• 농약과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2005

논 잡초를 생력적으로 방제하기 위하여 발포성 정제를 제조하여 최적 유효농도 결정 제제실험, 발포성 실험, 확산성 실험을 수행하였다. 정제의 발포속도는 유기산의 종류에 따라 oxalic acid>malonic acid>citric acid>tartaric acid 순으로 나타났다. 발포성 정제 g 당 5분 이내에 발생하는 가스의 량은 수온에 따라 상이하여 $10^{\circ}C$에서 20 mL, $15^{\circ}C$에서 25 mL, $20^{\circ}C$에서 28 mL, $25^{\circ}C$에서 45 mL, $30^{\circ}C$에서 57 mL 이었다. 발포성정제의 수온에 따른 농약 주성분의 수중 확산성은 5, 15, 20, $30^{\circ}C$에서 처리 24시간 후 처리지점으로부터 2.4 m 떨어진 지점의 농도가 투하지점 농도의 20, 48, 85, 97%로 나타나 발포력이나 확산성 모두 온도가 높을수록 증가하였다. 담수 중 산도에 따른 발포력은 $pH5{\sim}11$의 범위에서 가스발생량에는 차이가 없었다. Halosulfuron-methyl의 담수 중 농도는 실험면적의 크기와 관계없이 살포 후 24시간이 되면 표준농도 수준인 0.16 ppm 을 유지하였다. Pyriminobac-methyl도 같은 경향을 보여 면적의 크기는 확산성실험에 큰 영향이 없었다. 발포성 정제 살포 24시간 후 처리지점으로부터 바람의 방향 또는 바람의 반대방향으로 2.4 m 떨어진 지점에서의 제초제 주성분 농도는 차이가 없었다. 표준 약량의 4배량으로 5 g 짜리 4개의 정제를 4개지점에 동시에 처리한 경우 처리 24시각 후 halosulfuron-methyl 및 pyriminobac-methyl은 균일한 확산성을 나타냈다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제10권
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• pp.69-72
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• 1990

In this paper the numerical method for the study of wave reflection from and transmission through submerged permeable breakwaters using the boundary element method is developed. The numerical analysis technique is based on the wave pressure function instead of velocity potential because it is difficult to define the velocity potential in the each region arising the energy dissipation. Also, the non-linear energy dissipation within the submerged porous structure is simulated by introducing the linear dissipation coefficient and the tag mass coefficient equivalent to the non-linear energy dissipation. For the validity of this analysis technique, the numerical results obtained by the present boundary element method are compared with those obtained by the other computation method. Good agreements are obtained and so the validity of the present numerical analysis technique is proved.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2009

PPCP (pharmaceuticals and personal care products) is known as micropollutant that is released from wastewater treatment plant. Research represents that these contaminants have increased in the last 10 years. This study tries to make four different trickling filter systems using plastic fiber media to remove PPCP such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, caffeine. The results of the experiment that compares the process efficiencies of four different systems (A, B, C and D) using HBC media show that almost all the reactor has around 95% removal efficiency. Slope type HBC reactor has twice higher efficiency rather than submerged type reactor to remove PPCP in water system. In 8 hours, 89% of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, caffeine are removed in slope type reactor while 39% of them in submerged type.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.679-685
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• 1998

The Soysauce wastewater removal characteristics of submerged biofilters filled with two filter media respectively were experimentally examined with constant temperature, pH value and variable BOD loading and recirculation ratio. The decreasing order of BOD removal is Netring(random plastic media), cubic wire meshes(plastic module). This is mainly due to the media characteristics such as void ratio, specific surface area and media shapes. The BOD removal ratio decreases with increasing $BOD_5$/ volumetric loading rate, and the loading rate for the BOD removal over 85% is lower than 1.5kg$BOD_5$ 5/$m^3$d for the plastic media of Netring and cubic wire meshes. The $BOD_5$ removal rate increases with the recirculation ratio, but the rate of increase become smaller as the recirculation ratio increases over 20. When $BOD_5$ volumetric loading is 1.5kg$BOD_5$/$m^3$d, the required recirculation ratio to obtain 85% BOD$_{5}$ removal is about 20 for Netring and it was about 30 for cubic wire meshes.s.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2003

In this study, it was performed using submerged nonwoven bioreactor(SNBR) for removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphate under different aeration intervals(intermittent aeration). We applied the SNBR at the cheap nonwoven fiber module instead of the expensive membrane. The SUBR was mainly made up of an activated sludge reactor and a transverse flow nonwoven module, with an innovative configuration being in application between them. In case of sewage, the aeration conditions experimented consist of continuous aeration and 60min/60min, 120min/60min, 120min/120min of aeration/nonaeration time intervals, respectively. In case of landfill leachate, the intermittent aeration condition was 120min/120min at aeration/nonaeration. Consequently, a high COD removal rate (about 94%) was achieved in sewage and leachate. Although nutrient removal rate was relatively high without any additional chemicals.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.209-216
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• 1998

