• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.479-484
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• 1995

The effect of initial cell concentration on the characteristics of ethanol fermentation was investigated in the batch fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 24858. The characteristics were investigated in the range of 60 to 230 g/l of the initial sugar concentrations and 0.5 to 85 g/l of the initial cell concentrations. When the initial cell concentrations were 27 g/l for 60 g/l of the initial sugar and 85 g/l for 230 g/l, the fermentation time required for the complete consumption of the initial sugar was one hour, respectively. The ethanol productivity increased with the initial cell concentration so that, in the case of 100 g/l of initial sugar, the productivity rose up to 55 g/l/hr at 55 g/l of the initial cell concentration. The specific growth rate decreased according to the increase in the initial biomass concentration and finally became zero at around 25 g/l of the cell concentration regardless of the initial sugar concentration. The specific ethanol production rate was constant as 1.02 g/l/hr up to 150 g/l of the initial sugar. However, the rates decreased sharply with the augmentation of concentration of the initial sugar above 160 g/l. The overall ethanol yield represented a constant value, 0.475 g/g irrespective of the initial cell and sugar concentrations. The overall biomass yietd showed a trend to diminish in values with the biomass and ultimately to reach zero more than 25 g/l of the initial cell concentration.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제22권1_2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1979

Sandy loam plots of pH 5.5, which was created by the reclamation of highlands in Yongin county, Kyeonggi province, was selected for the present experimental study. Sugar beet was cultured in these plots by treating them with calcium hydroxide and 3 replications to maintain pH 5.5, 6.4, 6.8, 7.2, and 7.6, respectively. The growth and yield of sugar beet were investigated and the results obtained showed a great deal of boron deficiency. The growth in its early stage was favorable in high pH plots, while no significant difference was observed in sugar content, root weight and sugar production at the time of harvest in each treated plot. The tendency of sugar accumulation appeared to be identical in terms of pattern in each treated plot; i.e. sugar was accumulated until early September but declined momentarily from the middle of September and then the sugar accumulation was resumed from the middle of October. The number of individuals in boron deficiency was larger in high pH plots and the condition of such boron deficiency was also severe. The result of analysis of boron contained in plant body revealed that the boron content of individuals caused boron deficiency by water culture and that occurred in the plots was small alike. The appearance of boron deficiency is characterized by the emergence of black stripes on the surface of the basal part of petiole, severe necrosis of young leaves in the area of growing point and severe wrinkles. Therefore it is felt necessary to pay particular attention to boron deficiency in the culture of sugar beet in our country.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of mannitol using Viscozyme$^{(R)}$ L, Celluclast$^{(R)}$ 1.5 L, Saczyme$^{(R)}$, Novozym$^{(R)}$, Fungamyl$^{(R)}$ 800 L, Driselase$^{(R)}$ Basidiomycetes sp., and Alginate Lyase, and to optimize of reaction conditions for production of reducing sugar. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design was used to study effects of the independent variables such as enzyme (1-9% v/w), reaction time (10-30 h), pH (3.0-7.0) and reaction temperature ($30-70^{\circ}C$) on production of reducing sugar from mannitol. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of $Y_1$ (yield of reducing sugar by Viscozyme$^{(R)}$ L) and $Y_3$ (yield of reducing sugar by Saczyme$^{(R)}$) for the dependent variable regression equation was analyzed as 0.985 and 0.814. And the p-value of $Y_1$ and $Y_3$ showing 0.000 and 0.001 within 1% (p < 0.01), respectively, was very significant. The optimum conditions for production of reducing sugar with Viscozyme$^{(R)}$ L were 9.0 % (v/w) amount of enzyme, 30.0 hours of reaction time, pH 4.5 and $30.0^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, and those with Saczyme$^{(R)}$ were 9.0% (v/w) of amount of enzyme dosage, 30.0 h of reaction time, pH 7.0 and $30.0^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, consequently, the predicted reducing sugar yields were 22.5 and 27.9 mg/g-mannitol, respectively.

