• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.1 s.54
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• pp.83-94
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• 1996

Substance P is one of the neuropeptide which presents highly in tension site of periodontal ligament during the orthodontic tooth movement. It has bnn also hon as one of the neuropeptides which cause neurogenic inflammation in various tissues and organs. However, there is no report about the effect of substance P on major extracellular matrix protein, collagen production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the collagen production by substance P in human periodontal ligament cell. The collagenase-digestion method was used to evaluate collagen production and also used Northern blot hybridization for the evaluation of collagen mRNA level. This study also Included in terms of prostanglandins and gelatinase production with respect to collagen production. For the collagen degradation, zymography was used to estimate denatured collagen degradation. Dose-dependent effect of substance P on noncollagen protein, collagen, and percent collagen was that substance P increased noncollagen protein synthesis, but decreased collagen sytnsis. So the percent collagen, which determined by relative collagen production against total protein production, w3s decreased from $7\%\;to\;3.6\%$. This inhibitory effect of substance P on collagen production was disappeared when cells were treated concomitantly with indomethacin. It means that substance P-induced inhibitory effect on collagen production was due at least in part to the production of prostaglandins. To evaluate whether substance P-induced inhibitory effect on collagen production is correspond to the steady-state levels of procollagen mRNA, Northern blot hybridization was performed and it showed that substance P has no effect on the steady-slate level of ${\alpha}1(I)$ procollagen mRNA. It means that the inhibitory effect of substance P on collagen production was due to the change of a certain mechanism after posttranscription. In this context, gelatinase production by substance P in periodontal ligament cells was evaluated by zymography. Zymogram showed that substance P has no effect on gelatinase production in periodontal ligament cells. To explore wheter substance P-induced inhibitory effect on collagen production is selevtive in periodontal ligament cells or not, MC3T3-E1 cells which originated from mouse calvaria was used. It showed that substance P has no effect on collagen production in MC3T3-E1 cells. Taken together, substance P inhibits collagen production in human periodontal ligament cells. This effect was not due to the change of the steady-state level of procollagen mRNA and gelatinase production, but due at least in part to the change of prostaglandins production.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1999

A series of experiments were conducted to examine on what stimulus giant danio (Danio malabaricus) were mainly responsible for detecting alarm substance. When 0.15 ml alarm substance (10 ppm) was introduced into the tank, fish showed no notable change in swimming pattern. However, the introduction of 1.5 ml alarm substance (100 ppm) could induce fright reaction about in 6 minutes. Further, when 15 ml alarm substance (1,000 ppm) was introduced into the tank, fish showed the following fright reaction in a few seconds; suppressing to feed diet, no swimming, strong chasing, and visual alertness. In detecting alarm substance, fish were mainly depending on the chemical stimulus (nares) rather than the vision stimulus (eyes) because fish detected alarm substance by the chemical cue showed the significantly stronger fright reaction than by the visual cue. The time for fish to show the initial fright reaction after detecting alarm substance by the chemical cue was shorter than by the visual cue. Also after alarm substance was introduced into the tank, olfaction-deprived fish showed significantly weaker fright reaction and less frequency of chasing than the normal fish which detected alarm substance by both olfaction and gustation stimulus. These results indicated that chemical stimulus, especially olfaction might be the primary sensory modality used in the detection of the alarm substance for giant danio.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1161-1170
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• 2003

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a rehabilitation program on hope and self-efficacy in a sample of homeless adolescent substance abusers at a halfway house in Seoul, Korea. Methods. Five residents of a halfway house were provided with a 16-week rehabilitation program based on a cognitive-behavioral approach. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, this study used a single-case experimental design with the variables - hope and self-efficacy - being measured at pre-, post-, and follow-up tests. Results. While three participants showed considerable positive changes in hope and self-efficacy after the program, two participants did not show any positive changes. Despite this lack of consistent patterns in the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program, there was a qualitative change in social status (such as academic and work status) for the participants at the follow-up test. Conclusion. A rehabilitation program based on a cognitive-behavioral approach may improve the hope and self-efficacy of homeless adolescent substance abusers at a halfway house and help them to reintegrate into society.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1671-1676
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• 2023

