• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.129-140
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• 1987

The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the surface structure of Paragonimus westermani metacercaria in Korea with special reference to the distribution of sensory papillae. Metacercariae were isolated from crayfish, one of the second intermediate tost of P. westermani in Bogil island, Chollanam-do (Province), Korea, where has been known as an endemic area of human paragonimiasis. Isolated metacercariae were encysted and examined with light. scanning and transmission electron microscopes for morphological features. On the surface of iBetacercariae, three types of sensory FaFillae were identified. Large domed papillae ($3~5{\mu\textrm{m}}$), which were covered with wrinkled plasma n!embrane of the worm, were distributed on the oral and ventral suckers only. On the oral sucker, these large domed papillae were 12~13 in number. On the other hand large domed papillae on the ventral sucker were constantly 6 in number and hexagonal in distribution. Small domed papillae ($2~3{\mu\textrm{m}}$), of which surface was more smooth than those of large ones, were distributed symmetrically on the ventral (30~32 pairs) and dorsal surfaces (40~42 Pairs). Ciliated Papillae ($0.8~1.5{\mu\textrm{m}}$) were observed about 5~6 in number around the oral sucker and 3~5 pairs each on the ventral and dorsal surface of the body. Single Fcinted spines covered the entire surface of the body except around the excretory pore. Spines on the anterior fart of the body were 0.9~2.0${\mu\textrm{m}}$ in length and $45~55/100{\mu\textrm{m}}$2 in number, and were gradually reduced in length ($0.4~1.4{\mu\textrm{m}}$) and in nuns.her ($12~27/100{\mu\textrm{m}}$2) toward the posterior part. The body wall of p. westermoni metacercariae was consisted with anucleated syncytium layer, fibrous interstitial layer and musclar layer. In the anucleated syncytium, biconcave ($0.15~0.55{\mu\textrm{m}}$) and spherical ($0.08~0.16{\mu\textrm{m}}$) secretory granules, which were transferred from epidermal cells via protoplasmic tubules, mitochondria and rihoEorses, T-ere observed. Spines originated around the basement membrane protruded externally. Epidermal cells were consisted with a nucleus and a cytoplasm, and connected to syncytium with protoplasmic tubules. In the cytoplasm many secretory granules, mitochondria, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticula, ribosomes and lipid droplets were observed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 1995

참굴큰입흡충(Gymophazloides seoi) 피낭유충 및 성충의 표피층(일반 표피. 흡반 부위 및 ventral pit)의 미세구조를 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 피낭유충은 자연감염된 굴에서 분리하 였고. 성충은 실험감염시킨 C3H 마우스에서 획득하였다. 일반적으로 표피층은 합포체의 응기 및 굴곡이 심하지 않았고, 다수의 미토콘드리아와 수많은 작은 공포들이 관찰되었으며. 근육층 아래에 는 표피세포의 핵이 위치하고 있었다. 피낭유충과 성충에서 표피층의 구조적인 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 구흡반에는 잘 발달된 근육층이 분포하였고. 복흡반은 구흡반과 비슷한 구조였으나 합포체의 fold수가 구흡반보다 많았다. Ventralpit은 합포체층의 두께가 얇았으며. 많은 수의 microtubule 과 미토콘드리아가 관찰되었다. 주위에는 종주근과 윤주근 다발들이 잘 발달되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 참굴큰입흡충 표피층의 미세구조는 피낭유충과 성충 사이에 별다른 차이가 없었으며 흡충류의 일반적인 구조와 대체로 일치하였다. 이 흡충의 특징적 구조물인 ventralpit은 괄약근 또는 보조 흡착기관으로서의 역할을 수행할 것으로 생각하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.657-664
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• 2019

We identified the echinostome metacercariae in Chinese mystery snails, Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, from Xiengkhuang Province, Lao PDR with morphologies of adult worms recovered. Total 20 snails were examined with artificial digestion method and then the collected metacercariae were orally infected to a mouse and a rat. Adult worms recovered from experimental animals were observed with a light microscope and a SEM. The metacercariae were round, 125×123 ㎛ in average size, with a moderately thick cyst wall, collar spines distributed in the head collar and excretory granules in 2 canals of excretory tube. Adult flukes (3-week-old in a rat) were elongated, ventrally curved and 5.310×1.023 mm in average size. Head collar distinct, bearing 43 collar spines with 5 end group ones on each side. Oral sucker subterminal, prepharynx very short, pharynx well developed, and esophagus relatively short. Cirrus sac well developed, with a saccular seminal vesicle, and ventral sucker very large. Ovary round and on the median line of the body. Testes tandom and elongated. Eggs operculated, elliptical and 90×57 ㎛ in average size. In the SEM observation, the head crown prominent, with 43 collar spines resembled with horns of younger stag. Scale-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the surface between the head collar and ventral sucker, and their densities were decreased posteriorly. Conclusively, the metacercariae detected in C. chinensis malleata from Lao PDR were identified as those of Echinostoma macrorchis based on the morphological characteristics of adult worms.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1154-1159
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• 1991

