• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.324-333
• /
• 2022

Background: The Korean scarlet dwarf, Nannophya koreana Bae (Odonata: Libellulidae), is anendangered dragonfly with an increasing risk of extinction owing to rapid climate changes and human activities. To prevent extinction, the N. koreana population and their habitat should be protected. Therefore, suitable habitat evaluation is important to build the N. koreana restoration project. The habitat suitability index model (HSI) has been widely used for habitat evaluation in diverse organisms. Results: To build a suitable HSI model for N. koreana, 16 factors were examined by seven experienced researchers. A field survey for N. koreana observed sites and spatial analysis were conducted to improve the model. Five factors were finally selected by this procedure (crown density, open water surface, water depth, pioneer plant cover, and type of water source). Finally, the N. koreana HSI model was generated with the five adjusted factors based on interview, field survey, and spatial analysis. This model was validated by a current N. koreana habitat in 2021. With this model, 46 sites in Uljin-gun, Korea, were surveyed for N. koreana habitats; five sites were identified as core habitats and seven as potential core habitats. Conclusions: This model will serve as a strong foundation for the N. koreana restoration project and as a reference for future studies on N. koreana and other endangered insect populations. Further analysis and long-term data will improve the efficacy of this model and restore endangered wildlife.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.202-206
• /
• 2015

Site index curves were developed for Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis in Gangwon and North Gyeongsang provinces in Korea. For the development of site index, Schumacher and Chapman-Richards model were applied using the data collected from 2012 to 2014. Base age was set to 40 years for Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis in site index of this study. Coefficient of determination and root mean square error of site index models were provided by species, and the models were compared with the previous studies to check the suitability. Overall, site index models developed in this study fitted in the current data well. Thus, the site indexes are considered to be properly used in Gangwon and North Gyeongsang provinces.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 2011

This study developed a HSI for the creatures in Hongcheon River in order to analyze the conditions proper for habitats. For the index, the investigator identified a total of seven items encompassing hydraulic characteristics such as flow velocity and water depth, and water quality characteristics such as water temperature, BOD, DO, TN, and TP. The subject river was simulated, inspected, and revised with a two-dimensional river model (RMA-2) and water quality model (QUAL2E). Using GIS, the developed index was divided by section by reflecting river characteristics and compared and analyzed with the statistics. The river was divided into a total of 29 reaches by reflecting the basic characteristics and the features of the hydraulic coefficient on the cross-sections of the river. According to the analysis results, the fish scored the highest mean of the overall habitat suitability index of 0.769 at reach 27. Each of the variables had the following mean values: 0.122 m/s for flow velocity, 0.782m for water depth, $14.3^{\circ}C$ for water temperature, 0.68 mg/l for BOD, 10.3 mg/l for DO, 2.4 mg/l for TN, and 0.0121mg/l for TP.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.101-113
• /
• 2015

Air quality index (AQI) or air pollution index (API) is commonly used to report the level of severity of air pollution to public. A number of methods were developed in the past by various researchers/environmental agencies for determination of AQI or API but there is no universally accepted method exists, which is appropriate for all situations. Different method uses different aggregation function in calculating AQI or API and also considers different types and numbers of pollutants. The intended uses of AQI or API are to identify the poor air quality zones and public reporting for severity of exposure of poor air quality. Most of the AQI or API indices can be broadly classify as single pollutant index or multi-pollutant index with different aggregation method. Every indexing method has its own characteristic strengths and weaknesses that affect its suitability for particular applications. This paper attempt to present a review of all the major air quality indices developed worldwide.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2016

Narrow-mouth frog (Kaloula borealis) is the only amphibian species of genus Kaloula living in South Korea. They are designated and managed as endangered class II wildlife by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. Therefore, there is a desperate need of a habitat restoration study to prevent the extinction of narrow-mouth frog. This study is primarily for the purpose of presenting the direction and practical applications to restore damaged narrow-mouth frog habitats or to suggest alternative habitat options. The habitat suitability index (HSI) of narrow-mouth frog was applied to the research area in Mokpo City of Jeollanam-do Province, in order to present a new narrow-mouth frog habitat. We analyzed the research area based on historical contexts, ecological environment, ecology, and habitat requirements. The research area was divided into the core, buffer, and transition zones according to UNESCO MAB (Man and Biosphere) to establish local land-use plans. As for the foundation of the plan, we divided the habitat composition of the core, where narrow-mouth frog live in, into wetland (spawning area), grassland (shelter and feeding grounds), and forestland (feeding ground). We had a comparative analysis of habitat suitability in pre and post planning of narrow-mouth frog habitat restoration. For the validation study of habitat restoration plans, the future research should be on the composition of test-bed, continuous monitoring, and scientific habitat maintenance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.51-66
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to develop detailed evaluation indicator as a way for evaluating sustainable urban ecosystem health focused on ecological urban elements from an eco-cultural point of view after the appearance of Eco-cultural City to meet various needs. And this study was also conducted to search for ways to utilize the detailed evaluation indicator like institutionalization. Eco-cultural City was defined as a city where ecological environment and cultural environment coexist and was aimed to derive applicable planning indicators in Korea. For this, FGI was executed, planning indicators were derived, and suitability was examined. The weights were calculated based on the selected indicators through AHP expert survey. After getting the result of FGI, experts reviewed the adequacy of definition from Eco-cultural City and its necessity, and the applicability of planning indicators was examined with evaluation of suitability. As a result of evaluating suitability, it was judged that 41 indicators based on an overall average of 4 areas were relatively high on suitability and also important among sectors. As for the analysis result, the priority order in multistage classification was as followed : harmony between human and environment(B) 0.349, environmental resources(A) 0.266, city environment and quality of culture(C) 0.208, and role division and citizen participation(D) 0.177. In the second level of relative importance, environment protection and infra in the role and citizen participation section was the highest, 0.449, harmonization policy and system in calculating weights was the highest.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2022

