.365-368
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• 2003

The supervision system due to the Building Law was introduced in 1963. As the building came to be more various from the side of use, efficiency and the size, it came to be complicated. Construction Technical Managemen Law started in 1994. and it introduced a responsibility supervision system. And Residential Building Promotion Law improved quality of Buildings. But these facts are limited in part in the supervision objective building, and supervision system is restricted. This research investigates the current problem of supervision system, and the improvement program will go far toward solving the problem.

• Korean Architects
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• s.505
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• pp.79-85
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• 2011

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.404-416
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the supervision process and functions in social welfare practice on the supervision satisfaction of social workers and their customer orientation. For this, 196 social workers were asked to answer to the questionnaire and their responses were analyzed. The courses between variables were analyzed using structural equation model. The findings from this study show that the supervision process impact on supervision satisfaction, but didn't influence customer orientation. The functions of supervision positively impacted on both supervision satisfaction and customer orientation. Furthermore, the supervision process and functions influence customer orientation with supervision satisfaction as a mediating factor. In addition. this study proposes a supervision practice system as a means to provide customer-oriented service to clients.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2020

This study examines the supervision competence of supervisor from the comparative perspective of supervisor and supervisee, and investigates the effects of organizational factors on supervisor's supervision competence. For this purpose, data collected from 241 workers at social welfare agencies in Gyeonggi-do were analyzed through t-test and hierarchical regression analysis. The major results of data analysis are as follows. First, supervisors are more positive than supervisees in terms of supervision competence. Second, there is a statistically significant difference between two groups in supervision knowledge and qualities among the subfields of supervision competence. Third, in the case of supervisors, the younger the age and the higher the education level, the more positively they perceive their supervision competence, and agency's supervision support explains supervision competence at the level of △R² = .305 at p> .001. Finally, based on the results of this study, the directions for strengthening the supervision competence were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.585-594
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• 2018

Chinese construction corporations take more market shares in the global construction market. The performance of Chinese construction corporations need to be reviewed from the capability and qualification system of the engineers including supervision engineer. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of professional qualifications for supervision engineer in China. The research methodology is to investigate the qualification exam system, process and examination subjects for searching the fundamental body of knowledge about supervision engineer qualification. The results shows that the qualification system in supervision engineer are classified in detail for the body of knowledge and operated by the government. The qualification examination requires broad and defied knowledge structure together with practical experiences. The research results may lead further research subjects of Chinese construction related qualifications and education system in the ways of more specificity, expertise, and practicality. The mutual understanding of qualification system becomes major issue to build better collaboration in global market.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.87-88
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• 2011

Construction projects that should be under the construction supervision regulation were decreased in 2008 and new supervision projects in 2010 were significantly reduced by 60% comparing to the ones as of 2009. On the contrast, the volume of world construction projects including Middle·South Asia and Africa is forecasting to be increased by 46% in 2018. However, although the needs of oversea expansion of domestic construction supervision firms are appeared more and more, their preparations to the strategically important areas in the world are insufficient. Thus, this paper aims to suggest directions of strategics and plans for domestic construction supervision industry to expand the market to the world through questionnaire surveys and expert investigation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

Purpose - The Chinese government's policies and funds enable specialized farmers cooperatives to develop vigorously. However, the non-systematic supervision system affects the interests of farmer-members of these cooperatives, which are similar to the Korean NongHyup in many aspects but differ in their supervision systems such as distribution. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the problems of specialized farmers cooperatives, and obtain some insights from NongHyup. Research design, data, and methodology - Data were collected from farmers, the government, and cooperatives in northern China's Shandong Province (the cities of Jinan, Qingdao, Weifang, Linyi, and Heze) through a literature survey, case analysis, and comparative analysis in each city. Results - 1) Specialized farmers cooperatives should establish a transparent regulatory mechanism and be subject to dual supervision from both the Chinese government and farmers. 2) The Chinese government and civil society should offer more support to the cooperatives, and strive to change farmers' backward attitude through education and training. Conclusions - Small cooperatives could merge into large ones and undertake social responsibility through the establishment of labor unions.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2013

The Korean Government introduced a cultural heritage supervision system in January 2010 to control quality and to prevent poor construction. However, cultural heritage related constructions that require supervision, a scope of supervision, supervision cost and placement of supervisors have not been standardized yet. For this reason, standards of supervision for repair works of cultural heritage that reflect the characteristics of small-scale repair works and restoration of cultural heritage are required. Accordingly, this study has suggested standards of supervision works and cost by analyzing the average construction period that is suitable for the characteristics of cultural heritage repair works. In other words, this study has suggested standards of full-time supervision costs by applying the fixed amount-added method (adding direct labor cost, direct expenses, overhead expenses, engineering fee, charges for additional works and VAT) which is the same as the method of calculating supervision costs for public construction projects because a supervisor has to work full time at a construction site to perform supervision if the project is a mid/large-scale cultural heritage repair work. Also, this study has suggested standards of part-time supervision costs for a small-scale cultural heritage repair work and the ways of supervising the construction projects by visiting the project site on important occasions. According to the result of the analysis by applying the forgoing standards of supervision costs for cultural heritage, a full-time supervision cost for cultural heritage repair works is approximately 98% compared to the construction supervision of a public construction project, and a part-time supervision is approximately 158% compared to architectural construction supervision. It is expected that the valuable cultural heritage of Korea will be preserved by controlling quality of cultural heritage repair works through the application of this study result - the standards of supervision costs for cultural heritage repair works - to an actual project.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.447-453
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• 2016

Recently, the design and supervision separating system has have been widely adopted in Korea. In this system, the owner should exclude the architect who designed the building from supervisor in the same project. The design and supervision separating system has advantage of less fraudulent construction and weakness of design intention reflection difficulty in construction stage. In this study, the status, problems and solutions of this system are identified from expert survey and interview. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the work scope of designer and supervisor should be clear and the guidelines for this system should be clearly defined. Second, the optimal price for the work scope should be guaranteed. Also, the education program for the improvement of supervisor capability should be provided.