Anomalous systemic venous return to the right atrium is clinically innocuous and cause no functional disturbances or physiologic abnormalities by themselves and consequently require no treatment but may be surgical importance. We experienced a case of adult TOF combined with anomalous systemic venous drainage. Rudimentary right SVC with draining left sided vertical vein and IVC with separately drained left vein was revealed at operation time. With the bicaval cannulation, large sucker was used for drainage of blood from the left hepatic vein. Postoperative angiocardiogram showed above findings and combined double inferior vena cava at lumbar level.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2002

A scanning electron microscopic study was performed on the surface ultrastructure of Pygidiopsis summa (Digenea: Heterophyidae) adults. Metacercariae were collected from gills and muscles of mullets (Mugil cephalus) caught in a known endemic area, and adult flukes were harvested from dogs after 8 weeks of experimental infection. The worm was calabash form with its posterior part broader than the anterior part. Tegumental spines were densely distributed over the body surface, except on the suckers and genital apparatus, and around the excretory pore. Well differentiated spines were observed on the anterior half of the body, with 14-16 tips ventrally, and 19-20 tips dorsally. On the oral sucker. three pairs of type I sensory papillae (uni-ciliated knob-like swellings) and one pair of type II sensory papillae (aciliated round-swellings) were observed on the anterior and posterior parts of the lip, respectively. On the lip of the ventral sucker, one pair of type II sensory papillae was distributed only on its posterior part. Sperms were seen emerging from or entering into the genital apparatus. The results showed that the surface ultrastructure of P. summa was unique among the heterophyid trematodes, especially in digitation of tegumental spines and in distribution of sensory papillae on oral and ventral suckers.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2017

The present study was performed to reveal the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic position of Platynosomum fastosum Kossack, 1910. A total 167 specimens of P. fastosum were collected in 8 (4.9%) out of 163 sets of gall-bladders and bile ducts of cats. The number of worms was 1-105 per infected cat. This species was characterized by having a long and slender body, slightly larger ventral sucker than the oral sucker, indistinct prepharynx, small pharynx, short esophagus, bifurcation midway between 2 suckers, and ceca extending to the posterior end of the body. The length of the partial sequences of ITS1 and 5.8S rDNA of P. fastosum were 990 bp, GC-rich. AT/GC ratio was 0.9, there were 9 polymorphic sites, and intraspecific variations ranged from 0.1% to 0.9%. Phylogenetic analyses by neighbor-joining phylogram inferred from ITS1 rDNA sequences revealed that the genetic distance between P. fastosum specimens ranged from 0.3 to 1.5% while the smallest interspecific distance among dicrocoeliid species was 20.9 %. The redescription and genetic characters of P. fastosum are taxonomically important to recognize future different species of the genus Platynosomum showing high intraspecific and morphological variability.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.111-122
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• 1985

