• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2002.01a
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• pp.86-106
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• 2002

Informatization is a process that corporation's external environmental factors and internal environmental factors influence as complex. is a phenomenon that appears via this process. To evaluate that informatization was propeled well or informatization level is high can be dangerous work extremely by only once-over-lightly some factors, organization information ability is superior or infrastructure is constructed well. Therefore, an evaluation for industrial information systems that consider corporation's external environment and internal environment configurationally and objective estimation through this is required in national dimension. This research sorted types of business using types of business classification of 2001 EIII(Evaluation Indices of Industrial Informatization) laying stress on corporation's product and product production process for reflecting various industrial classification. And we are dividing whole our country corporations by manufacture industry, the construction industry, distribution industry, service industry, banking industry 5 types of business. To see such classed types industry classification from consistent viewpoint, we saw them within new framework, purchase, operation, physical distribution, marketing and sale. service etc. laying stress on primary businesses except support businesses of planning, financial management etc. To draw special quality of business center from primary business of each types of business, we draw industry classification Key Capability that centers when plans corporation's corporate strategy and information strategy. And we deducted industrial classification key production business connected with industry classification Key Capability. After drawing an evaluation items for industrial information systems in informatization analysis viewpoint laying stress on drawn businesses. Finally we did Case Study by making out an evaluation for industrial information systems questionnaire that considers special quality of manufacturing industry. Through EIII that consider the industrial classification, we could know that it explains the corporation's purchase, production, distribution in general and detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.20
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• pp.31-47
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• 1993

1. The relationship between Korea and Buk-Song had maintained for 164 years(964 1126 A.D). The period of relationship was from KwangJong Year 13(4years after establishing Buk-Song), Song Tae-Cho 1 year, to HeumJong Cheong Dang 1st year(InJong 4years in Koran). Author divides into three periodic terms, and remarkable diplomatic facts are as follows. 1) KwangJong year 13(963 A.D) SungJong year 13(994 A.D) : Normal relations, Song needed Korea's armed support. 2) MokJong year 6(1003 A.D) HyunJong year 9(1018 A.D) : Not steady relations and broke up, by MunJong year 26, Dang requested to resume the diplomatic relations. 3) MunJong year 25(1017 A.D) InJong 4(1126 A.D) : Song utilized Korea as a back supporter, but Song destructed by Keum. 2. Korea was donated knightage without offcial clothing by BukSong 10 times(KwangJong year 13 SungJong year 11). However during 164 years. Song presented some clothings Korea friendly. 3. Even though Korea cound not continue the steady diplomatic relations, Korea had been influenced the social systems including cloth-ing systems by Dang. Song dynasty. 4. The author studys historical materials which show that TongilSh-Shinra adapted social systems of Dang dynasty including clothing systems, which was succeeded to Korea for 200 years. Details are as follows ; 1) Original clothing color-systems which were Ja(purpil), Cheong(blue), Hwang(yellow), Pi, called 4-clored-system, of Tongil-Shinra, was suceeded to Korea, Above mentioned clothing systems of three countries of Korean peninsula. 2) When Korea unified the certificate of Pisam holders were superior from those of Tongil-Shinra and Hoo-Bakjae. There two classes used same seried-color 'ja, (Dan, Pi), Cheong(blue), Hwang(yellow)', or 'ja, (Dan, Pi), Cheong' and lasted to KwangJong year10 as a of-ficial clothing. 3) KwangJong year 7, according to the three colored official clothing system of Hooju, accepted Hooju's KwangJong year 11, that shifted 'Ja, (Dan, Pi), Cheong, Hwang', or, Ja, (Dan, Pi) Cheong', to 'Ja, Dan, Pi, Rok(green)'. 4) The clothing systems which are ja, (Dan, Pi), Rok which established KwangJong year 11 shifted to Song's, Ja, Ju(orange), Rok, Cheong, which had happened SungJong year 14 to MokJong 1st year. 5) 4-colored systems ('Ja, Pi, Rok, Cheong (distictable : sky blue, ocean blue)' shifted to 3 colored system which established Song ShingJong 1st year, which succeeded to Nam-Song and Keum. 5. The relationship between Korea and Yo had maintained for 207 years(918 1125 A.D). The period of relationship was from TaeJo 1st year to InJong year 3. 6. Yo, and Korea were called for king(15 times), prince(7 times). 7. Korea was donated knightage by Yo. The time when HyunJong year 13, Yo donated official clothing. From that time had used to do. The author divides into three periodic terms and discrives the shifting the formal clothing systems. Details were as follows ; 1) HyunJong year 13 MunJong year 8 : Even donating clothing systems from Yo had maintained for 35 years, Yeo, Song, Yo, three countries had not have formal cloth-ing, because they had been on the strug-gling. So that Korea had followed the same way of informal clothing. 2) MunJong year 918 : Yo donated the formal clothing to Korea for the King. Diplomatic condition was in the control, so that whole three countries used formal clothing. 3) MunJong year 19 YeaJong year 3 : Korea was donated 'Kuryumyun Kujangbokje', which became the formal clothings vs China.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.595-612
