• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.992-997
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• 2002

본 연구는 우리나라 식품공전의 당류 중 중금속 함유량을 파악하여 식품공전 제 개정시 과학적 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 1999년에 총 285건의 당류에 대하여 ICP, AAS 및 Mercury analyzer 등을 이용하여 납 등 중금속함량을 측정하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. [최소${\sim}$최대(평균), mg/kg]; Hg: 불검출${\sim}0.006(0.001)$, Pb: 불검출${\sim}0.47(0.03)$, Cd: 불검출${\sim}0.06(0.005)$, As: 불검출${\sim}0.10(0.004)$, Cu: 불검출${\sim}1.89(0.15)$. 본 조사결과는 외국의 모니터링 결과와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 당류를 통한 우리나라 국민의 납, 카드뮴, 수은의 섭취량은 FAO/WHO에서 중금속 안전성 평가를 위해 정한 PTWI의 $0.004{\sim}0.1%$로 안전한 수준이었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.655-664
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• 2010

This work aimed to investigate the physiochemical properties of commercial sugars (white sugar, dark brown sugar, organic sugar, and muscovado) and sugar beet. Percentages of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber in sugar beet were 4.06, 6.36 and 0.02%, respectively, and the degrees of sugar of white sugar and sugar beet were $93^{\circ}$ Brix and $78^{\circ}$ Brix, respectively. L(lightness) value scores of white sugar were higher while the turbidity of sugar beet was higher. White sugar, dark brown sugar, and organic sugar were composed of only sucrose, whereas muscovad and sugar beet were composed of fructose, glucose, and sucrose. The highest organic acid content was observed in sugar beet. The contents of amino acids in sugar beet were in the following order: proline ($161.23\;{\mu}g$/100 g) > aspartic acid ($161.23\;{\mu}g$/100 g) > leucine ($36.93\;{\mu}g$/100 g) > alanine ($17.40\;{\mu}g$/100 g). There were 16 free amino acids in sugar beet. The highest mineral contest was observed in sugar beet in the order of K > Ca > Na > Mg. This result indicates that sugar beet can be prepared by considering the characteristics of natural sugar materials.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1353-1358
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• 2004

국내산 충매 화분인 도토리 화분과 다래 화분에 단백질 분해효소를 이용하여 화분 추출물을 제조하고, 추출물의 조단백질 함량과 환원당 함량의 변화를 알아보았다. 도토리화분의 일반성분 분석결과 수분 5.2%, 회분 2.7%, 조지방 6.2%, 조단백질 함량은 22.3%였고, 다래화분은 수분 5.4%, 회분 2.8%, 조지방 1.8%, 조단백질 함량은 27.8%였다. Casein을 기질로 사용하여 측정한 효소의 비환성 (specific activity U/mg)은 Protease S>Flavozyme>Alcalase 2.4L>Protamex>Protease P>Protease A의 순이었다. 단백질 분해효소 처리에 의한 화분 추출물의 조단백질 함량은 효소 첨가군이 대조군보다 증가했고, Alcalase 2.4L을 0.2 U, 0.5 U 첨가시에 도토리 화분 추출물은 대조군보다 각각 35.8%, 45.8%, 다래 화분 추출물은 각각 68.8%, 101.5% 증가하였다. 단백질 분해효소 처리에 의한 화분 추출물의 환원당 함량은 효소 첨가군이 대조군보다 증가했고, Protease A를 0.2 U, 0.5 U 첨가 시 도토리 화분 추출물은 대조군보다 각각 11.4%, 18.4%, 다래 화분 추출물은 대조군보다 각각 12.2%, 14.2% 증가하였다. 단백질 분해 효소 처리에 의해 화분 추출물의 조단백질과 환원당의 함량이 증가되었고, 단백질 분해 효소는 화분 추출물의 조단백질 및 환원당 함량을 높이는 방법 중의 하나로 이용될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1998

