• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2015

Requirements to control the large decrease in serum calcium (Ca) due to parturition and to increase the feed intake soon after parturition have been well accepted in dairy cows. This study was aimed to investigate the feed intake affected by serum Ca concentration with difructose anhydride (DFA) III supplement in dairy cows soon after parturition. Fourteen transition Holstein cows were divided into DFA and control (CONT) groups within 1 to 5 parity variations in each group. Measurement schedule for an individual cow was from 14 d before parturition to 7 d following parturition. The cows in DFA group were supplied 0.2 kg/head/d of DFA III feed containing 40 g of pure DFA III while the cows in CONT group received no DFA III. Other feeding procedures were the same for all cows in both groups. At parturition (d 0), serum Ca concentration sharply declined in both groups (p<0.05). Time interval for recovery from decreased serum Ca to its normal range (>9.0 mg/dL) tended to be faster in DFA group (12 h) than in the CONT group (48 h), but the differences were not significant. Active ruminal contraction was observed in DFA group at following parturition of d 1 (p<0.05), d 3 (p<0.05), and d 5 (p<0.01). Dry matter (DM) intake did not differ between the groups. However, positive correlations were observed between serum Ca concentration and ruminal contraction (p<0.001), and between ruminal contraction and DM intake (p<0.001) during following parturition. According to multiple regression analysis ($R^2$ = 0.824, p<0.001), the DM intake was positively affected by serum Ca concentration and ruminal contraction. These results suggest that feed intake soon after parturition in dairy cows can be increased by improvement of serum Ca concentration and active ruminal contraction, but DFA III supplementation in this study did not improve the lower serum Ca concentration due to parturition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.273-277
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• 2004

$\alpha$-L-Arabinofuranosidase ($\alpha$-L-AFase, EC 3.2.1.55) was isolated from hyperthermophilic microorganism, Thermotoga maritima. The open reading frame (ORF) of $\alpha$-L-AFase gene is 1,455 bp long and encodes 484 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 55,265 Da. The ORF of $\alpha$-L-AFase gene was introduced into the E. coli expression vector, $_p/RSET-B, and overexpressed in E. coli BL21. The purified recombinant $\alpha$-L-AFase showed the highest activity at 10$0^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5. The purified enzyme appeared to have no metal cofactor requirement. The Km and specific activity values of the recombinant enzyme were 0.99 mM and 1,200 U/mg on p-nitrophenyl-$\alpha$-L-arabinofuranoside. It released only L-arabinose from sugar beet arabinan, sugar beet debranched arabinan and oat spelts arabinoxylan but had no activity onarabinogalactan and gum arabic. This result suggests that L-arabinose could be produced from natural polysaccharides using this enzyme. Mutant enzymes which Glu26, Glu172 and Glu281 residues were replaced to alanine, aspartic acid or glutamine caused Kcat to decrease by a factor of between 10$^3$ and 10$^4$. Glu172 and Glu281 residues of $\alpha$-L-AFase are seemed to be the acid/base and nucleophile in catalytic reaction, respectively, and Glu26 is supposed to playa key role in substrate binding.ng.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.470-479
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• 1982

Researches on industrial crops in Korea before 1962 were concentrated on fiber crops such as cotton, kenaf, hemp, ramie and flax. Then research works on oil crops, sugar crops and other high income crops were followed. However, no land is shared for the production of kenaf, flax, sugar beet, sweet sorghum and sunflower at present in Korea, while the cultivation of cotton, hemp, ramie and mat rush is decreasing continuously to the marginal point. At present researches are emphasized on oil crops such as seasame, peanut and perilla and high income medicinal herbs of which cultivating acreages are increasing. Numerous varieties were released as a result of active breeding works on industrial crops since 1962, i.e. 3 sesame varieties including "Suweon 21", 3 peanut varieties including "Seoduntangkong", and 6 rape varieties including "Yudal" in oil crops, one cotton variety "Mokpo 7", one hemp variety "MS4-1", and one kenaf variety "Suweon 2" in fiber crops, and two stevia varieties "Suweon 2" and "Suweon II" in sugar crops. Quality improvement of rape seeds and development of hybrid rapes utilizing male sterile lines are the most significant results of breeding works, while the establishment of vinyl mulching cultivation of sesame and peanut are the most successful results in agronomic researches during the last 20 years.re the most successful results in agronomic researches during the last 20 years.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 2017