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• 2002

One of the most important issues in guaranteeing the high degree of QoS on mobile computing is how to reduce hand-off drops caused by lack of available bandwidth in a new cell. Each cell can request bandwidth reservation to its adjacent cells for hand-off calls. This reserved bandwidth can be used only for hand-offs, not for new calls. It is also important to determine how much of bandwidth should be reserved for hand-off calls because reserving too much would increase the probability of a new call being blocked. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new mechanism to provide QoS guarantee on a mobile computing environment by reserving an appropriate amount of bandwidth and call admission control. In this paper. bandwidth reservation and call admission control mechanisms are proposed to guarantee a consistent QoS for multimedia traffics on a mobile computing environment. For an appropriate bandwidth reservation, we propose an adaptive bandwidth reservation mechanism based on an MPP and a 2-tier cell structure. The former is used to predict a next move of the client while the latter to apply our mechanism only to the client with a high hand-off probability. We also propose a call admission control that performs call admission test only on PNC(Predicted Next Cell) of a client and its current cell. In order to minimize a waste of bandwidth caused by an erroneous prediction of client's location, we utilize a common pool and QoS adaptation scheme. In order evaluate the performance of our call admission control mechanism, we measure the metrics such as the blocking probability of new calls, dropping probability of hand-off calls, and bandwidth utilization. The simulation results show that the performance of our mechanism is superior to that of the existing mechanisms such as NR-CAT2, FR-CAT2, and AR-CAT2.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.445-455
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• 2014

Purpose: By investigating the characteristics of the students ophthalmic optics under bachelor's degree course in academic credit bank system, this study aimed to utilize this survey as a basic material for the operation and the improvement of academic credit bank system as the continued education for opticians. Methods: A questionnaire survey for the characteristics of the students was conducted on 98 bachelors who registered in the academic credit bank system and an analysis was made out of the result. Results: As the purpose of selecting the academic credit bank system, acquisition of bachelor's degree took the major portion (51.0%); for information route, school or superior at work took the major portion (33.7%); and for educational institution, alma mater took the major portion (31.6%). Family cooperation (72.4%) to the students in the academic credit bank system was higher than workplace cooperation (46.9%) or social cooperation (39.8%). For the time required for the bachelor's degree course in the academic credit bank system, 2 semesters (55.6%) took the major portion, and 38.9% for entering graduate school and 5.6% for university transfer. The result showed a significant difference in the information route for the academic credit bank system (p<.05), selection criteria for educational institution (p<.05) and workplace cooperation (p<.01) depending on the age. It showed a significant difference in the selection purpose for the academic credit bank system (p<.01), average attendance day (p<.05), workplace cooperation (p<.01) and difficulties (p<.01) depending on working place. It showed a significant difference in the selection criteria for educational institution (p<.01) and family cooperation (p<.05) depending on the academic system of their alma mater. It showed a significant difference in the information route (p<.05), the selection criteria for educational institution (p<.01) and workplace cooperation (p<.05). Conclusions: It is necessary for optometrists to study and pay more attention to continuing education, and the operation and support for the academic credit bank system should be made in consideration of the characteristics of students.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1326-1331
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• 1997

Background : Weaning is the process of switching a patient from mechanical ventilator to spontaneous breathing. A number of different weaning techniques can be employed. At recent study, conventional spontaneous breathing trial was superior to other techniques, such as intermittent mandatory ventilation(IMV) or pressure support ventilation(PSV). But adequate observation time of the spontaneous breathing trial was not determined. We reported the effectiveness of weaning and extubation following a 60 minutes spontaneous breathing trial with simple oxygen supply through the endotrachial tube. In this study, we tried to shorten the spontaneous breathing time from 60 minutes to 30 minutes. If weaning success was predicted after 30 minutes spontaneous breathing, extubation was done without reconnection with ventilator. Methodes : Subjects consisted of 42 mechanically ventilated patients from August 1994 to July 1995. The weaning trial was done when the patients