• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.357-360
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• 2005

In the synthesis of the continuously distributed line source antennas with arbitrary patterns, the formulas of Taylor sum pattern and Bayliss difference pattern have been mainly used. In this paper, an optimization scheme is newly presented to directly synthesize the desired difference patterns from Taylor line source formula, and then the distributions are numerically adapted to the specified difference patterns by using an appropriate iterative sampling method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.6 s.360
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• pp.57-63
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• 2007

In this paper, a new approach to the optimum synthesis of line source difference patterns is proposed for the monopulse tracking way antennas. In the Proposed scheme, which is different from the well-known Bayliss difference pattern synthesis, the difference patterns with the desired individual sidelobe levels are optimally synthesized by appropriately modifying the Taylor line source sum pattern formula. That is, the relationship between the difference pattern and the corresponding source distribution function is analytically established, and then the desired pattern and the distribution are simultaneously extracted by the optimum perturbation of pattern null positions. Furthermore this method provides more rapid sidelobe decay rates than conventional methods. Some numerical results show the validity and usefulness of the proposed procedures.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 2014

In this paper, we compare the quality of images reconstructed by a conventional delayed-sum (DS) algorithm and radiation pattern-based DS algorithm. In order to evaluate the quality of images, we apply the target-to-clutter ratio (TCR), which is commonly used in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image assessment. The radiation pattern-based DS algorithm enhances the TCR of the image by focusing the target signals and preventing contamination of the radar scene. We first consider synthetic data obtained through GprMax2D/3D, a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) forward solver. Experimental data of a 2-GHz bandwidth stepped-frequency signal are collected using a vector network analyzer (VNA) in an anechoic chamber setup. The radiation pattern-based DS algorithm shows a 6.7-dB higher TCR compared to the conventional DS algorithm.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1176-1179
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• 2011

In this paper, design of series-fed microstrip antennas with sum and difference patterns is presented for millimeter-wave applications. The antenna was designed to exhibit high-gain and low side-lobe level(SLL) below -20 dB. A conventional transmission-line model, Taylor and Bayliss distributions were employed to determine current distribution for sum and difference patterns. Moreover, connecting lines between microstrip patches were tuned to achieve an optimized design. The measurement was also performed to validate the designed antennas.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.132-143
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to know the correlation of transvaginal sonography findings, CA-125 and blood stasis pattern for 15 adenomyosis patients. Methods: We got questionnaires from 15 patients among 243 patients who had hysterectomy related with adenomyosis in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, OO medical center from April 11th 2010 to November 15th 2010, and analyzed them. We conducted correlation analysis between age, pain(VAS), duration of pain and blood stasis score, and between difference and sum of uterine walls, CA-125 and blood stasis score. For statistics, we used Spearman correlation coefficient and SPSS version 17.0 for windows. Results: The correlation between sum of uterine walls and CA-125 showed statistical significance. The correlation between CA-125 and blood stasis score showed statistical significance. There is no statistically correlation between age, VAS, duration of the pain and blood stasis score. There is no statistically correlation between difference of uterine walls and CA-125, and between difference and sum of uterine walls and blood stasis score. Conclusion: The result showed that sum of uterine walls is related with CA-125. We need a further study to develop blood stasis indicators with a validated questionnaire, and more subjects involved at multiple institutions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.533-540
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• 2008

In the sum and difference pattern synthesis problem of the equi-spaced monopulse tracking linear array antennas, an efficient numerical approach to deriving the relative excitation current weights of antenna elements is presented for the desired patterns. This method is based on the optimum perturbation of null points which are inherent to the Schelkunoffs polynomial representing the pattern array factor. Accordingly, opposite to the conventional method in which the excitation weights are directly optimized, this method is advantageous in that the patterns with the desired individual sidelobe levels(SLLs) and the corresponding excitation weights are easily synthesized by the control of null points. Furthermore, it is showed that two types of difference patterns can be synthesized as imposing the different initial values of null points in the optimization process. The proposed method is numerically validated by synthesizing the patterns with the arbitrary SLLs and substituting the extracted results into the array factor equation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.720-728
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• 2011

In this paper, development of the monopulse secondary surveillance radar antenna which can be used for IFF system is presented. This antenna that is passive linear array is comprised of the row-feeder and several array-elements. The row-feeder provides sum, different and SLS(Sidelobe Supression) channels which are optimized the distribution of the power and phase ratio. The azimuthe sidelobe level of the sum channel beam pattern is -20 dBc or less. The SLS channel covers the sidelobe of the sum-chanel in the whole azimuth angle range. And the difference channel is used to perform the mono-pulse function, improves the detection accuracy in the azimuth direction. Meanwhile, the arrayelement makes shaped beam in the elevation angle, in order to eliminate the clutter and multipath effects from the ground. Performance of the antenna developed is verified by the measurement of S-parameters and far-field beam pattern, and satisfies all of the development specifications well.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Template matching is used for many applications in image processing. One of the most researched topics is object tracking. Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) is the basic statistical approach to match images. NCC is used for template matching or pattern recognition. A template can be considered from a reference image, and an image from a scene can be considered as a source image. The objective is to establish the correspondence between the reference and source images. The matching gives a measure of the degree of similarity between the image and the template. A problem with NCC is its high computational cost and occasional mismatching. To deal with this problem, this paper presents an algorithm based on the Sum of Squared Difference (SSD) and an adaptive template matching to enhance the quality of the template matching in object tracking. The SSD provides low computational cost, while the adaptive template matching increases the accuracy matching. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm is quite efficient for image matching. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by several situations in the results section.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.514-520
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• 2015

Sidelobe canceller(SLC) requires main beam pattern(SUM beam) and auxiliary beam patterns for rejection of sidelobe noise jammer. For best performance of sidelobe noise jamming cancellation of adaptive SLC, gain dominant region of each auxiliary beam pattern shall not be overlapped one another in elevation/azimuth regions of sidelobe of main beam, and beam patterns of auxiliary channels should have low gains in regions of mainlobe of main beam. In the monopulse radar, the difference beam patterns for monopulse processing have these properties. This paper proposes the method using data from the difference channel for monopulse processing as data from auxiliary channel for sidelobe cancellation. For the proposed SLC, the results of simulation and performance analysis was presented. If the proposed method is used in the monopulse radar, SLC can be constructed by using basic SUM and difference channels without extra channel composition.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.130-145
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to know stress and blood stasis pattern for the patients who had hysterectomy related with uterine myoma, adenomyosis, endometriosis. Methods: We got questionnaires from 55 patients among 243 patients who had hysterectomy related with uterine myoma, adenomyosis, endometriosis in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, OO medical center from April 11th 2010 to October 14th 2010, and analyzed them. We conducted correlation analysis between age, pain(VAS), duration of pain and blood stasis score, and between duration of pain, blood stasis score and the sum of Stress Response Index. We compared the sum of Stress Response Index, blood stasis score, VAS according to the result of pathology. For statistics, we used Pearson's correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney test, oneway analysis of variances(ANOVA) and SPSS version 17.0 for windows. Results: The correlation between duration of pain and blood stasis score showed statistical significance. The correlation between sum of the Stress Response Index and blood stasis score showed statistical significance. There is no statistically correlation between age, VAS, duration of the pain and blood stasis score. There is no statistically significant difference in sum of Stress Response Index, blood stasis score, VAS according to the result of pathology. Conclusion: The result showed that Stress is related with static blood, and the longer patients suffer from pain, the easier patients' blood to be static. Further study will be needed.