The influence of adding iodine as a contrast substance to elevate radiation in a tumor is studied using simulation techniques of Monte-Carlo. The study is carried on a brain cancer by adopting an unsophisticated head phantom. The ionizing radiation source is an external beam of x-rays with energy range of a few tens of keV. The expected radiation dose increment due to adding the iodine is investigated by comparing the radiation in the tumor after and before adding the iodine and calculating the ratio between the two doses. Several concentrations of the contrast substance are used to quantify its impact. The change of the dose increment with the source energy is also examined. It is found that the radiation elevation in the tumor tends to saturate with increasing the iodine concentration, and for the studied domain of energies (30 keV-100 keV), the radiation dose enhancement factors (RDEF) for the different iodine concentrations (1%-9%) show peaked curves, with the peak occurring between 60 keV and 70 keV. For the highest concentration studied, 9%, the peak value is almost 7.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.362-374
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effect of Banhasasim-tang on early reflux esophagitis by control of gastric peristalsis and the lower esophageal sphincter in mice. Methods : Experimental mice were classified into three groups. The normal group were mice with no inflammation. The control group were mice with gastroesophageal reflux elicited by alcohol. The sample group were mice administered Banhasasim-tang after gastroesophageal reflux elicitation. We observed morphological change and production of ghrelin, substance P, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in gastroesophageal junction mucosa. In addition, we examined change of epithelial junction in esophageal mucosa and change of lower esophageal sphincter distribution. Results : The migration of inflammation-related cells in lamina propria of gastroesophageal junction decreased more in the sample group than in the control group. The positive reaction of ghrelin, substance P, and iNOS significantly decreased more in the sample group than in the control group (p<0.05). Injury of the epithelial junction in the esophageal mucosa and outer oblique layer in the lower esophageal sphincter were significantly mitigated by Banhasasim-tang administration in the sample group (p<0.05). Conclusions : According to the above results, it is supposed that Banhasasim-tang inhibits early reflux esophagitis by controlling not only gastric peristalsis and acid secretion through ghrelin, and substance P but also the lower esophageal sphincter through iNOS.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was to investigate pulpal responses to tricalcium phosphate and durapatite which recently introduced as a bone substitute. Tricalcium phosphate and durapatite were placed on the amputated pulp tissue in the dog's teeth. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks and specimens were decalcified, embedding, sectioned and stained routinly. Microscopic examination reveals as follows; 1. Tricalcium phosphate: Severe inflammatory change was seen in the all cases and calcified masses were seen at 2 weeks. Calcified masses were enlarged according to the time elapsed. 2. Durapatite: Severe inflammatory change and pus cavities were found at 1 week. There was no evidence of healthy cell component in the remaining pulp tissue and degenerative change was obvious at 2, 3 and 4 weeks. 3. Dentin bridge was not formed in the both cases. In the case of tricalcium phosphate osteoblasts were observed unevenly around the calcified masses which were composed of hematophilic substance in central portion and eosinophilic substance in peripheral region of the masses.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.171-176
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• 2004

An electric power efficiency of electrodeless fluorescent lamp has big relative propertye of gas in lamp, gas pressure, lamp formation, ingredients of magnetic substance and shape and action frequency etc. We used magnetic substance that open self-examination material of electrodeless fluorescent lamp antenna. Ferrite that is used in this experiment was Mn-Zn type. Coill turn was changed from 13th to 15th turn to recognize brightness change of lamp by winding number. Optical equipment that used in an experiment was used to measure brightness (LS-100). When an electrodeless fluorescent lamp was made using and T company's PE22, was it showed the highest brightness. As number of winding is increased the brightness increased, and starting characteristic became good.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 1992

In order to study on the viscous substance produced during Chungkookjang fermentation, one strain which produce a lot of viscous substance was isolated from the rice straw and identified as Bacillus sp; This strain produced the most viscous substance in 48 hours at $42^{\circ}C$, in splite of little change of amino type nitrogen and ammonia type nitrogen when added M.S.G., while the yield of viscous substance and amino type nitrogen was increased but that of ammonia type nitrogen was decreased when added susrose. Molecular weight of viscous substance estimated between 15,000 and 65,000. Viscous substance was confirmed mostly composed of glutamate and fructose by G.C. and HPLC analysis. Composition of viscous substance would be controlled according to the changes of media.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 1995

This study was aimed to reduce the period of bed log through the protection of harmful fungi and to investigate the effects of physiologically activating substance on the yield increase of Lentinus edodes. Extracts of Allium fistulosm, Hordeum vulagare var. hexastichon, Lentinus edodes. Daucus carota var. sativa, and Citrus junos were used as a physiologically activating substances. The degree of mycelial growth tested by color change after Benzene - azo - ${\alpha}$ - naphthylamine. One percent extract of Album fistulosm was most highly effective as a physiologically activating substance on mycelial biomass growth of Lentinus edodes. Best effects of application of physiologically activating substance was observed in Quercus variabilis bed logs. These results suggested that supplement with physiologically activating substance to the bed log would be beneficial for the production of Lentinus edodes.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-118
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• 1990

This students ideas in science are diverse and unique It is realized that children's preconceptions and misconceptions established before lessoning hgve a crucial in fluence on the following education. so it is meaningful to analyse the children's concept of temperature for the better teaching strategy in this study. This survey of the Elementary school children's concept is designed for the subtopics of temperature as the relation between heat and temperature, He relation between volume(size) and temperature, the temperature of change of state on water, the temperature of substances in the condition of thermal equilibrium. Using Clinical method, this research was executed to 306 children at elementary school. The network method or the analyse of questionnaires were used to analyse the children's response. Findings of this survey are as follow. Students are already familiar with such concept as this increase of temperature by geating, but they think every substance is not the case. Many students appears to believe that the temperature of an object(substance) is related to its size(vloume) Qualitative tasks are difficult than qualitative ones. This trend appear highly in the low grade students. Don't know the temperature of change of state on water and it's stability They think that the temperature is determined by the heating time(period) and the temperature of heating source. Students think, in general that temperature of substance in the condition of thermal equilibrium is different.