• 수면정신생리
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2009

목 적: 한국인 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증 환자의 연령과 성별에 따른 사회 인구학적, 임상적, 수면 구조, 수면 호흡 변인의 차이점을 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법: 야간 수면다원기록법을 통하여 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증으로 확진된 308명을 대상으로 구조화된 면담을 통하여 사회 인구학적 정보, 과거 병력, 약물 복용, 수면과 관련된 과거력에 관한 정보를 획득하였다. 주관적인 수면의 질과 주관적 졸리움 정도를 측정하기 위하여 피츠버그 수면의 질 척도(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI)와 엡워스 졸림증 척도(Epworth sleepiness scale, ESS)도 작성하도록 하였다. 결 과: 전체 대상 308명 중에 남자가 239명(77.6%), 여자가 69명(22.4%)이었으며, 평균 연령은 49.5${\pm}$13.3세였다. 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증 환자들을 연령별로 나누어 살펴 본 결과, 연령에 따른 수면 구조의 변화 방향은 대체로 정상노화 과정과 일치하지만 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증의 영향으로 변화의 폭이 더 컸다. 수면무호흡증의 심각도는 연령의 증가에 따라 유의하게 변하지는 않았다. 30대에서 60대 사이에서는 체질량지수와 호흡장애지수 간의 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 70대 이후에서는 주관적인 졸림증은 덜 호소하면서 주관적인 수면의 질 저하는 더 호소하였다. 남성에서 무호흡의 심각도가 여성에 비해 두드러졌고, 수면의 구조적 변화도 남성에서 더 크게 나타났다. 연령 증가에 따라 여성 수면무호흡증 환자의 비율이 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 결 론: 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증이 있는 경우, 연령 증가에 따른 수면 구조의 변화는 정상 노화와 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증 모두의 영향을 받았다. 수면무호흡증의 심각도는 연령과는 관련성이 없었으며 체질량지수와 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 남성에서 무호흡의 정도와 수면 구조의 변화가 더 컸다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of farming in greenhouses with respect to subjective fatigue symptoms among farmers and the degree of symptoms. The study compared 176 green-house farmers with 216 open field farmers using a subjective fatigue symptoms rating scale developed by the Industrial Research Institute of Fatigue, Japanese Association for industrial Hygiene. 1. With respect to complaint rates of the subjective fatigue symptoms, the results indicated that greenhouse farmers have, in order of severity, high degrees of low back pain, difficulty in collecting thoughts, and apt to forget. 2. With respect to cumulative scores of fatigue symptoms, the results indicated that both groups of farmers exhibited a lack of attentiveness and a high degree of dullness and sleepiness(category I), body projection of fatigue(category II), and difficulty in concentration(category III). 3. With respect to general characteristics, it was found that the degrees of subjective fatigue symptoms were found to be higher among females, people with lower educational levels, and the elderly, regardless of the group. 4. With respect to work related factors, farmers with more years of experiences were found to have higher degrees of subjective fatigue symptoms, except for open field farmers with less than nine years experience. Both groups of farmers were found to have high degrees of subjective fatigue symptoms when working less than eight hours a day and less than six months a year. 5. With respect to health habits, for people who get less than eight hours of sleep per day exhibited higher fatigue scores than people who get more than eight hours. People who do not smoke and drink also exhibited higher fatigue scores than people who smoke and drink. 6. The results of multiple regression showed that the risk factors related to the subjective fatigue symptoms of farmers in the greenhouse group were ages, levels of education, sex and for the comparison group, were sex. years of farming, and hours of sleep. The R-square were 12.5% in the greenhouse group and 12.1% in the comparison son group. The differences between the greenhouse and open field farmers in the degrees of fatigue symptoms were found not to be statistically significant even if the working conditions of the greenhouse farmers were poor. This may be attributed to non-work related factors, i.e., social, economical, and psychological factors among greenhouse farmers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2006

연구배경 : 수면설문조사가 환자의 수면과 관련된 문제점을 파악하고 수면다원검사의 시행을 필요로 하는 환자를 선별하는 검사로써 임상적 유용성이 있는지 여부를 알아보고자 하였다 방 법 : 가톨릭대학교 성바오로병원 수면장애 클리닉에 의뢰되어 수면다원검사와 수면설문조사를 시행한 환자 를 대상으로, 수면설문조사에 포함되어 있는 환자의 일반적 특성, 병력, 수면-각성주기 동안의 행동, 코골이, 수면과 관련된 호흡장애 및 주간 졸음증과 관계된 증상 등 각각의 항목과 수면다원검사의 각 지표를 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 전체 환자수는 1081명으로 남자 849명, 여자 232명이었고 나이는 $44.2{\pm}12.8$세였다. AHI<5인 군은 38 .9%, $5{\leq}AHI<20$는 27.9%, $20{\leq}AHI<40$는 13.2% 그리고$AHI{\geq}40$는 20.0%였다. 검사를 시행하게 된 주된 동기는 코골이(91.7%), 무호흡(74.5%), 주간 졸음증(8.0%), 불면증(4.3%), 이갈이(1.1%), 집중력 장애(0.5%)였다. 수면 중 깨는 횟수는 평균 1.6회 였으며 그 이유는 소변을 보기 위함이 46.3%로 가장 많았다. Epworth Sleepiness Scale과 무호흡-저호흡지수(AHI)는 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.209, p<0.01). 수면설문 조사 항목 중 코골이, 주간 졸음증, 수면 후 각성 상태의 중증도에 따른 각 군간의 평균 AHI는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결 론 : 수면설문조사에서 나타나는 ESS, 코골이, 주간 졸음증이나 수면 후 각성 상태 등 주관적 임상증상의 중증도는 수면다원검사 결과의 수면 무호흡의 중증도와 유의한 상관관계가 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 수면설문조사는 환자의 수면장애 특히 수면과 관련된 호흡장애의 정도를 예측하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.139-143
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• 2002

