• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2007

At the moment, the reduction of building energy consumption is a unavoidable task of mankind for conserving global environment. Decreasing overall U-value of building envelope and air infiltration, especially in Korean climate condition with clear four seasons, are the obvious solutions for the objective. Thus low glazing ratio with small window openings are required for heating and cooling load reduction in buildings. Using larger window openings could provide better natural ventilation but it also increases the direct solar radiation penetration into indoor space, heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. On the other hand, the ventilation rates decreasing problem with smaller window openings could be occurred. As a solution for it, the use of casement window can cause increasing natural ventilation rates by wing wall effect. This paper focuses on deduce the most efficient opening type of casement window in Korean climate. To estimate ventilation performance of each opening types, CFD simulation was used. The best performance of opening type in every wind direction is opening both windows to the center and the most appropriate opening type for Korean climate is also opening both windows to center.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2012

For this paper, a study targeting 9 forest patches in Dangjin to suggest for the wild birds, was conducted. The correlation between the emergence of wild birds and the forest vegetation was analyzed, and the patterns of forest vegetation for the improvement of species diversity were suggested by classifying wild birds and foraging guild by the type of forest vegetation. As for the characteristics of the wild birds emerged, more species and bigger population appeared in the vegetation type of mixed stand forest where the natural deciduous broadleaf trees and evergreen needleleaf trees coexisted in the large scale vegetation area. Thus, it was known that the advent of summer migratory birds and resident birds were affected the most by forest patches and vegetation types. As for foraging guild, the larger the forest paches the more the species and the population of the wild birds inhabiting in shrubs and bushes.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2008

Many neurotoxigenic clostridia are found in soil. Among animals, birds are especially susceptible to botulism, perhaps because they feed on insects, invertebrate carcasses, and decayed feeds contaminated with spores of Clostridium (C.) botulinum. C. botulinum type C is mainly involved in avian botulism. In the summer of 2005, death of a mute swan (cygnus olor) living in the pond of large bird cage was found in Seoul Grand Park Zoo. The birds presented presumptive clinical signs of botulism, such as ruffled hackle feathers, abnormal posture of the head, weakness, and flaccid paralysis. At that time, pond water in the breeding facilities was drained for 7 days, but there were still remained water containing sediment of feed and feces. Therefore, botulism was suspected and an experimentation were made to detect C. botulinum in the dead mute swan. Gross post-mortem findings of a mute swan showed jelly-like hemorrhagic contents in the intestine, sands and vegetations in the stomach. C. botulinum was isolated from the liver, small intestine and large intestine samples. Botulism was also confirmed by mouse inoculation test with the organ samples. With PCR, a gene encoding C. botulinum type C toxin was detected for the several organs of the mute swan died. These results suggested that death of mute swan was caused by C. botulinum type C.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.16-26
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• 1999

Five soil mixture with seven turfgrass species when placed over a plastic sheet were evaluated for influence on covering rate, visual rating, visual color and sad development. The result were as follows. 1. The last covering rate was high on sand+bark and on Kentucky bluegrass, respectively while the early covering rate was high on sand+peat and on perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. respectively. 2. Both sand and sand+sandy loam caused poor effects on the covering rate and the visual rating. 3. The early growth was good on perennial ryegrass but the covering rate and the visual rating gradually turned poor because of summer drought. 4. Visual color was high on sand+bark and on Kentucky bluegrass, respectively. 5. Covering rate, visual rating and visual color was best evaluated on Kentucky bluegrass during winter. 6. Sad was highly developed on sand+bark and sand+peat as compared with on the other soil mixture. 7. The carpet-type sad was best developed on Kentucky bluegrass.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to provide information on how to improve the current design of infant coveralls through analysis of the design preferences of Korean consumer. In order to compile the information about preferences with the detail design of infant coveralls, a questionnaire was administered to mothers of 241 infants (aged under 36 months) living in Seoul, and analyzed using the SPSS WIN.10.0 program. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Results of buying conditions and design preference of infant coverall : To the question asking what kind of materials they preferred according to the season as material for infant coverall, the respondents preferred cotton hit as the materials for summer, but padding material for winter. The most favored design type were a flat collar, regular bodice type without cutting line, a raglan sleeves, snap front fastener, elastic band cuffs. 2) There is significant difference in preferred material and design among the month of age groups. 3) Analysis of the differences in preferred material and detail design according to gender In preferred material, it seemed as if girl baby group prefer cotton knit material, while boy baby group prefer padding material. There is definite difference in preferred neckline type, girl baby group prefer flat collar, while boy baby group prefer stand collar.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2015

Many students can experience, such as for credit and social activities through field trips and participate in field trips. For on-site field training exercise participants currently in Gwangju University They take part in field trip 1, 2, 3 and 4 as the type.. Field Practice 1 type in summer and 2 in winter of 4-week period during vacation holidays with 3 credits, field trips 3 type of 8-week period during vacational holidays with 6 credits recognized for \400,000 in job training fee is also payable by the Leaders in INdustry-university Cooperation Agency. 4 types of job training are fourth grade (Architecture Grade 5) can be employed in conjunction for more than 15 weeks and admitted to the second semester of 15 credits by participating in job training. For most schools, but to pay a fee-job training at the University of Hanyang University, Kyungpook National University has a student assistance in the field training participating companies. This establishment does not have a clear idea of the legal entities responsible in the event of industrial accidents. Academic research is also nonexistent state for them. In this paper, we distinguish the personality for it via the existing labor precedents with respect to the legal responsibility of an industrial accident. This aims at putting the means to establish the role of the University of job training support.