1. 주사전자현미경 관찰로 체표면은 굴곡에 의한 많은 돌기로서 소위 자갈밭모양의 구조를 이루고 있었다. 피극들과 유두가 체표면에 돌출하고 있었는데 피극은 끝이 하나로 되어있고 충체후방을 향해서 돌출하고 있었다. 그중 구흡반과 복흡반의 융기부에 있는 피극은 작았으며 선단이 몇 갈래로 갈라져 있었고 또 밀집되어 있었다. 2. 유두는 표피가 반구형으로 돌출하고 있었고, 중앙에 하나의 직모를 가지고 있었으며 유두는 단독이거나 또는 여러개가 모여 있는 것 또는 여러개가 뭉쳐서 큰 융기를 이루고 있는 등 그 모양이 다양하였다. 구흡반이나 복흡반상에 있는 유두는 타부위보다 매우 큰 유두가 있었고 여러개가 뭉쳐있는 것이 많았다. 3. 투과전자현미경 관찰로는 표피는 전자밀도가 높은 표피층으로 덮혀있었고 표피층의 유리면과 기저면은 모두 원형질막으로 싸여 있었다. 표피층의 두께는 특히 구흡반과 반흡반 사이가 두터웠다. 표피층내에는 사립체, 소포체, 공포 그리고 구형 및 관상과립이 관찰되었다. 5. 피극은 표피층의 기저면의 원형질막에서 시작하여 외부로 돌출하였는데 전자밀도가 매우 높은 무정형의 구조물로 되어 있었다. 또한 구형질의 주의의 표피층에서는 복경체가 발견되었다. 5. 표피층 아래로 기저면의 원형질막에 련해서 기저막이 있고 그 아래로 소성결합조직이 있고 그 아래로 근육층, 그리고 그 밑에 유연조직이 있으며 그 속에 표피세포가 있었다. 또한 이 표피세포와 표피층은 전형질돌기로 연결되고 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2008

Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae) adult flukes were recovered from experimental chicks at day 4-6 post-infection and their tegumental ultrastructure was observed with a scanning electron microscopy. They were pyriform in shape, and their anterior halves were concaved ventrally. The whole body surface was covered with tegumental spines, which were wide and 16-17 digitated between oral and ventral suckers. The density of spines and number of digits decreased posteriorly. The oral sucker was subterminal and the excretory pore was at the posterior end of the worm. Two ventral suckers were similar in appearance and protruded near midline of the worm. The genital atrium was dextral to the small ventral sucker. The dorsal surface was covered with tegumental spines, but the spines were sparser than on the ventral surface. On the middle portion of the dorsal surface, a small opening presumed to be the Laurer's canal was seen. From these findings, it has been confirmed that the adult G. squatarolae has unique characteristics in the surface ultrastructure.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.173-178
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• 1980

1980년 1월부터 동반 10월까지 군산 근교 미면 내초도에서 채집한 백합Meretrix lusoria, 바지락 Tapes japonica, 맞조개 Seten strictus을 조사하여 흡충류의 유충인 Bacciger harengulae의 cercaria의 높은 기생율을 보았다. 이 cercaria는 S자형으로 활발히 운동한다. 꼬리에는 양쪽에 27쌍의 강모(seta)을 가지며, 1개의 강모(setae)는 6개의 가락(조)으로 되어 있다. 체내에는 구흡반, 맹장, 흡복반과 2개의 정소가 뚜렷히 보이고, 큰 V자형의 관상 배설낭내에는 작고 큰 과립이 충만되고, 염세포식은 2[(3+3)+(3+3)]=24이다. 현재까지 보고된 유사한 ceraria를 비교하니 Cercaria pectinata와 같았다. 제2중간숙주를 거쳐 결숙주에 성충을 얻었으므로, Bacciger harengulae의 cercaria라 동정하였다. 내초도에서 채집한 패류중 맛조개, 바지락, 백합의 순으로 이 기생법의 기생률이 높았으나, 이들 조개류는 모두 2-3년생인큰 것이 많이 기생되어 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2017

The present study was performed to record new definitive hosts of Isthmiophora hortensis, and to describe morphological characteristics derived from a variety of worm samples for clarification of its taxonomic validity. Morphological characteristics with dimensions were observed in worm samples (n=21) from naturally infected wild animals, including a raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides from Gimhae-si (City), Gyeongsangnam-do, stray cats and a striped field mouse from several localities, and a wild boar Sus scrofa, from Gurye-gun (County), Jeollanam-do. In addition, adult flukes (n=45) recovered in albino rats experimentally infected with the metacercariae from a freshwater fish species were also subjected to morphological studies. The mean ratios of the body length (BL) to body width (BW) were 5.86 and 5.76 in worms from wild animals and experimental rats, respectively. Those of the ventral sucker to oral sucker were 2.92 and 3.01 in worms from 2 groups. The mean percentages of the hindbody length (HBL) to BL were 42.1 and 41.2 in 2 groups. Those of uterine fields to BL were 9.8 and 12.2 in the 2 worm groups. By the present study, the 2 species of wild animals, the raccoon dog and wild boar, have been added as new definitive hosts for I. hortensis. The morphological characteristics of adult flukes derived from a variety of host source were redescribed to support the taxonomic validity of this echinostome species.