We investigated and compared certain chemical properties of Korean natural honey and sugar-fed honey for assessing quality characteristics. The specification component was extracted using an organic solvent, and a single substance was isolated and identified as (E)-2-decenedioic acid. The content of (E)-2-decenedioic acid was $121{\pm}5.9mg/100g$ in sugar cane-fed honey and $127{\pm}4.5mg/100g$ in sugar beet-fed honey. Natural acacia, chestnut, and multi-floral honey contain $13{\pm}0.9$, $17{\pm}0.6$, and $13{\pm}1.3mg/100g$ of honey, respectively. Therefore, (E)-2-decenedioic acid was a major component of sugar-fed honey, however, it occurred in trace amounts in natural honey. We conclude that natural and sugar-fed honey can be distinguished by determining the (E)-2-decenedioic acid content.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.569-576
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• 2013

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of pickled radishes (RP) containing gardenia fruits (RPG), beet (RPB), and spinach (RPS) juice. We have conducted the moisture, salinity, sweetness, pH, titable acidity, Hunter's color values, and mechanical characteristics with a sensory evaluation by elementary, middle, high and university students on the colored radish pickles. The moisture contents of RP, RPG, RPB and RPS are not significantly different. The salinity and pH of RP were significantly higher than that of RPG, RPB, RPS (p<0.05; p<0.01). The sugar contents of RPS are significantly higher than the of RP, RPG and RPB (p<0.001). The titrable acidity of RPB and RPS is significantly higher than that of the RP and RPG (p<0.001). The lightness (L) of RP, the redness (a) of RPB and the yellowness (b) of RPS are the highest in sample group. For changes in texture profile analysis, the hardness level of RPB is higher than that of RP, RPG and RPS (p<0.01), but the chewiness of RPG is higher than those of RP, RPB and RPS (p<0.001). In the sensory evaluation, RPB scores the highest in color, taste, and overall acceptability, whereas RPS scores the lowest in color and overall acceptability. Based on the above results, we expect that radish pickles with beet juice have good characteristics and acceptances within the school food services.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1640-1647
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• 2009

Two field studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) as a supplement in colostrum replacer (CR) for improving the general health status (judged on the basis of incidence of enteritis, bronchitis, and pneumonia) of group-housed suckling Japanese Black calves. In a preliminary study, CR supplemented with DFA III (6 g) was orally administered within 24 h of calving to eight individually reared calves fed colostrum (DFA III group) (Exp. 1). Subsequently, CR supplemented with DFA III (6 g) was orally administered twice within 2 and 12 h of calving to four calves (DFA III group) that were not fed colostrum (Exp. 2). In both experiments, the health status of the calves was assessed during the preweaning period. In Exp. 2, hematological and blood-chemistry parameters were analyzed 24 h after the second administration of CR and at 1 wk and 1 month after calving. The results were compared between the DFA III and control groups (without DFA III supplementation; Exp. 1: n = 10, Exp. 2: n = 4). In Exp. 1, the number of calves requiring medications for the treatment of enteritis, bronchitis, and pneumonia during the preweaning period was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the DFA III group than in the control group. In Exp. 2, supplementation of DFA III did not influence the gain in body weight of calves during the pre-weaning period. Calves in the DFA III group tended to require medications for a shorter duration than those in the control group (DFA III: 10.3 d/calf, control: 21.3 d/calf; p = 0.07). Significant differences (p<0.05) in the level of mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total protein, total cholesterol, and immunoglobulin (Ig)G were observed between the DFA III and control groups. These differences probably reflect the health and nutritional status of the calves. Additionally, the serum iron and lactoferrin concentrations at 24 h and 1 wk after calving, respectively, differed significantly between the 2 groups. These concentrations might reflect the incidence of infections after calving. The present study revealed that the administration of DFA III as a CR supplement may prevent diseases in group-housed calves during the pre-weaning period.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2015