• 식물병연구
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.34-49
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• 2024

The development of sustainable smut management techniques requires an understanding of the impacts of smut on sugarcane growth and the relationships between smut intensity and meteorological variables, varieties, and crop types. Thus, assessments were made with the objectives to 1) determine the effect of smut on the above-ground growth of sugarcane, and 2) quantify the association of smut with weather variables, varieties and crop types. The effect of smut on above-ground growth was assessed in six fields planted with NCo 334 (wider coverage) having 6 months of age in Fincha and Metehara fields in 2021. Data on above-ground growth were taken from 20 randomly selected smut-affected and healthy stools from each field. Besides, 6 years' data (2015 to 2021) on the numbers of smut-affected stools and smut whips of 79 fields were collected. Furthermore, 10 years' (2011 to 2021) weather data were acquired from the sugar plantations. The results demonstrated reduction in the above-ground growth of sugarcane in the range of 18.39% and 73.42% due to smut. In addition, weather variables explained about 68.48% and 66.58% of the variability in the number of smut-affected stools and whips respectively. Smut intensity increased with crop types for susceptible varieties. The tight association between the smut epidemic and crop types, varieties, and weather, implied that these parameters must be carefully considered in management decisions. Continuous monitoring of smut disease, meteorological variables, varieties, and crop types in all the sugarcane plantations could be done as a part of integrated smut management in the future.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 1982

담배 황색종 품종인 SC72와 Hicks를 교배하여 그 $F_1$잡종식물의 약으로부터 유기한 반수체식물을 배가시켜 얻은 30계통의 10개 양적형질에 대한 변이, 유전력, 유전상관 및 경로계수의 분석에 의하여 각형질들의 유전현상을 본바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 교배친간 각 형질의 변이폭은 1.5~37.8%인데 비하여 반수체배가계통간에는 19.6%~100.1%로 현저히 크게 나타났고 평균치에 있어서는 교배친에 비하여 반수체배가계통들은 nicotine, 수확엽수 및 엽장폭비가 증가하는 경향이나 그외 특성들은 저하되는 경향이었다. 2. 유전력은 개화일수 및 수확엽수는 높게, reducing sugar, kg당 가격 및 수량은 낮게, 그외 형질들은 중간치를 나타내었다. 3. 유전상관의 값은 표현형상관보다 그 값이 다소 높은 경향이었고, 수량은 kg당 가격, 엽폭, 수확엽수 및 reducing sugar와는 정의 상관이었고, nicotine은 엽장폭비를 제외한 타형질과는 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 4. 수량과 각형질간의 경로계수를 분석한 결과 수확엽수와 엽폭이 수량에 미치는 직접효과가 컸으며, 간접효과는 개화일수와 초장이 크게 나타났다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

The peels of Carya cathayensis Sarg. (PCCS) were treated under subcritical water conditions ($130^{\circ}C$ to $280^{\circ}C$ for 0 to 120 min). The extract from PCCS included reducing sugar, proteins, and compounds with radical scavenging activity. Addressing the reducing sugar that is a resource of bioethanol, we could maximize the reducing sugar under the subcritical water ($190^{\circ}C$ for 60 min) and obtain 0.24 g/g-sample together with 9.7 units/mg-sample of radical scavenging activity. The obtained extract was estimated to correspond to 1 L of bioethanol/100 g-sample. It was therefore considered that the treatment by subcritical water could yield reducing sugar and natural compounds with radical scavenging activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.689-694
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• 2003

꿀벌의 벌집에서 채집되어지는 프로폴리스는 항염증, 항암성 등의 민간의학으로 사용되어져 왔다. 이러한 프로폴리스를 이용하여 총당에 대한 포도당 함량(0~100%), 에탄올 농도(20~100%) 및 에탄올 용액 분무량 (6~10%)의 비율로 혼합하여 세립형성에 따른 수율, 교반에 의한 분쇄율 및 관능적 특성의 변화를 검토하였다. 수율의 경우 에탄올 함량이 감소할수록 수율이 높게 나타났으며, 분쇄율의 경우 에탄올 함량이 증가할수록 감소하였다 색, 향, 맛, 입안에서의 느낌 및 전반적인 기호도에 있어서는 총당에 대한 포도당의 함량, 에탄올 농도 및 에탄올 함량 모두에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 전반적인 기호도는 총당에 대한 포도당 함량 47.94%, 에탄올 농도 56.45%및 에탄올 용액 분무량 8.04%일 때 관능적으로 가장 우수한 6.90의 평점이 나타났다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.205-209
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• 1999