recovered sufficiently from respiratory failure that originally required ventilatory assistance, the patients became alert and showed stable vital sign, and arterial $O_2$ tension was adequated($PaO_2$ > 55 mmHg) with less than 40% of inspired oxygen fraction. We conducted a careful physical examination when the patients was breathing spontaneously through the endobronchial tube for 30 minutes. We terminated the trial if a patients was any of following signs of distress; cyanosis, diaphoresis, tachypnea(above 30 breaths per minute), and extreme tachycardia. Patients who had none of this features during spontaneous breathing for 30 minutes were extubated promptly. Result : 17 weaning trials of 15 patients were done in 42 mechanically ventilated patients. Successful weaning and extubation was possible in 14 trials of total 17 trials. In this 14 patients, 8 patients were extubated after 30 minutes spontaneous breathing, 3 patients were extubated after 60 minutes spontaneous breathing, and 3 patients needed over 3 hours for extubation from weaning. We found similar overall success rate compared with weaning following a 60 minutes spontaneous breathing trial. Conclusion : From the result of present study, we believe that weaning and extubation from mechanical ventilation following a 30 minutes spontaneous breathing with $O_2$ supply through the endotracheal tube is a simple and effective method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.45-56
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• 2016

In this study, an analysis has been conducted on the evaluation criteria of current G-SEED(Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design) and on the 78 buildings, certified by G-SEED, for 3 years from November, 2012 to November, 2015. Based on the results of this analysis, four issues are driven and proposed hereinafter. Issue 1 : Nowadays, the psychological proportion of landscape architecture in building is getting greater than ever so that it shows reliable reduction of carbon dioxide. Therefore, so far as the eight kinds of buildings are concerned, the evaluation items of G-SEED must include those of landscape architecture mandatorily through its enlargement. Issue 2 : It is undesirable factor that inhibits precise evaluation on landscaping area to let other areas appraise landscape architecture because it requires outstanding professionalism. So, G-SEED should not only ensure landscaping professionalism for the correct evaluation but also let landscape area participate in assessing other areas. Issue 3 : Many previous researches turned out that landscape planting technique has excellent effect on saving energy and reducing temperature of buildings. Thus, landscape planting technique of landscape area is required to be one of the evaluation items of energy sector. Issue 4 : Tree management also has to be newly included as one of the evaluation factor for the maintenance relating to the landscape architecture. G-SEED, enacted and enforced by the Green Building Creation Support Act in 2013, surely is effective system to reduce carbon dioxide in buildings. This is a special Act in its nature that is superior to Construction Law and must be observed by all means to construct buildings. Under the umbrella of this legal system, various of researches and products are contributing to creating new jobs in construction area. However, it is a well-known fact that landscape architecture area has shown less interest on this Act than that of construction area. In conclusion, it is necessary that landscape industry should conduct continuous researches on G-SEED and pay more attention to the Act enough to harvest related products and enlarge its work area.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.129
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• pp.111-140
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• 2014

In this paper, the main subjects with which I deal are as follows: (1) Is Distancing Philosophy from the real ruling power a way of practical-philosophical resistance, based on social reformation as a axiological directivity of Kim Tae-Gil's ethical thought, though it is negative type of resistance? Or is it a sort of transformed value-free opportunist behavior which allows antidemocratic ruling group to coerce the people into submission, assuming an uncompromising stand seemingly? (2) Is Kim's defense argument on the opening of the course of National Ethics and the all-out activation of National Ethics education under Park's Yushin Regime derived from his own philosophical belief? Or is it brought out from the external conditions and circumstances surrounding Kim Tae-Gil which forces him to participate in the national undertaking for the settlement of the course of National Ethics in the university? The 'provisional' answers about the two subjects are as follows: (1) Kim's Distancing Philosophy is a type of practical philosophical revolt against the dictatorship power under Yushin Regime, though it is negative form of resistance. We can accept this philosophical elucidation above all by confirming the fact that the reform of reality is the main ethical trait running through his entire ethical thought system. However distancing philosophy disclose the crucial limits to allow itself to boil to the philosophical practice compromising with real ruling power eventually, though it is intended upon its own social ethical directivity and conviction. (2) The primary factor which affects Kim to propose such an advocation argument on the course of National Ethics and the education of National Ethics is the external conditions and circumstances surrounding him, especially