• Title/Summary/Keyword: Sunchang traditional food

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Volatile Flavor Components of Traditional and Commercial Kochujang (재래식과 공장산 고추장의 향기성분)

  • Kim, Young-Soo;Oh, Hoon-Il
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.494-501
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    • 1993
  • The volatile flavor components of traditional and commercial kochujang were collected by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction (SDE) method. Essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Tested kochujang included Sunchang kochujang prepared with glutinous rice, Boeun kochujang prepared with barley, Sachun kochujang prepared with wheat and commercial kochujang. One hundred and twelve volatile flavor components which included 30 esters, 15 alcohols, 14 aldehydes, 13 acids, 9 ketones, 7 alkenes, 6 phenols, 3 alkanes, 3 pyrazines, 2 benzenes and 2 furans were identified. The major volatile compounds in traditional and commercial kochujang were 2-methyl propanal and ethanol, which represented $21{\sim}36%\;and\;2{\sim}44%$ of total GC peak area, respectively.

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Studies on Establishment of Optimal Aging Time of Korean traditional Kochujang (재래식 찹쌀고추장 및 보리고추장의 적정 숙성기간 설정을 위한 연구)

  • Jung, Jin-Woong;Kim, Jong-Hun;Park, Jong-Hyun;Yoo, Jin-Young;Koo, Young-Jo;Chung, Kun-Sub;Kwon, Dong-Jin
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.127-133
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    • 1996
  • To industrialize the Korean traditional Kochujang, we investigated the process and changes of chemical components of glutineous rice Kochujang and barley Kochujang, which are our major traditional Kochujangs. We prepared traditional glutineous rice Kochujang and barley one in Sunchang and Keosan, respectively. To establish the optimal aging time, we investigated changes of the chemical components and sensory evaluation of the Kochujang during fermentation of 180 days. Changes of chemical components of glutineous rice Kochujang were similar to those of barley Kochujang. The results of sensory evaluation on color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptibility indicated that glutineous rice Kochujang was preferred to barley one, and the highest score was obtained at the aging of $90{\sim}120$ days for both Kochujangs. However, we established that the optimal aging time was 150 days by considering changes of permissible chemical components and the results of sensory evaluation at the same time.

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Discrimination of Kochujang by Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics (이화학적 및 관능적 특성에 의한 고추장의 판별)

  • Kim, Young-Soo;Oh, Hoon-Il
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.561-566
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    • 1994
  • The kinds of kochujang were discriminated by using their organic acid compositions, GC peak areas of volatile concentrates and flavor intensity determined by sensory evaluation. Tested kochujang were 51 kinds of traditional kochujang and 10 kinds of industry-produced kochujang in the market. The traditional kochujang included 20 kinds of Sunchang kochujang prepared with glutinous rice, 11 kinds of Boeun kochujang prepared with barley and 20 kinds of Sachun kochujang prepared with wheat. Boeun kochujang was distinguished from other kinds of traditional and industry-produced kochujang by using canonical discriminant analysis for the compositions of organic acids. Among organic acids, lactic acid was the most contributing variable for the discrimination of various kochujang. Traditional and industry-produced kochujang could be classified into 4 groups by using discriminant analysis for GC peak areas. The peak number 2, 4, 8 and 11 were found to be highly contributing variables for the discrimination of kochujang by using stepwise discriminant analysis. Industry-produced kochujang was discriminated from traditional kochujang by using canonical discriminant analysis for the intensity of 8 kinds of flavor property. The taste 'umami' was found to be the most contributing variable for the discrimination of kochujang.

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Traditional Fermented Soybean Products Manufactured in Folk Villages of Sunchang Region (순창 고추장민속마을에서 생산한 전통 장류의 이화학적 특성)