Background: In South Korea, African swine fever virus (ASFV) has spread among wild boars through Gangwon-do to Dangyang-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do on the southern border of Gangwon-do. To prevent the spread of ASFV to African swine fever (ASF)-free areas, it is necessary to identify areas with a high probability of finding ASFV-infected carcasses and to reduce the density of wild boars in those areas. In this study, we described the propagation trend of ASFV among wild boars, constructed the habitat suitability maps for ASFV-infected carcasses, and suggested areas with a high probability of finding ASFV-infected carcasses and an important route of ASFV transmission. Results: Despite the active quarantine policies in Korea to prevent the spread of ASFV through wild boars, there was no significant difference in the monthly average of number of ASFV-infected carcasses observed between 2020 and 2021. The ASFV-infected carcasses were found more in winter and spring (January to April). Since the first ASF outbreak in wild boars on October 2, 2019, the maximum width of ASFV-infected carcass distribution area was 222.7 km for about 26 months till November 20, 2021. The habitat suitability map, based on GPS coordinates of ASFV-infected wild boar carcasses, shows that highly detectable areas of ASFV-infected carcasses were sporadically dispersed in western and southwestern parts of Gangwon-do, and ranged from north to south of the province along the Baekdudaegan Mountains, whereas poorly detectable areas ranged along the north to the south in the middle parts of the province. Conclusions: Our suitability model, based on the GPS coordinates of ASFV-infected carcasses, identifies potential habitats where ASFV-infected carcasses are likely to be found and ponential routes where ASFV is likely to spread. Among ASF-free areas, the areas with high suitability predicted in this study should be given priority as survey areas to find ASFV-infected carcasses and hunting areas to reduce wild boar populations.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2009

The goal of this paper is to determine the suitability evaluation indices of a riverside reservoir space planning by classifying major indicators and calculating AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) based weights of them. The major indicators were set up based on literature review and questionnaire survey to experts. Four indicator categories were developed: location, environment, resource availability and economical efficiency. And they were divided into 12 sub-categories for calculating AHP-based weights. First, as for the major indicator categories, the calculation shows that the weighted index of environment is the most important at 0.458, followed by location at 0.128, economical efficiency at 0.170 and resource availability at 0.154. This suggests that environment is getting more public attention and the reservoir is regarded as a facility that is connected to a river. Those weight values were considered in calculating final weights for each of 12 sub-categories. Among them water quality and ecological environment take top ranks at 0.190 and 0.186, respectively. The lower ranks include access 0.112, resource availability of site 0.082, tourism resource 0.078, users 0.076, available land 0.052, area of site 0.031, shape of site and deterioration level 0.030 and percentage of private land 0.030 - which represents general considerations in other space planning. The difference of the top rank (water quality, 0.190) and the last one (percentage of private land, 0.027) is 0.163. The above result shows that users regard environmental aspect and resource availability more important than easiness of construction.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.1295-1299
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to develop a index for the judgment of suitability of storage conditions by internal gas concentration of 'Fuji' apples under CA storage, and was examined the relationship between the levels of quality characteristics(flesh firmness, titratable acidity and surface green color) and the infernal ethylene and carbon dioxide concentrations of apples. The levels of quality characteristics were not decreased for terms of storage when the infernal ethylene concentration of apples was below 10 ppm, but the levels of quality characteristics were sharply decreased when it was above 10 ppm of Internal ethylene. The high levels of quality characteristics were maintained by the lower internal carbon dioxide concentration of apples, especially at below 2% of internal carbon dioxide. These result showed that the suitable condition for CA storage of 'Fuji' apples was a condition for having below 10 ppm of internal ethylene and below 2% of internal carbon dioxide in apples. The internal ethylene and carbon dioxide concentrations of apples during CA storage can be used as a crucial index for the suitability judgment of storage conditions.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2019

This study investigated the impact of abandoned channel restoration on fish habitat using the physical habitat simulation. The study area is a 1.2 km long reach of the Cheongmi-cheon stream. In the study area, the restoration of the abandoned channel was carried out from July 2012 to December 2105. Physical habitat simulations were carried out for both cases before and after the restoration. The River2D model and habitat suitability curve were used for hydraulic and habitat simulations, respectively. Zacco platypus, which is a dominant fish species in the study area, was selected as target fish for the physical habitat simulation. Hydraulic simulations were carried out before and after restoration for various discharges. Then, composite suitability index and weighted usable area were calculated before and after restoration and changes in the physical habitat of Zacco platypus were discussed. Simulation results indicated that the abandoned channel restoration is effective in creating fish habitat and mitigating the degradation of fish habitat from the high flow condition.