the power-relation between he and ruling group and intimate human relation between he and his superior philosophers who carries out the role of a ideologue for the Yushin Regime, rather than his own philosophical belief. But no matter what primary factor, Kim's action to make a advocating argument to support the course and the education of National Ethics is to blame, on that account that he cannot adequately his social responsibility and role given to him as a reformist moral philosopher who will pursue the realization of righteous democratic society. Along with that, It is not too enough to criticize him sharply for such defending action. The reason is that his supporting stance for National Ethics education is brought out, by not adhering closely to the philosophical way of distancing from the dictatorial power devoid of political legitimacy and moral justification.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.70-119
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the changes in financial reform during the Kim Jong-un era based on North Korean literature. We find that North Korea has systematically and functionally separated the central bank from commercial banks since the Kim Jong-un era began. In addition, enterprises have been allowed to withdraw cash from bank accounts and make inter-enterprise cash payments. In other words, nowadays non-cash currencies with passive money can partially serve as active money with purchasing power. With the systematic and functional separation of the central bank and the commercial bank, the issuance of the central bank changed to a money supply method through the commercial bank, and changes in the currency distribution structure have allowed commercial bank's credit creation function to be implemented. This means that the banking system and the monetary·payment system of the socialist planned economy are changing in the way of the market economy. Reforms in the financial sector are believed to have been necessary to support changes in the economic system and to restore the function of the public financial sector. These changes have progressed in terms of the level of reform, but they are still considered similar to the period of the former Soviet Union's Perestroika or to the early period of China's reform and opening. Although North Korea's financial reform is superior in terms of enacting the banking law, it is insufficient in terms of realizing the functions of commercial banks. In addition, it is assessed that institutional constraints such as maintaining a planned economy, and the lack of confidence in public finances limit the effectiveness and development of the financial system. It should be noted that these results are based on literature published in North Korea. In other words, there is a limit in the fact that such recent changes have been carried out on a trial basis in some areas, or have been carried out in a full-scale manner with a blueprint, since Kim Jong-un's inauguration.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.137-154
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• 2018

Animal infectious diseases, such as avian influenza and foot and mouth disease, occur almost every year and cause huge economic and social damage to the country. In order to prevent this, the anti-quarantine authorities have tried various human and material endeavors, but the infectious diseases have continued to occur. Avian influenza is known to be developed in 1878 and it rose as a national issue due to its high lethality. Food and mouth disease is considered as most critical animal infectious disease internationally. In a nation where this disease has not been spread, food and mouth disease is recognized as economic disease or political disease because it restricts international trade by making it complex to import processed and non-processed live stock, and also quarantine is costly. In a society where whole nation is connected by zone of life, there is no way to prevent the spread of infectious disease fully. Hence, there is a need to be aware of occurrence of the disease and to take action before it is distributed. Epidemiological investigation on definite diagnosis target is implemented and measures are taken to prevent the spread of disease according to the investigation results, simultaneously with the confirmation of both human infectious disease and animal infectious disease. The foundation of epidemiological investigation is figuring out to where one has been, and whom he or she has met. In a data perspective, this can be defined as an action taken to predict the cause of disease outbreak, outbreak location, and future infection, by collecting and analyzing geographic data and relation data. Recently, an attempt has been made to develop a prediction model of infectious disease by using Big Data and deep learning technology, but there is no active research on model building studies and case reports. KT and the Ministry of Science and ICT have been carrying out big data projects since 2014 as part of national R &D projects to analyze and predict the route of livestock related vehicles. To prevent animal infectious diseases, the researchers first developed a prediction model based on a regression analysis using vehicle movement data. After that, more accurate prediction model was constructed using machine learning algorithms such as Logistic Regression, Lasso, Support Vector Machine and Random Forest. In particular, the prediction model for 2017 added the risk of diffusion to the facilities, and the performance of the model was improved by considering the hyper-parameters of the modeling in various ways. Confusion Matrix