• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.383-389
• /
• 2010

Co-B, Co-P-B, Co-Ni-B and Co-Ni-P-B catalysts supported on Ni foam were prepared using electroless plating in the present study. The surface morphology of the catalysts/Ni foam was observed using SEM and EDS analysis. The Co-Ni-P-B/Ni foam catalyst showed the superior performance on hydrogen generation due to the uniform formation of catalyst particles on the Ni foam surface. The characteristics of hydrogen generation with Co-Ni-P-B/Ni foam catalyst was investigated at the variety of $NaBH_4$ and NaOH concentrations. Durability test was performed, resulting in the stable hydrogen generation for 6 hours.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.485-492
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we propose facial expression recognition using CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), one of the deep learning technologies. The proposed structure has general classification performance for any environment or subject. For this purpose, we collect a variety of databases and organize the database into six expression classes such as 'expressionless', 'happy', 'sad', 'angry', 'surprised' and 'disgusted'. Pre-processing and data augmentation techniques are applied to improve training efficiency and classification performance. In the existing CNN structure, the optimal structure that best expresses the features of six facial expressions is found by adjusting the number of feature maps of the convolutional layer and the number of nodes of fully-connected layer. The experimental results show good classification performance compared to the state-of-the-arts in experiments of the cross validation and the cross database. Also, compared to other conventional models, it is confirmed that the proposed structure is superior in classification performance with less execution time.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 1981

Many new radar techniques have appeared on the electronic scene in recent years, such as a variety of automatic computer processing. However, even with the advent of these sophisticated radar techniques, an old problem continues to plague all radars: the problem of transmission line losses. With the higher performance required today, the Waveguide testing and trouble-shooting techniques remain essentially unchanged in principle. This paper dealt with the rf pulse "Time-domain Reflectometry" to inspect radar wave-guide system and compared with the conventional methods. During the investigation, it was verified that the pulsed TDR for wave-guide is superior to the conventional methods; 1. Disassembling is not needed to locate the discontinity points and measure the reflections of trobled points. 2. The results of the data are more precise. 3. The condition of individual component is able to the photographed and recorded permanently. 4. Since rf pulse TDR is based on the well-known basic radar principle, such a test set requires the minimum of training to operate. With the level of transmission line problems, the prospect of increasing complexity of equipment, and no relief in sight, the benifits must be emphasizied to adopt such a testing procedure.procedure.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 2021

As a consequence of sudden outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, educational institutes around the globe are forced to switch from traditional learning systems to e-learning systems. This has led to a variety of technology-driven pedagogies in e-teaching as well as e-learning. In order to take the best advantage, an appropriate understanding of the cognitive capability is of prime importance. This paper presents an intelligent cognitive maturity recognition system for confidence-based e-learning. We gather the data from actual test environment by involving a number of students and academicians to act as experts. Then a Genetic Programming based simulation and modeling is applied to generate a generalized classifier in the form of a mathematical expression. The simulation is derived towards an optimal space by carefully designed fitness function and assigning a range to each of the class labels. Experimental results validate that the proposed method yields comparative and superior results which makes it feasible to be used in real world scenarios.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.415-425
• /
• 1999