Two recombinant arabinosyl hydrolases, α-_L-arabinofuranosidase from Geobacillus sp. KCTC 3012 (GAFase) and endo-(1,5)-α-_L-arabinanase from Bacillus licheniformis DSM13 (BlABNase), were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and their synergistic modes of action against sugar beet (branched) arabinan were investigated. Whereas GAFase hydrolyzed 35.9% of _L-arabinose residues from sugar beet (branched) arabinan, endo-action of BlABNase released only 0.5% of _L-arabinose owing to its extremely low accessibility towards branched arabinan. Interestingly, the simultaneous treatment of GAFase and BlABNase could liberate approximately 91.2% of _L-arabinose from arabinan, which was significantly higher than any single exo-enzyme treatment (35.9%) or even stepwise exo- after endo-enzyme treatment (75.5%). Based on their unique modes of action, both exo- and endo-arabinosyl hydrolases can work in concert to catalyze the hydrolysis of arabinan to _L-arabinose. At the early stage in arabinan degradation, exo-acting GAFase could remove the terminal arabinose branches to generate debranched arabinan, which could be successively hydrolyzed into arabinooligosaccharides via the endo-action of BlABNase. At the final stage, the simultaneous actions of exo- and endo-hydrolases could synergistically accelerate the _L-arabinose production with high conversion yield.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.361-369
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the differences in the effects of nematicidal materials (Burkholderia rinojensis, fluazaindolizine, fluopyram, fosthiazate, hydrogen peroxide, and imicyafos) on eggs and larvae of the sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii and clover cyst nematode, H. trifolii, which have recently become problematic in highland Chinese cabbage cultivation areas in Korea. Comparison of the hatching rates according to the test materials showed differences between treatments. In the treatment with fluopyram, fosthiazate, and imicyafos, a very high hatching inhibitory effect of 99% was observed in both nematodes, and there was no difference in the efficacy of treatments between nematode species except for that with hydrogen peroxide. Regarding the nematocidal activity of treatments against hatched larvae, only the fluazaindolizine treatment, despite showing a high hatching inhibitory effect, showed a low nematicidal effect of less than 30% against both nematodes, whereas a mortality rate of more than 90% was observed in the other treatments. There was no difference between nematode species in the reactions of the 2nd instar juveniles to all nematicidal test materials after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Although there are limitations to the laboratory experiment, the reaction to the nematicidal materials of the two cyst nematodes that damage the same host was similar, and simultaneous control is suggested in the areas where the two nematodes occur together.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

High frequency sounds disrupt physiological processes, such as feeding behavior, development and immune responses of Spodoptera exigua. We analyzed high frequency sounds with respect to biochemical changes in S. exigua. High frequency sound (5,000 Hz, 95 dB) suppressed protein synthesis and secretion of midgut epithelium. It also significantly inhibited a digestive enzyme activity of phospholipase $A_2$. The gene expression of three different heat shock proteins and apolipophorin III was altered, particularly in midgut tissue in response to high frequency sound treatments. High frequency sound treatments significantly increased sugar and lipid levels in hemolymph plasma. These results suggest that high frequency sounds are a physiological stress that induces biochemical changes in S. exigua.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

Increasing the rice consumption, seven kinds of Nurungji which served as a home meal replacer and snack were developed with some functional materials were added, and their physiochemical characteristics were analyzed. The water binding capacity was the highest in Nurungji with black sesame seed (264.13%), and the hardness was the lowest as 0.36 N in Nurungji with Tenebrio molitor. The reducing sugar content was the highest in Nurungji with sweet pumpkin (1.47%) when being soaked in water for 30 minutes. As a result of measuring 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of the tested Nurungji preparations, Nurungji with sweet pumpkin and beet showed the high scavenging activity against free radicals. As a result of sensory evaluation, overall acceptability was the highest in Nurungji with black sesame seeds (4.3). Physicochemical characterization and sensory evaluation of Nurongji added with various materials confirmed that they could be applied to various food products.