  • Kim, Jong-Wook;Kim, Yong-Suk;Jeong, Pyeong-Hwa;Kim, Hyung-Eun;Shin, Dong-Hwa
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.223-230
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    • 2006
  • For standardization of quality of traditional fermented soybean products manufactured in Folk Villages of Sunchang Region, the physicochemical characteristics of 28 Kochujang, 28 Doenjang, and 18 Chunggukjang were compared. Moisture contents of Kochujang, Doenjang, and Chunggukjang were $46.9{\pm}3.6,\;60.6{\pm}1.9,\;and\;57.0{\pm}3.10%$, respectively. On the basis of average moisture contents, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash contents were calculated to $6.2{\pm}0.7,\;2.0{\pm}0.5,\;and\;8.2{\pm}1.1%$ in Kochujang, $13.2{\pm}1.0,\;7.1{\pm}0.6,\;and\;15.2{\pm}1.5%$ in Doenjang, and $18.9{\pm}1.2,\;6.1{\pm}1.4,\;and\;5.1{\pm}1.7%$ in Chunggukjang, respectively. Reducing sugar, salinity, and water activities in Kochujang were $19.25{\pm}4.1%,\;7.3{\pm}1.1%,\;and\;0.790{\pm}0.003$, in Doenjang were $2.38{\pm}0.89%,\;14.2{\pm}1.4%,\;and\;0.835{\pm}0.020$, and in Chunggukjang were $0.51{\pm}0.24%,\;4.2{\pm}1.6%,\;and\;0.962{\pm}0.028$, respectively. Amino-type nitrogen contents, which affects delicate flavors of fermented soybean products, of Kochujang, Doenjang, and Chunggukjang were $114.03{\pm}19.04,\;734.32{\pm}147.70,\;and\;600{\pm}150mg%$, respectively. Lightness (l), redness (a), and yellowness (b) values in color of Kochujang were $14.49{\pm}1.44,\;15.45{\pm}1.77,\;and\;8.34{\pm}1.02$, respectively, and the redness was lower than that of other ones. Those of Doenjang were $26.69{\pm}4.33,\;7.25{\pm}1.03,\;and\;12.02{\pm}1.82$, respectively, and those of Chunggukjang were $35.62{\pm}2.05,\;6.31{\pm}0.37,\;and\;13.50{\pm}0.78$, respectively. These results indicate that the salt concentration and quality of traditional fermented soybean products manufactured in Folk Villages of Sunchang region must be lowered and standardized, respectively.

Changes in Nitrogen Compounds of Traditional Kochujang during Fermentation (재래식 고추장의 숙성 중 질소성분의 변화)

  • Kim, Young-Soo;Shin, Dong-Bin;Koo, Min-Seon;Oh, Hoon-Il
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.389-392
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    • 1994
  • Changes in free amino acids and amino nitrogen of traditional kochujang were investigated during 180 days of fermentation. Tested kochujang included Sunchang kochujang prepared with glutinous rice, Boeun kochujang prepared with barley, and Sachun kochujang prepared with wheat. Amino acids remarkably increased during fermentation were methionine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine and tyrosine. However, regardless of kinds of kochujang major free amino acids were serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and proline. Glutamic acid was noted as the most contributing to the savory taste of kochujang in relation to the increasing ratio and content among tree amino acids during fermentaion. The correlation coefficent between totals of free amino acids and the contents of amino nitrogen were relatively high (0.87

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Isolation, Identification, and Fermentation Characteristics of Bacillus sp. with High Protease Activity from Traditional Cheonggukjang (전통 청국장으로부터 protease 분비능이 우수한 Bacillus sp. 균주의 분리 동정 및 발효 특성)

  • Ahn, Yong-Sun;Kim, Yong-Suk;Shin, Dong-Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.82-87
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    • 2006
  • Twenty one strains strongly producing protease were isolated from Korean traditional Cheonggukjang. Eight strains selected by sensory evaluation on Cheonggukjang prepared with isolated strains were identified with based on biochemical properties a and 16S rDNA sequencing. Identified strains were Bacillus subtilis MB4, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A1, A2, B1, MC1, SB2, SC1, and SD1. Protease activities, important strain selection factor, were higher in Cheongjukjang prepared with B. subtilis MB4 (179.6 Unit) and B. amyloliquefaciens SB2 (201.9 Unit) than commercial traditional Cheonggukjang (97.9 Unit). Sensory evaluation revealed Cheonggukjang prepared with B. subtilis MB4 had flavor very similar to commercial traditional Cheonggukjang. Cheonggukjang prepared with B. suhtilis MB4 (0.0006 Pa s) and commercial traditional Cheonggukjang (0.0002 Pa s) revealed lower viscosities than those of Cheonggukjang prepared with B. amyloliquefaciens SB2, MC1, B1, A1, SD1, A2, and SC1 (0.006 to 0.008 Pa s at 1001/s. Results show Cheonggukjang could be prepared using single strain of B. subtilis MB4, maintaining high protease activity and very similar sensory and viscosity qualities with those of commercial traditional Cheonggukjang.

The Dietary Habits of the Nonagenarian Population in Longevity Belt in Korea (장수벨트지역 장수인의 식생활 특성)