Some mechanical properties of the submerged arc-welded(SAW) zone between different kinds of metal (SS400+SB450) are investigated and compared with that between same kinds of metal (SS400+SS400 and SB450+SB450). The analysis of the chemical components and observation of the micro-structure by SEM of the weld zone are also carried out. And the effect of the stress relief annealing is examined by comparing tensile strength, elongation, toughness add hardness of SAW specimens before and after the heat treatment.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2005

PP hollow fiber membrane was hydrophilized by EVOH dip coating followed by low temperature plasma treatment and UV irradiation. EVOH coating attained high water flux without any prewetting but its stability did not guaranteed at high water permeation rate. At high water permeation rate, water flux declined gradually due to swelling and delamination of the EVOH coating layer causing pore blocking effect. However, plasma treatment reduces the swelling, which suppress delamination of the EVOH coating layer from PP support result in relieving the flux decline. Also, UV irradiation helped the crosslinking of the EVOH coating layer to enhance the performance at low water permeation rate. FT-IR and ESCA analyses reveal that EVOH dip coating performed homogeneously through not only membrane surface but also matrix. Thermogram of EVOH film modified plasma treatment and W irradiation show that crosslinking density of EVOH layer increased. Chemical modification by plasma treatment and UV irradiation stabilized the hydrophilic coating layer to increase the critical flux of the submerged membrane.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.486-494
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• 2020

Objectives: Management of a horizontal root fracture of an anterior teeth is challenging and often requires multiple approaches for improving the functional and esthetic outcomes. This case report describes the treatment and 2-yr follow up of 3 maxillary incisors with horizontal root fracture. Two maxillary central incisors were treated with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (ProRoot MTA, Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA). Left maxillary lateral incisors were treated with endodontic treatment and submerged. During 2-yr of follow-up evaluation, the root-fractured teeth of the present patients were well retained in the arch, showing periodontal healing even after endodontic treatment.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2018

In this study, effluent water was produced through Submerged Membrane Bio-Reactor(SMBR) process, which is a simple system and decomposes organic matter contained in wastewater with biological treatment process and performs solid-liquid separation, Especially, ozone oxidation treatment process is applied to effluent water containing fluorescent whitening agent, which is a trace pollutant which is not removed by biological treatment, and influences the quality of reused water. The concentration of $COD_{Cr}$ in the SMBR was $449.3mg/{\ell}-COD_{Cr}$, and the concentration of permeate water was $100.3mg/{\ell}-COD_{Cr}$. The removal efficiency was about 70.1%. The amount of ozone required for the removal of the fluorescent whitening agent in the permeated water in SMBR was $6.67g-O_3/min$, and the amount of ozone required to remove $COD_{Mn}$ relative to the permeate water was calculated to remove $0.997mg-COD_{Mn}$ for 1mg of $O_3$.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.2125-2134
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• 2000

본 연구는 매립지에서 발생되는 침출수를 배출허용기준 이내로 처리함은 물론 경제적인 처리 공정을 개발하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 현장 pilot test 이전에 최적 공정 선정과 장치 설계인자를 도출하기 위해 실험실에서 기초실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 개발하고자하는 처리공정은 역삼투시스템을 이용하는 공정인데 전처리로서 침지형분리막 생물반응기를 이용하였으며, 역삼투시스템에서 발생되는 농축수는 매립가스를 열원으로 하는 직화식 증발기를 이용하여 처리하는 공정이다. 실험결과 침지형분리막 생물반응기에서 SS, $BOD_5$, $COD_{cr}$, $NH_4{^+}-N$은 각각 99.0%, 43.0%, 12.9%, 48.5%, 18.7%의 제거효율을 보였다. 역삼투시스템온 $BOD_5$, $COD_{cr}$, $NH_4{^+}-N$, T-N을 각각 97.5%, 97.6%, 79.7%, 85.4% 제거할 수 있었다. 증발기는 $COD_{cr}$, $NH_4{^+}-N$, T-N을 각각 90.5%, 50.6%, 63.3% 제거할 수 있었으나 배출허용기준 이내로 처리하기는 어려운 것으로 나타나 응축수는 역삼투시스템 전단으로 보내서 전처리수와 함께 처리되어야할 것으로 나타났다.