지황 (Rehmannia glutinosa) 우량종묘 생산을 위하여 조직배양에 의해 생산된 종묘의 포장수량성을 평가하고 지표성분인 Catalpol과 유리당 함량 특성을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조직배양주의 종근저장성은 재래종에 비하여 약간 양호한 경향이었다. 또한 근장, 근경 등의 뿌리생육이 왕성하여 조직배양주의 수량성은 서천재래종 384kg/10 a에 비하여 1년차 묘는 112%, 2년차 묘는 246%까지 증수되는 결과를 보였다. 성분함량 특성비교에서는 총당함량이 서천재래 1.86%에 비하여 조직배양 1, 2년차 묘는 각각 1.21, 1.10%를 보였고, 지표성분인 Catalpol도 서천재래 0.46%에 비하여 조직배양 1, 2년차묘는 0.4%로 약간 감소되는 경향이었다. 이상의 결과에서 지황 조직배양주의 수량성은 재래종에 비하여 증수되는 특성을 보였다. 그러나 유리당과 Catalpol 함량은 약간 감소되는 경향이었는데 모본식물과 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2010

Common reed (Fragmites australis), a local invasive grass, was investigated as a possible feedstock for the production of activated carbon. Dried crushed stems were subjected to impregnation with phosphoric acid (30, 40 and 50%) followed by pyrolysis at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ with final washing and drying. Obtained carbons were characterized by determining: carbon yield, ash content, slurry pH, textural properties and capacity to remove color bodies from factory-grade sugar liquor. Produced carbons possessed surface area up to 700 $m^2/g$, total pore volumes up to 0.37 $cm^3/g$, and proved to be microporous in nature. Decolorization of hot sugar liquor at $80^{\circ}C$ showed degrees of color removal of 60 up to 77% from initial color of 1100~1300 ICU, at a carbon dose of 1.0 g/100 ml liquor. No correlation seems to hold between synthesis conditions and % R but depends on the degree of microporosity. A commercial activated carbon N showed a comparative better color removal capacity of 91%. Common reed proved to be a viable carbon precursor for production of good adsorbing carbon suitable for decolorization in the sugar industry, as well as in other environmental remediation processes.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of planting densities on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield, and feed value of "Geukdong 6" (a new variety of corn for feed). The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of six planting densities, 60 cm × 25 cm (T1), 60 cm × 30 cm (T2), 70 cm × 25 cm (T3), 70 cm × 30 cm (T4), 80 cm × 25 cm (T5) and 80 cm × 30 cm (T6). All treatments were sown on May 14, 2021, and the harvest was on October 3 (late flowering). Plant length and the number of tillers were the highest in T5 (p<0.05), but the number of leaves and stem diameter were the highest in T6 than in the other treatments (p<0.05). Leaf length, leaf width, and dead leaf were not significantly different among the treatments. Organic matter was highest in T6, and crude protein was highest in T5 (p<0.05). The ether extract was not significantly different among the treatments. Crude fiber, NDF, and ADF were highest in T2 with relatively higher planting density (p<0.05). Calcium and phosphorus were not significantly different among the treatments. TDN content was the highest in T3 (p<0.05). Sugar degree (Brix), fructose, glucose, dextran, isomerose, and inverted sugar were not significantly different among the treatment. Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were higher in order of T6 > T5 > T4 > T3 > T2 > T1 (p<0.05). Relatively feed value was higher in order of T3 > T6 > T5 > T1 > T4 > T2 (p<0.05). Based on the above results, planting density could be recommended from 80 cm × 30 cm for efficient production of "Geukdong 6".