Effect of plant hormones on the leaf senescence of mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus) was investigated by measuring the changes of reducing sugar contents and invertase isozyme activities in detached leaves treated with NAA, $GA_3$ or BA. During dark-induced senescence, reducing sugar contents in the detached leaves increased temporarily at 4 d, thereafter decreased rapidly and reached minimum values within 7-14 d. The pattern of soluble acid invertase activity in the senescing leaves kept in the dark was similar to that of reducing sugar accumulation, whereas the activities of alkaline and extracellular invertases were not significantly changed during leaf senescence. Therefore, these results suggest that soluble acid invertase, but not alkaline and extracellular invertases, induces the accumulation of reducing sugar during leaf senescence of mung bean plants. Exogenous NAA application had little or no effect in the increase of soluble acid invertase activity during dark-induced senescence compared to the control. However, exogenous applications of $GA_3$ and BA led to the increase of soluble acid invertase activity in the senescing leaves. Particularly, BA application was very effective in enhancing the activity of soluble acid invertase as well as in delaying chlorophyll breakdown during dark-induced senescence. These results suggest, therefore, that BA regulates the activity of soluble acid invertase, which leads to the accumulation of reducing sugar, and the stability of photosynthetic apparatus to delay leaf senescence.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1993

Effect of plant hormones on the leaf senescence of mung bean (Phseoln radiatus) was investigated by measuring the changes of reducing sugar contents and invertase isozyme activities in detached leaves treated with NAA, $GA_3$ or BA. During dark-induced senescence, reducing sugar contents in the detached leaves increased temporarily at 4 6, thereafter decreased rapidly and reached minimum values within 7-14 6. The pattern of soluble acid invertase activity in the senescing leaves kept in the dark was similar to that of reducing sugar accumulation, whereas the activities of alkaline and extracellular invertases were not significantly changed during leaf senescence. Therefore, these results suggest that soluble acid invertase, but not alkaline and extracellular invertases, induces the accumulation of reducing sugar during leaf senescence of Rung bean plants. Exogenous NAA application had little or no effect In the increase of soluble acid invertase activity during dark-induced senescence compared to the control. However, exogenous applications of $GA_3$ and BA led to the increase of soluble acid invertase activity in the senescing leaves. Particularly, BA application was very effective In enhancing the activity of soluble acid invertase as well as in delaying chlorophyll breakdown during dark-induced senescence. These results suggest, therefore, that BA regulates the activity of soluble acid invertase, which leads to the accumulation of reducing sugar, and the stability of photosynthetic apparatus to delay leaf senescence.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1997

This study was carried out in order to investigate general characteristics, sugars and organic acids contents of Korean traditional soy sauce, and to find out possibility of high quality soy sauce production in a short period through high concentration soy sauce making. In this study, we prepared three different types of soy sauce, low concentration soy sauce (Chungjang), high concentration soy sauce and Kyupjang, high quality traditional Korean soy sauce. pH of soy sauce were $4.46{\sim}4.90$ and did not show difference among three samples. Titratable acidity, buffering power and total free acid content were the highest value in Kyupjang. Kyupjang showed the highest contents of salt and pure extract. As the ripening period increased, the salt content increased in Chungjang samples, but decreased in Kyupjang. Reducing sugar contents of Kyupjang, high concentration soy sauce and low concentration soy sauce were 1.13%, 0.76% and 0.53%, respectively. Free sugar in soy sauce were analyzed maltose, glucose, galactose and fructose. Total free sugar content was highest in high concentration soy sauce, however, contents of glucose and fructose were higher in Kyupjang than in Chungjang samples. Galactose was the main free sugar in Chungjang, but glucose was in Kyupjang. Among identified volatile organic acid, acetic acid was present in the highest concentration, and volatile organic acid content was highest in the high concentration soy sauce at 150 days. 20 nonvolatile organic acids were detected in Korean traditional soy sauce. Succinic acid, lactic acid and 2,5-pyridine dicarboxylic acid were the main nonvolatile organic acid in soy sauce.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.575-581
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• 2000

본 연구는 사과과즙 및 감을 부재료 로 첨가하여 고추장을 담금하고 이들 과실고추장의 숙성에 따른 성분 변화를 조사하였다. 수분활성도는 숙성기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향이었으며, 사과고추장이 감고추장보 다 수분활성도가 높았다. 환원당 함량응ㄴ 숙성 초기 사과고추장과 감고추장 각각 10.95, 10.30%에서 시간이 경과됨에 따라 증가하여 숙성 10주째에 각각 16.68, 19.14%로 최고치를 나태내었다. 유리당 성분으로 사과고추장은 숙성 12주째에 maltose 10.55%, glucose 8.47%, fructose 3.02%로 나타났으며, 감고추장은 숙성 6주째에 maltose 21.65%, glucose 8.71%, fructose 2.98%로 maltose 함량이 특이적으로 높았다. 유기산으로 citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid가 검출되었으며, 2종의 과실고추장 모두 citric acid와 malic acid의 함량이 높았다. 과실고추장의 총 유리아미노산은 사과고추장에서 188.59~420.94mg%, 감고 추장에서 154.67~316.93 mg%로, 숙성 10~12주에서 최고치를 나타내었으며 aspartic acid, proline, glutamic acid 등의 함량이 비교적 높았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 1982