$[K^+]_o$ can be increased under a variety of conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage. The increase of $[K^+]_o$ in the range of $5{\sim}15$ mM may affect tensions of blood vessels and cause relaxation of agonist-induced precontracted vascular smooth muscle $(K^+-induced$ relaxation). In this study, effect of the increase in extracellular $K^+$ concentration on the agonist-induced contractions of various arteries including resistant arteries of rabbit was examined, using home-made Mulvany-type myograph. Extracellular $K^+$ was increased in three different ways; from initial 1 to 3 mM, from initial 3 to 6 mM, or from initial 6 to 12 mM. In superior mesenteric arteries, the relaxation induced by extracellular $K^+$ elevation from initial 6 to 12 mM was the most prominent among the relaxations induced by the elevations in three different ways. In cerebral arteries, the most prominent relaxation was produced by the elevation of extracellular $K^+$ from initial 1 to 3 mM and a slight relaxation was provoked by the elevation from initial 6 to 12 mM. In superior mesenteric arteries, $K^+-induced$ relaxation by the elevation from initial 6 to 12 mM was blocked by $Ba^{2+}\;(30\;{\mu}M)$ and the relaxation by the elevation from 1 to 3 mM or from 3 to 6 mM was not blocked by $Ba^{2+}.$ In cerebral arteries, however, $K^+-induced$ relaxation by the elevation from initial 3 to 6 mM was blocked by $Ba^{2+},$ whereas the relaxation by the elevation from 1 to 3 mM was not blocked by $Ba^{2+}.$ Ouabain inhibited all of the relaxations induced by the extracellular $K^+$ elevations in three different ways. In cerebral arteries, when extracellular $K^+$ was increased to 14 mM with 2 or 3 mM increments, almost complete relaxation was induced at 1 or 3 mM of initial $K^+$ concentration and slight relaxation occurred at 6 mM. TEA did not inhibit $Ba^{2+}-sensitive$ relaxation at all and NMMA or endothelial removal did not inhibit $K^+-induced$ relaxation. Most conduit arteries such as aorta, carotid artery, and renal artery were not relaxed by the elevation of extracellular $K^+.$ Among conduit arteries, trunk of superior mesenteric artery and basilar artery were relaxed by the elevations of $[K^+]_o.$ These data suggest that $K^+-induced$ relaxation has two independent components, $Ba^{2+}-sensitive$ and $Ba^{2+}-insensitive$ one and there are different mechanisms for $K^+-induced$ relaxation in various arteries.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.386-392
• /
• 2016

Background: Sorghum is a major cereal food crop used in many parts of the world. It has been grown on a subsistence level by farmers, under various conditions of environmental stresses in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia. This plant has received significant attention because of its ability to reduce cholesterol in the blood, and its anti-dementia, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is possible to develop a functional and commercially viable sorghum variety by using superior cultivars of sorghum. The objective of this study was to build a database of superior sorghum accession. Methods and Results: We used 250 sorghum accessions collected from different geographical bioregions in Korea. We determined various agronomic characters including germination rate and ear length of these accessions. To determine the antioxidant capacity, we measured the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity, total phenolic contents, and total flavonoid contents. Accession 189 showed higher germination (> 80%) than the other accessions. Higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was observed in 11-SB-078 ($RC_{50}$; $1.89{\pm}2.88{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), and higher 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity was recorded in 11-SB-116 ($RC_{50}$; $35.48{\pm}2.42{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) than in the other accessions. The ear length ranged from 15 cm to 48 cm, the total phenolic contents ranged from $3mg{\cdot}GAE/g$ to $77mg{\cdot}GAE/g$, and total flavonoid contents ranged from $0.09mg{\cdot}QE/g$ to $1.07mg{\cdot}QE/g$. Conclusions: Among 250 sorghum accessions, we selected 10 with both superior agronomic characters and highly functional food quality.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.1615-1615
• /
• 2001

During the past ten years, Near Infrared Spectroscopy has been successfully applied to the analysis of a great variety of agriculture products. Previous works (Morra et al., 1991; Salgo et al., 1998) have shown the potential of this technology for soil analysis, estimating different parameters just with one single scan. The main advantages of NIR applications in soils are the speed of response, allowing the increase of the number of samples analysed to define a particular soil, and the instantaneous elaboration of recommendations for fertilization and soil amendment. Another advantage is to avoid the use of chemical reagents at all, being an environmentally safe technique. In this paper, we have studied a set of 129 soil samples selected from representative glasshouse soils from Southern Spain. The samples were dried, milled, and sieved to pass a 2 mm sieve and then analysed for organic carbon, total nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen (nitrate ammonium), hygroscopic humidity, pH and electrical conductivity in the 1:1 extract. NIR spectra of all samples were obtained in reflectance mode using a Foss NIR Systems 6500 spectrophotometer equipped with a spinning module. Calibration equations were developed for seven analytical parameters (ph, Total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, organic carbon, C/N ratio and Electric Conductivity). Preliminary results show good correlation coefficients and standard errors of cross validation in equations obtained for Organic Carbon, Organic Nitrogen, Total Nitrogen and C/N ratio. Calibrations for nitrates and nitrites, ammonia and electric conductivity were not acceptable. Calibration obtained for pH had an acceptable SECV, but the determination coefficient was found very poor probably due to the reduced range in reference values. Since the estimation of Organic Carbon and C/N ratio are acceptable NIIRS could be used as a fast method to assess the necessity of organic amendments in soils from Mediterranean regions where the low level of organic matter in soils constitutes an important agronomic problem. Furthermore, the possibility of a single and fast estimation of Total Nitrogen (tedious determination by modifications of the Kjeldahl procedure) could provide and interesting data to use in the estimation of nitrogen fertilizer rates by means of nitrogen balances.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.437-442
• /
• 1992