and ROC Curve show that the model constructed in 2017 is superior to the machine learning model. The difference between the2016 model and the 2017 model is that visiting information on facilities such as feed factory and slaughter house, and information on bird livestock, which was limited to chicken and duck but now expanded to goose and quail, has been used for analysis in the later model. In addition, an explanation of the results was added to help the authorities in making decisions and to establish a basis for persuading stakeholders in 2017. This study reports an animal infectious disease prevention system which is constructed on the basis of hazardous vehicle movement, farm and environment Big Data. The significance of this study is that it describes the evolution process of the prediction model using Big Data which is used in the field and the model is expected to be more complete if the form of viruses is put into consideration. This will contribute to data utilization and analysis model development in related field. In addition, we expect that the system constructed in this study will provide more preventive and effective prevention.

• Korean small business review
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.65-87
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• 2010

With the advent of knowledge-based society, the revitalization of technological innovation type SMEs, termed "inno-biz" hereafter, has been globally recognized as a government policymakers' primary concern in strengthening national competitiveness, and much effort is being put into establishing polices of boosting the start-ups and innovation capability of SMEs. Especially, in that the inno-biz enables national economy to get vitalized by widening world markets with its superior technology, and thus, taking the initiative of extremely competitive world markets, its growth and development has greater significance. In the case of Korea, the government has been maintaining the policies since the late 1990s of stimulating the growth of SMEs as well as building various infrastructures to foster the start-ups of the SMEs such as venture businesses with high technology. In addition, since the enactment of "Innovation Promotion Law for SMEs" in 2001, the government has been accelerating the policies of prioritizing the growth and development of inno-biz. So, for the sound growth and development of Korean inno-biz, this paper intends to offer effective management strategies for SMEs and suggest proper policies for the government, by researching into the effect of technological innovation capability and technology commercialization capability as the primary business resources on business performance in Korean SMEs in the light of market information orientation. The research is carried out on Korean companies characterized as inno-biz. On the basis of OSLO manual and prior studies, the research categorizes their status. R&D capability, technology accumulation capability and technological innovation system are categorized into technological innovation capability; product development capability, manufacturing capability and marketing capability into technology commercialization capability; and increase in product competitiveness and merits for new technology and/or product development into business performance. Then the effect of each component on business performance is substantially analyzed. In addition, the mediation effect of technological innovation and technology commercialization capability on business performance is observed by the use of the market information orientation as a parameter. The following hypotheses are proposed. H1 : Technology innovation capability will positively influence business performance. H1-1 : R&D capability will positively influence product competitiveness. H1-2 : R&D capability will positively influence merits for new technology and/or product development into business performance. H1-3 : Technology accumulation capability will positively influence product competitiveness. H1-4 : Technology accumulation capability will positively influence merits for new technology and/or product development into business performance. H1-5 : Technological innovation system will positively influence product competitiveness. H1-6 : Technological innovation system will positively influence merits for new technology and/or product development into business performance. H2 : Technology commercializing capability will positively influence business performance. H2-1 : Product development capability will positively influence product competitiveness. H2-2 : Product development capability will positively influence merits for new technology and/or product development into business performance. H2-3 : Manufacturing capability will positively influence product competitiveness. H2-4 : Manufacturing capability will positively influence merits for new technology and/or product development into business performance. H2-5 : Marketing capability will positively influence product competitiveness. H2-6 : Marketing capability will positively influence merits for new technology and/or product development into business performance. H3 : Technology innovation capability will positively influence market information orientation. H3-1 : R&D capability will positively influence information generation. H3-2 : R&D capability will positively influence information diffusion. H3-3 : R&D capability will positively influence information response. H3-4 : Technology accumulation capability will positively influence information generation. H3-5 : Technology accumulation capability will positively influence information diffusion. H3-6 : Technology accumulation capability will positively influence information response. H3-7 : Technological innovation system will positively influence information generation. H3-8 : Technological innovation system will positively influence information diffusion. H3-9 : Technological innovation system will positively influence information response. H4 : Technology commercialization capability will positively influence market information orientation. H4-1 : Product development capability will positively influence information generation. H4-2 : Product development capability will positively influence information diffusion. H4-3 : Product development capability will positively influence information response. H4-4 : Manufacturing capability will positively influence information generation. H4-5 : Manufacturing capability will positively influence information diffusion. H4-6 : Manufacturing capability will positively influence information response. H4-7 : Marketing capability will positively influence information generation. H4-8 : Marketing capability will positively influence information diffusion. H4-9 : Marketing capability will positively influence information response. H5 : Market information orientation will positively influence business performance. H5-1 : Information generation will positively influence product competitiveness. H5-2 : Information generation will positively influence merits for new technology and/or product development into business performance. H5-3 : Information diffusion will positively influence product competitiveness. H5-4 : Information diffusion will positively influence merits for new technology and/or product development into business performance. H5-5 : Information response will positively influence product competitiveness. H5-6 : Information response will positively influence merits for new technology and/or product development into business performance. H6 : Market information orientation will mediate the relationship between technology innovation capability and business performance. H7 : Market information orientation will mediate the relationship between technology commercializing capability and business performance. The followings are the research results : First, as for the effect of technological innovation on business performance, the technology accumulation capability and technological innovating system have a positive effect on increase in product competitiveness and merits for new technology and/or product development, while R&D capability has little effect on business performance. Second, as for the effect of technology commercialization capability on business performance, the effect of manufacturing capability is relatively greater than that of merits for new technology and/or product development. Third, the mediation effect of market information orientation is identified to exist partially in information generation, information diffusion and information response. Judging from these results, the following analysis can be made : On Increase in product competitiveness, directly related to successful technology commercialization of technology, management capability including technological innovation system, manufacturing capability and marketing capability has a relatively strong effect. On merits for new technology and/or product development, on the other hand, capability in technological aspect including R&D capability, technology accumulation capability and product development capability has relatively strong effect. Besides, in the cast of market information orientation, the level of information diffusion within an organization plays and important role in new technology and/or product development. Also, for commercial success like increase in product competitiveness, the level of information response is primarily required. Accordingly, the following policies are suggested : First, as the effect of technological innovation capability and technology commercialization capability on business performance differs among SMEs; in order for SMEs to secure competitiveness, the government has to establish microscopic policies for SMEs which meet their needs and characteristics. Especially, the SMEs lacking in capital and labor are required to map out management strategies of focusing their resources primarily on their strengths. And the government needs to set up policies for SMEs, not from its macro-scaled standpoint, but from the selective and concentrative one that meets the needs and characteristics of respective SMEs. Second, systematic infrastructures are urgently required which lead technological success to commercial success. Namely, as technological merits at respective SME levels do not always guarantee commercial success, the government should make and effort to build systematic infrastructures including encouragement of M&A or technology trade, systematic support for protecting intellectual property, furtherance of business incubating and industrial clusters for strengthening academic-industrial network, and revitalization of technology financing, in order to make successful commercialization from technological success. Finally, the effort to innovate technology, R&D, for example, is essential to future national competitiveness, but its result is often prolonged. So the government needs continuous concern and funding for basic science, in order to maximize technological innovation capability. Indeed the government needs to examine continuously whether technological innovation capability or technological success leads satisfactorily to commercial success in market economic system. It is because, when the transition fails, it should be left to the government.