운전자가 고속도로와 시내도로에서 3시간 동안 주행했을 때 주관적인 운전 피로감 및 졸림감, 신체적인 불편도를 주관적 평가지를 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험결과 운전 피로감은 모든 주행조건에서 운전시간이 경과됨에 따라 유의하게 증가하였고 졸림감은 고속도로 주행시 운전시간에 따라 유의하게 증가하였으며 시내 주행에서 고속도로 주행보다 더 많은 신체부위에서 불편도가 높았다. 따라서 운전 피로는 운전시간에 따라 증가하고 고속도로에서는 졸음, 시내주행에서는 신체적인 불편으로 인한 피로가 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.146-155
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• 1995

Jet lag can be defined as the cumulative physiological and psychological effects of rapid air travel across multiple time zone. The consequences of jet lag include fatigue, general malaise, sleep disturbances, and reductions of cognitive and psychomotor performance, all of which have been documented in experimental biological and air crew personnel studies. Thus authors tried to study the jet lag of natural travellers by modified self reporting sleep log. Total 61 healthy travellers was studied for 3 days before and 7 days after jet-flights across seven to ten time zone. The eastbound travelling group was 38 persons, aged 19 -70 and westbound travelling group was 23 persons, aged 13 - 69. Sleep onset time, wake-up time, sleep latency, awakening frequency on night sleep, awakening duration on night sleep, sleepiness at wake-up and nap length were evaluated. Our results suggested that the 7 to 10 time zone shift gave significant influence to traveller's sleep-wake cycles. The date which subjective physical condition was recovered on was $5.16{\pm}1.50$ day after arrivals for eastbound, while for westbound, $4.91{\pm}1.62$ day. In eastbound travelling, sleep onset time became later than baselines and could not recover until 7th day. But in westbound, it became earlier than baseline and could recover until 6th day. The mean score of 24-hour sleepiness was greater in eastboumd than westbound. Therefore the eastbound travelling caused more sleep-wake cycle disturbance and daytime dysfunction than westbound travelling. In other parameters, there was no definite difference between east and westbound. From our results, it was suggested that the symptom severity of jet lag was dependent on the travelling direction. To demonstrate more definite evidence, large sized data collections and comparision by age difference were needed.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

This research is based on self-filling survey which 656 dental hygienists who work in, seoul, the metropolitan area, jeon-buk area participated on July 2006 through August 2006. This survey was analyzed the relationship between the subjective symptoms(6 types) and outdoor air quality($O_3,\;NO_2,\;CO,\;SO_2,\;PM_{10}$) As follows analyzed results. The health condition of dental hygienists were "Feel Good" more than 50% in last month. The experience the symptoms level is higher then non-experience level in "Dry eye, itch, smarting", "Headaches", "Fatigue and sleepiness", "Red eye", "Hypersensitivity", "Dorsalgia, omarthralgia, cervicodynia". We anticipated that the more experience the subjective symptom the more likely it is that outdoor air quality will be high rate level. But we could not find the uniformity in metropolitan-area and seoul-area. In the case of jeonbuk area, the group's pollution density levels which experienced the subjective symptom were appeared high rate than inexperienced group except $SO_2$. It probably comes from sensibility for an air pollution in this area. Dental hygienists who work in jeonbuk area have an unusual sensibility for an air pollution because outdoor air quality of jeonbuk area was rule good rather than others area. especially $SO_2$ was revealed out even though low rate level in inexperienced group it is that the number of cars in jeonbuk area is increasing rapidly.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2003

