• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.225-233
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• 2015

This study was conducted in an attempt to determine the factors that cause excessive daytime sleepiness among 927 subway station employees located in Seoul. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire through the web site and were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Results showed that marital status made a statistically significant difference in general characteristics, and hobby/leisure activities made a statistically significant difference in health-related characteristics. Workplace and satisfaction with the organization made a significant difference in job-related characteristics, and physical environment, job demand, job autonomy, relationship conflicts, organizational system, inappropriate compensation, and organizational culture made a statistically significant difference in job stress factors. Factors that affect excessive daytime sleepiness were hobby and leisure activities, satisfaction with the organization, physical environment, job demand, job autonomy, organizational system and organizational culture, showing a 20.5% explanatory power. This study proposes the operation of programs that can improve the physical environment, change the organizational system and increase satisfaction with the organizational culture among station employees in order that they can enjoy their hobby/leisure life and relieve job stress so that they can avoid excessive daytime sleepiness.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.379-395
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of travel patterns and travel behaviors of transit users in the Metropolitan Seoul area. We apply the data mining techniques to explore the travel patterns of transit users from the T-money card database which has been produced over 10,000,000 transaction records per day. The database contains the information of locations and times of origin, transfer, and destination points for each transaction as well as the informations of transit modes taken via the transaction. We develop an data mining algorithm to explore traversal patterns from the enormous information. The algorithm determines the travel sequences of each passenger, and produce the volumes of support on each points (stops) of transportation networks in the Metropolitan Seoul area. In order to visualize the spatial patterns of travel demands for transit systems we apply GIS techniques, and attempt to investigate the spatial characteristics of travel patterns and travel demand. Subway stops located in the Gangnam area appear the highest peak for the travel origin and destination, while the CBD in the Gangbuk stands at the second position. Two or three sub-peaks appear at the densely populated residential areas developed as the high-rise apartment complex. Subway stations located along the Subway Line 2, especially from Guro to Samsung receive heavy travel demand (total support), while bus stops located at the CBD in the Gangbuk stands the highest travel demand by bus.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.647-662
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• 2015

This study analyzes the factors that influence the number of public transportation passengers. By comparing the major TOD planning elements such as mixed-use level, job-housing proximity level, comparison of the density and pure density in the 66-autonomous city townships through a comparison such as TOD plan element achievements and indicators are chosen. A model is derived by correlation analysis and regression analysis of the parameters. The result of the regression analysis of the station influence area (SIA) in Incheon, the parameters that effect the number of passengers of public transportation are the number of employees, population, number of bus stops in the SIA, and the distance between the bus stop and the subway entrance. Therefore, as the number of employees and the resident population increase, the volume of traffic increases. Also, the number of public transportation users increases when there are more bus stops and when the distance between the bus stop and the subway entrance is short. This study shows that subways and SIA has achieved many parts of the TOD in Incheon, because the SIA around 29 subways and 11 Seoul-Incheon trail stations already included important TOD planning elements.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.667-678
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• 2023

In this study, quasi-3D inundation flow simulations were conducted for a simplified subway station configuration. The effects of variations in rainwater inflow locations and discharge were investigated, analyzing the resulting inundation flow patterns and flood risk. The inundation simulation results calculated the incipient velocities for slipping and toppling accidents to assess pedestrian safety. The results indicated that velocities exceeding the incipient velocity for slipping accidents mainly occurred on the flooded staircase. Meanwhile, velocities surpassing the incipient toppling accidents were observed around the staircase and the corridor near the staircase leading to B2F. This observation is consistent with the results from the specific force distribution analysis. To provide detailed flood risk assessments, the Flood Hazard Degree (FD) was applied with four levels of criteria, along with the Flood Intensity Factor (FIF). The results demonstrated that FD identified a broader area at risk of flood-induced consequences compared to FIF. When comparing the different inundation risk assessment methods, the specific force method tended to overestimate the risk area, whereas FIF tended to underestimate it. Furthermore, among all assessment methods, the influence of rainwater discharge was found to have a more dominant effect on flood risk assessment compared to the number of rainwater inflow locations. Additionally, the direction of inundation flow influenced the assessed risk, with collision-induced flow patterns leading to higher flood risk than those with identical flow directions.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.895-903
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• 2011

The Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation(SMRT) is studying the New Train Control System based on Wireless Communication(CBTC System : Communication Based Train Control System) to overcome the limitations of the existing system and to deal with the switch to the new system. The SMRT's New Train Control System Based on three main elements(train position detecting, radio communication and train control) is being developed in 3 stages. Currently, the development of the train position detecting element with the RFID system and the train position detecting device and the radio communication element with RTIS and DSRC had been developed and equipped on 3 stations(Songpa~Garak Market~Munjeong, 7.3km) of Subway Line 8 in the pilot. Such a basic infrastructure of the SMRT's New Train Control System is having an efficiency test by using the real-time Train Monitoring System and Currently, the third element, the train control(ATP/ATO/ATS/Interlocking) for the study is in progress. Also, the developed system is expected to validate the performance and safety in the next three stage. This paper shows about major developments of the SMRT's New Train Control System and our future plans.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.81-104
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• 2013

The U-library service is a user-oriented library service through which users, after browsing and making reservations using the Internet and smartphones, can borrow and return library materials at an unmanned circulation system located in places, such as subway stations, without visiting the library. However, the U-library service is still in the early stages both quantitatively and qualitatively. In that, this study, in order to enhance our understanding of the U-library service, conceptualizes the unmanned circulation system, investigates current situation by examining and analyzing some U-library service cases, and pinpoints some problems while making some suggestions for improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.11
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• pp.1373-1382
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• 2001

Traditionally, Mobile Teletraffic model consists of two sub-models, i.e. the network traffic model and the traffic source model. In this paper, we present the traffic source model by developing MobCall(Mobile Call Simulator) which analyses various mobile wireless environments based on regional characteristics that the base stations are located. User mobility is presented by regional average vehicle speeds and the transportation share rate. Moreover, the user mobility on subway, which is increasing in urban area, is considered in MobCall. Using MobCall, the accumulated number of calls in residential and commercial regions, the handoff rate with respect to traffic sources of Seoul, the handoff rate on highway, and the handoff rate according to the call duration are presented. MobCall enables the simulation of dynamic handoff buffering and functional entity control of one base station according to the changes in user's calling pattern at the design phase.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 1986

The underground living spaces have become one of the major environment of this decade in urban area. This study was carried out to examine contamination level for purpose of preservation of the pleasant underground environment. Three subway stations and three underground shopping centers in Seoul and two underground shopping centers in Busan were selected and surveyed by measuring gaseous pollutants $(SO_2,\; NO_2,\;CO,\;HC,\; HCHO,\;CO_2)$, dust, airborne microbes, and the other air condtions (temperature, humidity, air pressure, air flow, kata cooling power). These examined data were compared with four kinds of standard (building sanitation management, room air quality standards, occupational safety and health standards, ventilation equipment) as environmental hygiene.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.370-379
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• 2011

The increasing complexity of complex buildings, such as high-rise buildings and underground subway stations, presents new challenges to firefighters. In a fire in complex buildings, the importance of the collaboration between firefighters is clear. The increased demand on firefighter training for such environment is now evident. Due to cost, time, and safety issues, it is impossible to experience a real fire in such environments for training. In addition, the use of real fire for training does not enable repeatable training and the evaluation of the training is difficult. We developed a team-based firefighter training simulator for complex buildings using the virtual reality technology. It provides the training and evaluation of firefighting and mission-based team training. To model real fire phenomena in virtual space, a numerical analysis method based on fire dynamics is used. To achieve an immersive virtual environment, an augmented reality technique for the compensation of real world image and a haptic technique for heat experience are adopted. The developed training simulator can help the firefighter to respond to large and complex firefighting scenarios, while maintaining the safety of the trainees.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2007

Under the situation of a fire, it is difficult for a rescue robot to use sensors such as vision sensor, ultrasonic sensor or laser distance sensor because of diffusion, refraction or block of light and sound by dense smoke. But, braille blocks that are installed for the visaully impaired at public places such as subway stations can be used as a map for autonomous mobile robot's localization and navigation. In this paper, we developed a laser sensor stan device which can detect braille blcoks in spite of dense smoke and integrated the device to the robot developed to carry out rescue mission in various hazardous disaster areas at KIST. We implemented MCL algorithm for robot's attitude estimation according to the scanned data and transformed a braille block map to a topological map and designed a nonlinear path tracking controller for autonomous navigation. From various simulations and experiments, we could verify that the developed laser sensor device and the proposed localization method are effective to autonomous tracking of braille blocks and the autonomous navigation robot system can be used for rescue under fire.