• 제목/요약/키워드: Sulfate Radical

검색결과 66건 처리시간 0.028초

Synthesis and Solution Properties of Zwitterionic Copolymer of Acrylamide with 3-[(2-Acrylamido)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate

  • Xiao, Hui;Hu, Jing;Jin, Shuailin;Li, Rui Hai
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제34권9호
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    • pp.2616-2622
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    • 2013
  • A novel zwitterionic monomer 3-[(2-acrylamido)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate (DMADAS) was designed and synthesized in this study. Then it was polymerized with acrylamide (AM) by free radical polymerization in 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution with ammonium persulfate ($(NH_4)_2S_2O_8$) and sodium sulfate ($NaHSO_3$) as initiator. The structure and composition of DMADAS and acrylamide-3-[(2-acrylamido)-dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate copolymer (P-AM-DMADAS) were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, $^1H$ NMR and elemental analyses. Isoelectric point (IEP) of P-AM-DMADAS was tested by nanoparticle size and potential analyzer. Solution properties of copolymer were studied by reduced viscosity. Antipolyelectrolyte behavior was observed and was found to be enhanced with increasing DMADAS content in copolymer. The results showed that the viscosity of P-AM-DMADAS is 5.472 dl/g in pure water. Electrolyte was added, which weakened the mutual attraction between sulfonic acid group and quaternary ammonium group. The conformation became loose, which led to the increase of reduced viscosity. The ability of monovalent and divalent cation influencing the viscosity of zwitterionic copolymer obeyed the following sequence: $Li^+$ < $Na^+$ < $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$ < $Ca^{2+}$ < $Ba^{2+}$, and that of anion is in the order: $Cl^-$ < $Br^-$ < $I^-$, $CO{_3}^{2-}$ > $SO{_3}^{2-}{\approx}SO{_4}^{2-}$.

Beneficial Effect of DA-9601, an Extract of Artemisiae Herba, on Animals Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

  • Ahn, Byoung-Ok;Ryu, Byong-Kweon;Ko, Jun-Il;Oh, Tae-Young;Kim, Soon-Hoe;Kim, Won-Bae;Yang, Jun-Nick;Lee, Eun-Bang;Hahm, Ki-Baik
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.165-173
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    • 1997
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of DA-9601, an extract of Artemisiae Herba, which is known to possess mucoprotective action either by free radical scavenging effect or increase of mucus secretion, against animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induced by trinirobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) or other noxious agents. Experimental colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of TNBS in 50% ethanol, or 1 ml of 7% acetic acid solution (AA), by subcutaneous injection of indomethacin (INDO) in rats, or by supplementing drinking water with 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in albino mice. DA-9601 was treated orally for 4 to 7 days. Animals were euthanized 1 day after the last treatment for morphological and biochemical analysises. All the noxious agents including TNBS, AA, INDO and DSS elicited severe colitis. The animals treated with DA-9601 showed a consistent, dose-related reduction in the severity of colitis, grossly and histologically. The reduction was significant (p<0.05) after administration of DA-9601 at dose range of 10 mg/kg or above. In TNBS-induced colitis, the rats receiving DA-9601 showed significantly decreased mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS), when compared to control and mesalazine groups. Mucosal proinflammatory cytokine levels were also decreased after DA-9601 treatment. In conclusion, DA-9601 ameliorated macroscopic and histologic scores in experimental colitis either through decreasing oxidative stress or by attenuating cytokines involved in inflammation. DA-9601 could be a promising drug for the therapy of IBD.

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Growth Period Effects on the Protective Properties of Aloe vera Against t-BHP-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chang Cells