The present study was designed to evaluate the factors influential on stress and subjective fatigue symptoms based on school life environments and daily life styles among high school students. The self-administered questionnaires were delivered to 2,381 high school students of both sexes in Taejon Metropolitan city during the period from Mar. 1st to Jun. 30th, 2000. The analysis of study results revealed the following findings: 1. According to the magnitude of stress, the normal subjects were 3.1%, the groups with potential stress were 64.7%, and the groups at high risk for stress were 32.2%. Higher level of stress existed in the female than the male students, and in the third grader than the 1st and 2nd graders. According to the classification of typical constitutional symptoms of fatigue, category III (group with bodily projection of fatigue) was the most frequent and it was followed by category II (group with difficulty in concentration) and category I (group with dullness and sleepiness) in a decreasing order of frequency, which showed that the predominant pattern of fatigue arose from the body parts. 2. With regard to the school life characteristics and stress scores, the higher scores of stress were shown in the groups with the lower grades, with worse friend's relation and with the lower satisfaction with the school life. The scores for the subjective fatigue symptoms were higher in the male, in the low graders, in the better friend's relation, and in the satisfactory group than the respective counterparts. 3. Concerning home life characteristics, the higher scores of stress were associated with the students characterized by the recognized poor economic conditions, lower interests of parents, lack of satisfaction with the home life, the poor subjective health status. On the other hand, the scores for the subjective fatigue symptoms were higher in the student groups with good economic conditions, higher interests of parents, presence of satisfaction with the home life, and good subjective health status. 4. Concerning daily life styles, the higher scores of stress were in the students who had inappropriate sleep hours, skipped breakfasts, daily consumption of intermeal snacks, lack of exercise, daily smoking, normal indices of obesity, and lower indices of health habit. Conversely, the scores of subjective fatigue symptoms were higher in the groups who had daily breakfasts, no intermeal snacks, daily exercise, no smoking than their counterparts. 5. The factors exerting influence upon the stress included the satisfaction with school life, friend's relation, satisfaction with the home life, exercise, school grades, interests of parents, school year, sex, scores of health habit, degree of obesity, economic conditions of home. Those influencing on the degree os stress included stress, intermeal snacks, smoking, friend's relation and satisfaction with the home life.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.122-126
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• 2002

목 적 : 본 연구는 37시간의 수면박탈이 정상인의 시각변별력에 미치는 영향을 Cybernetic Flicker Fusion Analyzer(FLIMK)를 사용하여 평가를 하고자 하였으며, 이런 수면박탈의 시각변별력에의 영향이 졸음, 피로, 불안 및 기분상태와 어떤 연관성이 있는지를 조사하였다. 방 법 : 26명의 대상(남：녀=20：6, $24.50{\pm}1.45$세)이 연구에 참여하였으며, 37시간 동안 감시하에서 수면박탈이 시행되었다. 이틀간의 실험기간 동안 아침, 저녁에 한 차례씩 총 4회에 걸쳐 FLIMK와 졸음, 피로, 불안, 기분상태에 대한 자가보고 척도를 시행하였다. 결 과 : FLIMK 검사결과, 융합주파수는 37시간의 수면 박탈에 의하여 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 융합주파수에 이르는 검사회수(반응회수)도 수면박탈 후에 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 융합주파수의 감소는 졸음과 피로도의 증가와 상관관계를 보였으며(p<0.05), 반응회수는 불안, 피로 및 부정적 정서와 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 결 론 : 본 연구는 37시간의 수면박탈이 시각변별력의 저하를 가져오는 것을 보여주었다. 향후 수면박탈이 시각변별력에 영향을 미치는 기전에 관한 연구가 필요하다고 하겠다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.277-287
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• 1996

본 연구는 주정중독에 동반된 우울증 환자의 치료에서 적어도 행동학적 부작용의 관점에서는 PAR이 AMI보다 우수함을 증명하였다. 이러한 PAR의 행동학적 효과의 우수성은 환자의 삶의 질을 향상시키고 결국 치료결과를 높이는데 관여하리라고 생각된다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 1997

In order to investigate the complaint rates of subjective fatigue symptoms and study the relationship between them and body type, health awareness in middle school students, we carried out a survey of 1,209 students (654 boy students and 555 girl students) at a middle school in Taejon City by a self-recorded questionnaire. The survey was conducted in June, 1997. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Among complaints of fatigue, "feel like lying down" was the highest, followed by "feel anxious about things", "feel drowsy", "yawning a lot", "eye strain" and "whole body feels tired" in descending order. 2. In the average weighted score of fatigue complaint, dullness and sleepiness (I) was the highest, followed by a difficulty in concentration (II) and bodily projection of fatigue (III) in descending order. Fatigue seems to create mental stress rather than physical burdens. 3. In the classification of body type based on the $R\ddot{o}hrer$ index, the obesity type (145 and above) was 11.0%, standard type (110~144) was 64.7% and leptosomic type (l09 and below) was 24.3%. Comparison between both sexes revealed that the rate of obesity and leptosomic types were significantly higher in boy students than in girl students. 4. In terms body type awareness, the statistics are the following: those who consider themselves to be standard type, 44.3%, slightly obese 24.5%, leptosomic, 23.5% and obese 7.8%. However, the level of obesity awareness was significantly higher in girl students than in boy students. 5. As for health awareness, 36.5% considered themselves healthy, 5.4% generally healthy and 10.1% a little unhealthy, but the level of unhealthy awareness was higher in girl students than in boy students. 6. In the relationship between body type and health awareness, most students thought that they were obese in spite of their standard body type. Also, many students who were obese and leptosomic tended to consider themselves to be a little unhealthy. 7. The more the students were obese or felt unhealthy, the more the average weighted score of fatigue complaints was high.