담배 황색종 품종인 SC72와 Hicks를 교배하여 그 $F_1$잡종식물의 약으로부터 유기한 반수체식물을 배가시켜 얻은 30계통의 10개 양적형질에 대한 변이, 유전력, 유전상관 및 경로계수의 분석에 의하여 각형질들의 유전현상을 본바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 교배친간 각 형질의 변이폭은 1.5~37.8%인데 비하여 반수체배가계통간에는 19.6%~100.1%로 현저히 크게 나타났고 평균치에 있어서는 교배친에 비하여 반수체배가계통들은 nicotine, 수확엽수 및 엽장폭비가 증가하는 경향이나 그외 특성들은 저하되는 경향이었다. 2. 유전력은 개화일수 및 수확엽수는 높게, reducing sugar, kg당 가격 및 수량은 낮게, 그외 형질들은 중간치를 나타내었다. 3. 유전상관의 값은 표현형상관보다 그 값이 다소 높은 경향이었고, 수량은 kg당 가격, 엽폭, 수확엽수 및 reducing sugar와는 정의 상관이었고, nicotine은 엽장폭비를 제외한 타형질과는 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 4. 수량과 각형질간의 경로계수를 분석한 결과 수확엽수와 엽폭이 수량에 미치는 직접효과가 컸으며, 간접효과는 개화일수와 초장이 크게 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2015

반건시의 활용성 증대를 위하여 당액침지형 반건시를 제조하였으며 당 조성에 따른 반건시의 이화학적 특성 및 갈변 저해 효과를 검토하였다. 명도와 채도는 S5(sugar 5%), S10(sugar 10%)에서 높았고 그 이상의 농도에서는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 총당, 환원당 및 유리당 함량은 당의 농도가 증대될수록 증가하였으며, S5는 대조구에 비해 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 S10은 유사한 함량을 보였으며 S15 및 S20의 경우 과실에 함유하는 당의 농도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 당액침지형 반건시와 갈변효소간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 폴리페놀 산화효소와 과산화효소를 측정하였으며, 당액 농도가 증대됨에 따라 활성이 저해하는 경향을 나타냈고 S10 이후부터는 유사한 활성을 보였다. 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드, 프로안토시아니딘 및 비타민 C 함량은 다른 처리구와 비교하면 S10이 가장 높은 함량을 보여 식품과 당액 사이에 삼투압 때문에 당액으로 용출되는 함량이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 S10에서 65.34%로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과 당액침지 시 삼투작용으로 적정 농도의 확립이 요구되며 갈변억제 및 영양적인 가치 등의 품질특성을 고려하였을 때 10% 설탕을 첨가한 당액 침지법이 반건시 가공품을 제조하는 데 있어 효과적인 방안이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2001

To investigate the changes of carbohydrate metabolism in the senescing leaves of Zea mays during dark-induced senescence, the changes in the contents of reducing sugar, sucrose and starch as well as the activities of sucrose synthase, three isozymes of invertase, and ${\alpha}$-amylase were measured. In the senescing leaves, the content of reducing sugars temporarily increased at 4 d and rapidly decreased thereafter, whereas sucrose contents gradually decreased thereafter, whereas sucrose contents gradually decreased until 3 d of senscence and significantly decreased thereafter. The activities of intracellular invertases such as soluble acid and alkaline formed gradually enhanced until 4 d of leaf senescence and significantly declined thereafter. The extracellular invertase activity showed no significant changes during leaf senescence. The deactivation of sucrose synthase was observed within 3 d of leaf senscence. On the other hand, the starch contents gradually declined during 2 d of leaf senescence, and showed a temporary increase at 3 d, which is similar to the pattern of sucrose synthase activity., These results imply that sucrose in the senescing leaves. The major enzymes which correlated to the breakdown of sucrose during dark-induced senescence were soluble acid and alkaline invertases, not sucrose and ABA accelerated leaf senescence by inducing the accumulation of reducing sugar. These result, therefore, that leaf senescence may be mediated by the temporary quantitative changes of reducing sugar induced by the activation of intracellualr inveertases.