  • Hwang, Jin-Woo;Kim, Eun-Kyung;Kim, Yon-Suk;Lee, Jae Woong;Lee, Jeong-Jun;Pyo, Han-Jong;Moon, Sang-Ho;Jeon, Byong-Tae;Park, Pyo-Jam
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제25권12호
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    • pp.2072-2081
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    • 2015
  • Aloe vera has been used in traditional medicine for the therapy of a variety of disorders, such as wounds and burns. However, few studies have examined the antioxidant capacities of A. vera plants during different growth periods. In order to investigate the effects of growth on antioxidant activity, A. vera was prepared from 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 12-month-old aloe. The extracts from 6-month-old A. vera showed the highest contents of flavonoids (9.750 mg catechin equivalent/g extract) and polyphenols (23.375 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.047 mM ferrous sulfate equivalent/mg extract). The extract from 6-month-old A. vera exhibited the highest free radical scavenging potential, and the lowest IC50 values were found for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (0.26 mg/ml) and alkyl radicals (0.50 mg/ml). In addition, the extract from 6-month-old A. vera showed the greatest effects on cell viability in normal liver cells. Based on these findings, the extract from 6-month-old A. vera was examined further in order to determine its protective potential against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress. The extract from 6-month-old A. vera at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml showed the highest protective activity against t-BHP-induced reactive oxygen species production. These findings suggested that harvesting regimens were critical in the regulation of effects of the bioactive potential of A. vera on antioxidant activity.

초음파 에너지를 이용한 Polystyrene Latex의 중합 특성 (Polymerization of Polystyrene Latex using Ultrasound Energy Effect)

  • 김형진;김원일;이승범;홍인권
    • 공업화학
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    • 제8권6호
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    • pp.886-892
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    • 1997
  • Polystyrene latex를 제조하는 여러방법중에서 상업적으로는 유화중합기술이 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 유화중합에서 사용되는 화학개시제가 환경오염 유발의 원인이 될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 고분자 중합 방법도 전통적 기술을 벗어나는 다양한 공정의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 화학 개시제를 초음파 에너지 효과로 대체하여 초음파 조사시에 나타나는 공동현상에 의한 자유 라디칼(free radical)을 생성시켜 polystyrene latex를 제조하였다. 제조된 polystyrene latex를 GPC로 분석한 결과 초음파 조사시간이 증가할수록 평균분자량은 증가하였으며 분산도는 감소하였다. 또한 계면활성제로 사용된 sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)의 농도가 증가할수록 중합도는 증가하였으며, SDS의 농도가 전체의 2wt.%이고 반응온도가 $40^{\circ}C$일 때 중합도는 $2.43{\times}10^4$으로 최대값을 나타내었다. 중합이 진행되는 동안 해중합이 동시에 발생하므로 평균분자량은 증가와 감소를 반복하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 초음파 조사시간과 계면활성제의 농도를 조절하므로써 분자량이 조절된 좁은 분자량 분포의 polystyrene latex를 제조할 수 있었다.

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분광학적 방법에 의한 계면활성제의 확인 (Qualitative Identification of Surfactants by Spectroscopic Method)

  • 안종일;조종희;박신자;김종길;전지혜;이정복;박홍수
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.306-315
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    • 2001
  • Our study is aimed at proposal of systematic verification method of molecular structure using measuring method of selective ionic determination and spectrometry on 34 kinds of surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) which are most widely used today. In the IR spectrum, unsaturated fatty acids reveal themselves by HC= at $3000{\sim}3020cm^{-1}$, and intensity of $720cm^{-1}$ depends on carbon length of alkyl group. Also ethylene oxide(EO) adducts exhibit weak characteristic bands by $-CH_{2}-CH_{2}-O$ at 1350, 1100 and $950cm^{-1}$. Isethionate can be distinguished from diester succinate by intensity ratio of 1740 and $1200cm^{-1}$ spectrums, the ratio of latter is close to 1 due to 2 carboxylate radical in diester succinate. Quaternary ammonium salts exhibit characteristic band of $C_{4}N^{+}$ at $1000-900㎝^{-1}$. In the case of dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts in quaternary ammonium surfactants, the spectrum of $3000cm^{-1}$ by $N-CH_{3}$ collapses to a very weak band at $3020cm^{-1}$. In ammonium heterocyclic derivatives, pyridinium salts show characteristic bands at 1640 and $1460cm^{-1}$, while imidazolinium salts exhibit characteristic band at $1620-1610cm^{-1}$. In the characteristic spectrum at $1080-1050cm^{-1}$ on OH radicals of the alkyl esters, primary alcohol appears as weak band and the 2 bands show in almost same intensity when primary and secondary alcohols exist together in one molecule. Also, alkyl ester of polyhydric alcohols appears as various broad band.