• 한국조명전기설비학회지:조명전기설비
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.64-73
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• 1997

국내에서 가정용 보일러에 사용되고 있는 기존의 순환펌프는 캔(canned)형 순환펌프로서 거의 수입에 의존하고 있는 실정이며, 이것은 고정자와 회전자의 간격이 넓어 효율이 떨어지고, 또한 여름철 비가동시에는 캔과 회전자 사이가 고착되어 초기가동이 불가능하게 됨으로서 펌프의 수명을 단축시키는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점들을 극복하고 기존의 순화펌프의 개념을 완전히 탈피한 평면대향형 브러시리스 전동기에 의한 전자식 순환펌프를 개발하고자 한다. 개발된 전자식 순화펌프는 실험을 통하여 기존의 캔형 순환펌프보다 크기 및 소음의 축소, 원가절감, 효율의 향상 등 이점을 가지고 있음을 보였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate of the outdoor thermal environment by building scale and block type as variable factors. In this study, 18 cases of office in central business district that have different condition are compared about their surface temperature, HIP(Heat Island Potential), and MRT(Mean Radiant Temperature). They are simulated with 3-dimension numerical simulation software named Hoyano-model. The output results contain visualized distribution chart and numerical data. The results of evaluation are as follows. (1)The surface temperature of the building becomes higher as building coverage ratio is higher but floor area ratio is lower. In same conditions, unified block type is maximum $3.2^{\circ}C$ higher than divided block type. (2)HIP shows different daily pattern as block type. During daytime, divided block type is much higher than unified block type but after sunset, it is changed. (3)MRT shows different distribution pattern as sunlight moves expecially at noon. (4)As the results of this study, cases that have high floor area ratio condition show lower surface temperature by tendency to stay low indoor temperature in office building and big rate of windows on building surface.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 1993

This study was designed to devise work wear for plastic house worker. It was carried out (1) research on the clothing actual condition through interviewings with plastic house worker and observations, (2) thermal manikin test to measure thermal resistance of experimental clothes and (3) clothing comparing test in the laboratory and in the plastic house. In the laboratory experiment, it was choosen general type (A) and new devised types (B, C) made of microporous fabric for experimental clothes. Experimental clothes were made of 6 combinations including 3 type work wears (A, B, C) and 2 type underwears (1, 2). In the plastic house experiment, it was choosen general types of A (without rest place) and B (with rest place), and devised type C (with rest place), which was appeared good effect in the laboratory experiment. The results were as followings. 1. Work environment of the plastic house in summer and winter was very different from the outer environment. Work motion in the plastic house was burden to the plastic house workers. 2. Plastic house workers had on the general type's work wear. 3. As a result of thermal manikin test, thermal resistance was appeared B1>B2>C2>C1>A1>A2 in orders. 4. In the laboratory experiment, experimental clothes A was appeared smaller burden than B, C. Effect of mesh underwear was not appeared in this study condition. In subjective sensation, experimental clothes C was lower vote than A. Therefore experimental clothes C was superior to A in subjective wearing sensation. 5. In the plastic house experiment, the experimental conditions with rest place were appeared smaller burden than without rest place. General type B was appeared more positive physiological reactions than devised type C but significances between two types was not appeared.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1043-1050
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• 2000

시판 라면(봉지면과 용기면)의 국수를 대상으로 생산시기(여름과 겨울)별 성분 차이, 조리중 영양소 손실양, 조리 라면의 성분과 열량을 분석하였다. 라면의 지방으로부터 섭취할 수 있는 열량은 라면 전체 열량을 기준으로 하면 봉지면의 경우 30.8%, 용기면의 34.1%가 지방으로부터 유래하였다. 라면을 생산시기별로는 일반성분과 열량에 차이가 없었고, 용기면은 봉지면보다 수분 함량이 낮았고, 지방 함량과 열량이 컸다. 열량은 수분 또는 탄수화물함량과 부(-)상관관계를, 지방함량과는 정(+)상관관계를 보였다. 라면 열량은 수분 함량만으로 예측이 가능하였고, 조리에 의한 열량 손실은 봉지면이 3.5%, 용기면이 7.7%이었으나 실제 라면 소비시 국물을 모두 섭취하는 경우 열량 손실은 문제가 되지 않는다.