우리나라에서 널리 보급되어 재배되고 있는 감자 품종인 수미(秀美, Superior) 및 남작(男爵, Irish Cobbler) 두 품종을 원료로 potato chip을 제조할 때 품질에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 Maillard 반응의 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 환원당의 함량을 감소시키기 위하여 화학적 저해제로 알려진 $CaCl_2$와 NaCl을 사용하여 감자를 전처리한 후 환원당 함량을 분석하고 potato chip을 제조하여 색상을 비교한 결과 NaCl로 침지 처리한 경우에는 환원당의 감소가 $15{\sim}30%$에 불과하고 chip의 색상도 좋지 못하였다. 그러나 NaCl 침지 가열처리의 경우에는 환원당의 감소가 평균 40%였으며, 특히 두 품종 모두 0.08% NaCl 용액으로 5분 및 7분간 처리한 것이 좋은 효과를 나타내었다. $CaCl_2$ 용액에 침지처리한 것은 NaCl 용액으로 처리한 것보다 효과는 있었으나 색상이 고르지 못하고 부분적으로 갈색화되었다. $CaCl_2$용액에 침지 가열처리한 것이 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내어 환원당의 감소가 약 50% 정도였으며 그 중에서도 0.05% 및 0.07% $CaCl_2$ 용액에 5분 및 7분간 처리한 것이 환원당의 감소는 물론 chip의 색상도 가장 좋았다. 침지시 상온에서 처리하는 것보다는 $72{\sim}82^{\circ}$ 에서 NaCl 용액 보다는 $CaCl_2$ 용액으로 blanching하는 것이 가장 효과적이었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2010

본 시험은 신품종 톨 페스큐를 육성하기 위하여 1999년부터 2007년까지 국립축산과학원 초지사료과에서 수행되었다. 톨 페스큐 신품종 '그린마스터'는 6배체 품종으로서 엽은 녹색이며, 출수기가 5월 14일경이며 풍엽성이 우수한 품종이었다. 4개 지역평균 건물수량은 '그린마스터' 19,156 kg/ha로서 대비품종인 'Fawn' 보다 11% 많았으며, 지역별로는 4개 지역 모두에서 'Fawn' 보다 생산성이 우수하였다. '그린마스터'의 사료가치는 조단백질 함량이 13.6%, 건물소화율이 51.1%, 가소화양분총량(TDN)이 60.3 %, NDF (중성세제불용섬유)가 66.1%, ADF(산성세제불용섬유)는 36.2%로서 Fawn과 비슷한 사료가치를 나타내었다. 특히, '그린마스터'는 'Fawn' 보다 재생력, 내병성 및 내하고성이 우수하여 영속성이 좋은 품종이며 한번 조성하여 여러 해 동안 이용하는 초지조성에 알맞은 품종으로서 우리나라 전국에서 재배적응성이 우수한 품종으로 사료된다.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.660-663
• /
• 2009

전국 차나무 자생지에서 차나무를 수집하여 조성된 클론보존원의 630클론 중 생육이 왕성하고 내한성이 높은 차나무 31계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 31계통 중 최종적으로 3계통을 선발하여 2006년부터 2008년까지 전국 6개 지역에서 지역적응성 및 영양계 비교시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 내한성이면서 다수성을 가진 영양계 차나무 "한광"을 최종 선발하였다. "한광"은 생육이 왕성하여 새싹수는 대비품종인 야부기다에 비하여 27.6% 많았고 백아중은 47.9 g으로 대비품종보다 99.6% 무거웠다. 수량도 대비품종보다 152% 증수된 182 kg/10a으로 초다수성이었다. 또한 "한광"은 내한성이 매우 우수하여 겨울철에 적고현상 발생이 적고 탄저병에도 매우 강하게 나타났다. 탄닌, 카테킨, 총질소, 카테킨 등의 기능성분 함량도 비교적 높게 나타났다. "한광"의 아미노산 함량은 2,567 mg%로 대비품종보다 112.7% 높았다.