조미김(Pyropia yezoensis)의 가열조건 및 저장기간에 따른 항산화활성의 변화 (Change in the Antioxidant Activity of Roasted Seasoned Laver Pyropia yezoensis with Heat Processing and Storage)

  • ;최용준;;;최병대
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.362-368
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    • 2018
  • There is increased consumer demand for roasted seasoned laver Pyropia yezoensis, processed in various ways. The antioxidative activity of roasted seasoned laver was evaluated at different storage times and the quality of the roasted seasoned laver was improved. The laver was also heated at different temperatures for 3 seconds: $340^{\circ}C$ (SH340), $345^{\circ}C$ (SH345), $350^{\circ}C$ (SH350) and commercial roasted seasoned laver (D) was used as standard. The samples were stored in a transparent acrylic case ($39{\times}27{\times}18cm$) at room temperature for 10 weeks. The total phenolic content began to decrease after 7 weeks of storage and was 395.2, 386.4, 395.8 and $416.4{\mu}g/100g$ for SH340, SH345, SH350 and D, respectively. The respective DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity after 7 weeks of storage were 48.6%, 49.5%, 47.7% and 46.1%. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased rapidly after 7 weeks of storage due to the influence of sulfate groups. Therefore, the appropriate storage period and packaging method should be established based on these results.

동결보존액에 울금에서 추출한 Curcumin의 첨가가 정자의 운동성과 활성산소 생성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Curcumin from Turmeric Supplementation in Freezing Buffer on Sperm Motilities and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation)

  • 이은주;김대영
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 2017
  • In this experiment, we determined the effect of curcumin supplementation in freezing buffer for miniature pig sperm cryopreservation. Each ejaculate was diluted with modified Modena B extender and mixed with lactose-egg yolk (LEY extender, 80% v/v lactose solution [310 mM], 20% v/v egg yolk, and $100{\mu}g/mL$ kanamycin sulfate) and LEY-glycerol Orvus ES Paste (LEYGO, 89.5% v/v LEY, 5% v/v glycerol, 1.5% v/v Orvus ES Paste), 100 mM trehalose supplemented with 0, 10, 50, 100, and $500{\mu}M$ of curcumin from turmeric, respectively. Following equilibration, the 0.5 mL French straws were frozen and plunged into $LN_2$ tank for 7 days at least. Sperm parameter and oxidative byproducts were determined by the computer assisted sperm motility analysis (CASA) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) as compared with each groups. Supplementation of curcumin had no effect on sperm motility, progressive motility and curvilinear velocity. However, average-path velocity and straight-line velocity were significantly higher in $10{\mu}M$ curcumin group ($100.9{\pm}8.8{\mu}m/s$, $61.7{\pm}2.9{\mu}m/s$, respectively) than control group ($77.8{\pm}3.9{\mu}m/s$, $46.4{\pm}3.0{\mu}m/s$, respectively) (p < 0.05). In addition, the level of the O2 radical and H2O2 were comparatively decreased in curcumin groups by evaluation of ethidium and DCF fluorescence. According to the results, curcumin can improve sperm kinetic variables and alleviate ROS induced cryoinjury to pig sperm.

Comparison of Functional Properties of Blood Plasma Collected from Black Goat and Hanwoo Cattle

  • Shine Htet Aung;Edirisinghe Dewage Nalaka Sandun Abeyrathne;Mahabbat Ali;Dong Uk Ahn;Young-Sun Choi;Ki-Chang Nam
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제43권1호
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    • pp.46-60
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    • 2023
  • Slaughterhouse blood is a by-product of animal slaughter that can be a good source of animal protein. This research purposed to examine the functional qualities of the blood plasma from Hanwoo cattle, black goat, and their hydrolysates. Part of the plasma was hydrolyzed with proteolytic enzymes (Bacillus protease, papain, thermolysin, elastase, and α-chymotrypsin) to yield bioactive peptides under optimum conditions. The levels of hydrolysates were evaluated by 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antioxidant, metal-chelating, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties of intact blood plasma and selected hydrolysates were investigated. Accordingly, two plasma hydrolysates by protease (pH 6.5/55℃/3 h) and thermolysin (pH 7.5/37℃/3-6 h) were selected for analysis of their functional properties. In the oil model system, only goat blood plasma had lower levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than the control. The diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was higher in cattle and goat plasma than in proteolytic hydrolysates. Ironchelating activities increased after proteolytic degradation except for protease-treated cattle blood. Copper-chelating activity was excellent in all test samples except for the original bovine plasma. As for ACE inhibition, only non-hydrolyzed goat plasma and its hydrolysates by thermolysin showed ACE inhibitory activity (9.86±5.03% and 21.77±3.74%). In conclusion, goat plasma without hydrolyzation and its hydrolysates can be a good source of bioactive compounds with functional characteristics, whereas cattle plasma has a relatively low value. Further studies on the molecular structure of these compounds are needed with more suitable enzyme combinations.