  • Lee, Mee-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.513-524
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    • 2005
  • The dietary habits and eating behaviors of nonagenarian subjects over 90 years old in Korean representative longevity belts of Damyang, Gokseong, Kurye, Sunchang were evaluated. The subjects of the study were 91 elderly people (26 males and 65 females) over 90 years old and their dietary habits, food preferences and meal patterns were collected by individual interview. The percentage of subjects, who answered 'very good' or 'good' for their health status, was $65.9\%$. In this study, $55\%$ of subjects were without chronic diseases, and there was no significance difference in gender. Many subjects had performed regular exercise and outdoor activity. The rate of eating together with their family was $79.1\%$. Most of subjects ($91.2\%$) had a regular mealtime consuming three meals a day, and they had good appetite and pleasure of eating. The higher preference of food group was fruits ($95.6\%$), legumes ($94.5\%$), mushrooms ($93.4\%$) and vegetables ($92.3\%$), but the amount of intakes is higher in vegetables than the others. Eating with family, regular exercise and self-rated good health are improved their nutrient intakes. Most frequently consumed meal pattern was rice plus soup and side dishes. The side dish consumed frequently was Namul (blanch and seasoned vegetables). From this study, the nonagenarian populations in longevity belt in Korea have good dietary habits such as regular mealtime, constant amount of meal and eat with pleasure. They are taking Korean traditional meal pattern, providing enriched antioxidant vegetable foods. Also, it can be concluded that the amount and quality of diet in the long-lived elderly are responsible for the Korean traditional family system.

Changes in Physicochemical Characteristics of Black Raspberry Wines from Different Regions During Fermentation (국내 복분자 주요 산지별 복분자주 제조 및 발효특성 분석)

  • Lee, Seung-Joo;Ahn, Bo-Mi
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.662-667
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    • 2009
  • In this study, four Korean black raspberry wines were developed using raspberries from different regions in Korea; Gochang (G), Hoengseong (H), Jeongeup (J), Sunchang (S). Sample wines were monitored for titratable acidity, ethanol, pH, reducing sugar content, color intensity, hue, total phenolic content, and organic acids during alcoholic fermentation and aging. After fermentation was complete, the pH levels in the four wines were in a similar range (3.43-3.52), while total acidity levels ranged from 9.98 to 16.2 g/L, which were significantly different among the four wines. During 120 days of aging, the ethanol content ranged from 15.8 to 16.40% which corresponds to a good conversion rate of sugars. Among the four samples tested, the wine made with Jeongeup raspberries showed the highest levels of total phenolic content, and other color values such as hue and intensity. The predominant organic acids were citric acids (3.30-4.89 mg/mL) and succinic acids (1.92-3.48 mg/mL). Overall the wine made with Jeongeup raspberries showed differences in physico-chemical compositions compared to the other wines made with Gochang, Hoengseong, and Sunchang raspberries, respectively.

Prevention of Swelling and Quality Improvement of Sunchang Traditional Kochujang by Natural Additives (천연첨가물을 이용한 전통고추장의 유통중 팽창억제 및 품질개선)

  • 정도연;송미란;신동화
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.605-610
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    • 2001
  • To suppress the gas forming caused by some yeast in the pack of traditional kochujang prepared at Sunchang area, which is the most severe problem during distribution of commercial products, mustard or horseradish powder as natural preservatives was mixed to the ingredients of kochujang and left for fermentation in clay pot as commercial scale for 180 day. The composition changes including quality and gas formaing in the kochujang containing those additives were monitored physicochemically and organoleptically. The fermented kochujang containing those additives were monitored physicohemically and organoleptically. The fermented kochujang containing 0.6% of horseradish showed lower organic acid content than that of the control but amino type nitrogen content, which is one of the important quality reference of kochujang, was higher in the one containing 0.6% natural preservatives. No color changed in the kochujang containing mustard but L and a value were increased in the kochujang containing horseradish. No difference of free reducing sugars was showed by the addition of those natural preservatives and the addition of 0.6% horseradish to kochujang had completely stopped gas forming during fermentation. The overall quality of the kochujang containing 0.6% horseradish was superior than that of the other treatments.

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Changes in Physiochemical Properties of Kochujang by Red Ginseng Addition (홍삼 첨가에 따른 고추장의 이화학적 특성 변화)

  • 신현주;신동화;곽이성;주종재;김선영
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.760-765
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    • 1999
  • Changes in physiochemical properties of Sunchang sikhe kochujang, the most famous traditional kochujang, by red ginseng addition(1, 2 and 5% red ginseng on the total weight basis) were investigated. Measurements of physiochemical parameters such as reducing sugar content, alcohol content, amino type nitrogen content and color difference value were conducted during fermentation at 25oC for 120 days. Alcohol content was increased from the begining of fermentation, reaching at the highest level after 90 days of fermentation and then slowly reduced. Alcohol content of red ginseng kochujang was generally higher than that of control kochujang after 90 days of fermentation. Crude protein content of control kochujang and red ginseng kochujang were reduced during fermentation whereas amino type nitrogen content were gradually increased during fermentation. Amino type nitrogen content of red ginseng kochujang appeared to be slightly lower than that of the control kochujang. The reduction in amino type nitrogen content of red ginseng kochujang was negatively related to the level of red ginseng addition. Among color difference values, L and b value of both control kochujang and red ginseng kochujang were reduced by 30 days from the begining of fermentation and then started to be increased.

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