Analytical Methods and Effects of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Animal Products: A Mini-Review

  • Jae Won Jeong;Seung Yun Lee;Da Young Lee;Jae Hyeon Kim;Seung Hyeon Yun;Juhyun Lee;Ermie Jr. Mariano;Sung Sil Moon;Sun Jin Hur
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.533-550
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    • 2024
  • Peptides with bioactive effects are being researched for various purposes. However, there is a lack of overall research on pork-derived peptides. In this study, we reviewed the process of obtaining bioactive peptides, available analytical methods, and the study of bioactive peptides derived from pork. Pepsin and trypsin, two representative protein digestive enzymes in the body, are hydrolyzed by other cofactors to produce peptides. Bicinchoninic acid assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, chromatography, and in vitro digestion simulation systems are utilized to analyze bioactive peptides for protein digestibility and molecular weight distribution. Pork-derived peptides mainly exhibit antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. The antioxidant activity of bioactive peptides increases the accessibility of amino acid residues by disrupting the three-dimensional structure of proteins, affecting free radical scavenging, reactive oxygen species inactivation, and metal ion chelating. In addition, the antihypertensive activity decreases angiotensin II production by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and suppresses blood pressure by blocking the AT1 receptor. Pork-derived bioactive peptides, primarily obtained using papain and pepsin, exhibit significant antioxidant and antihypertensive activities, with most having low molecular weights below 1 kDa. This study may aid in the future development of bioactive peptides and serve as a valuable reference for pork-derived peptides.

Effects of gold and green kiwifruit juices on the physicochemical properties and tenderness of pork loin and antioxidant activity during incubation (24 h) in a pork model system

  • Haeun Kim;Koo Bok Chin
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제37권5호
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    • pp.908-917
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    • 2024
  • Objective: Although pork loins is not a tough meat, they need to develop meat products with a soft texture for the elderly. This study focused on the physicochemical properties and tenderness characteristics of pork loin injected with green kiwifruit juice (GRJ) and gold kiwifruit juice (GOJ) during various incubation times. In addition, the antioxidant activities of hydrolysate derived from the hydrolysis of pork loin by kiwifruit juice protease were evaluated. Methods: The pork loin was injected with 10% and 20% GRJ and GOJ, under various incubation times (0, 4, 8, and 24 h). Then, the physicochemical properties and tenderness of pork loins were measured. 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power were conducted to determine hydrolysate's antioxidant activities derived from pork loin's hydrolysis by kiwifruit juice protease. Results: GRJ had greater tenderizing ability than GOJ, even at the 10% addition. When kiwifruit juice was injected into pork loin, the tenderness increased with increasing incubation time. This was confirmed by the decrease in intensity of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In particular, the MHC band decreased at 8 h for both 10% GRJ and 20% GOJ and at 4 h for 20% GRJ alone. The highest myofibril fragmentation index and peptide solubility were observed in pork loin treated with 20% GRJ compared to the other treatments during incubation. The 10% GRJ and 20% GOJ treatments showed similar levels of antioxidant activity of the protein hydrolysates in pork loin, and 20% GRJ showed the highest activity among the treatments. Conclusion: Kiwifruit juice had protease activity, and GRJ was more useful for tenderizing meat products than GOJ. Thus, GRJ at 10% could be a potential agent to tenderize and enrich the natural antioxidant activity through the proteolysis of pork loin.