• 정신신체의학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2007

통증은 주관적인 증상이며 이전의 경험에 의해 많이 영향을 받지만, 환자가 없는 증상을 만들어내는 것이 아니라 실재하는 것이다. 객관적인 병리가 뒷받침되는 통증은 쉽게 설명되고 치료할 수 있지만 그렇지 않은 통증은 많은 혼란과 좌절을 초래한다. 통증의 종류는 1) 해부학적인 특징과 객관적인 소견이 있는 경우 2) 해부학적인 특징이 있고 객관적인 소견이 없는 경우 3) 해부학적인 특징이 없고 스트레스, 신체화 증상과 연관된 경우 4) 해부학적인 특징이 없고 신체적인 손상과 연관이 있는 경우로 나눌 수 있다. 만성 통증의 경우 감정적, 신체적 또는 성적인 학대를 당한 병력이 있는 경우가 많다. 심리적으로 신체화 증상은 고통스런 기억을 억압하고 관심을 구하는 과정에서 나타난다. 또한 학대의 병력이 생리학적인 변화를 유발하거나 발달과정 중에서 통증에 대한 감수성을 높이고 유기적인 변화를 일으키는 것으로 생각된다. 스트레스와 연관된 통증의 치료에는 운동, 명상, 인지치료, 약물치료, 바이오피드백 치료 등의 다각적인 방법이 필요하다. 인지치료는 통증에 대한 환자의 인식과 대처방식을 바꿈으로써 통증을 경감시키는 방법으로 스트레스로 인해 발생하는 통증치료에 효과적이다. 약물치료로는 주로 항우울제 계열의 약물이 효과적인데, 항우울제는 기분증상의 호전과 무관하게 통증을 경감시키는 효과를 갖고 있다. 긴장이완 훈련과 병행하는 바이오피드백 치료 역시 통증치료에 효과적일 수 있으며, 그밖에 적절한 운동과 명상요법 같은 방법 역시 통증치료에 도움이 될 수 있다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to investigate the correlation of subjective stress caused by traffic accident with patient's prognosis. Methods : We investigated 53 cases of in-patient with traffic accident. The patients answered that questionnaire about subjective pain and stress on hospitalization day and leaving hospital day. And we calculated statistically signification with this data. Results 1. IES-R-K score of female group was significantly higher than male group's. 2. There was statistically significant correlation between IES-R-K score and admission duration. 3. After hospitalization treatment, there was statistically significant reduction of VAS and IES-R-K score. Conclusions : There was significant correlation between subjective stress and prognosis.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

Purpose : This study investigated the relationship between body type, subjective symptoms and health awareness in female high school students Methods : The subjects were 393 students at the female high school in Taejon City by self-recorded questionnaires in May, 2006. Results : In the classification of body type based on the degree of obesity, low weight group was 20.9%, normal weight group was 58.0%, over weight group was 11.7% and obesity group was 9.4%. In the level of body type wareness, those who consider themselves to be obesity type 13.7%, standard type were 43.8%, and leptosomic type 8.1%, but there was a clear tendency to be leptosomic type that the rate was 76.3%. In the complaint rates of subjective symptoms, “fatigue” was the highest, followed by “neck pain(stiffness)”, “dizziness”, “stomachache” in the descending order. In the complaint rates of subjective symptoms by the degree of obesity, dizziness, irregular menstruation and anorexia were higher according to the lower obesity, but constipation and wearied eyes were the higher the more obesity. Conclusion : The study results showed that the recent female high school students were clear tendency to be leptosomic type, and leptosomic and obesity type were related with subjective symptoms. Considering these findings, it appeared that being excessively thin is related to symptoms and young women's thinness-oriented attitudes are unhealthful.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

Continuous lifting and carrying of babies constitutes a serious physical burden, leading to issues such as muscle fatigue and pain in child-care workers. However, there is a lack of research on the pressure and subjective comfort of baby carriers that are commercially available in the market. Therefore, this study was intended to determine the most comfortable and least burdensome type of baby carrier. This was done by analyzing muscle activity and pressure when subjects carried babies using three types of baby carriers. The types of baby carriers evaluated included a 'baby carrier of thin shoulder straps without back support band (X-type)', a 'baby carrier with a back-support band and without a hip sheet (H-type)', and a 'baby carrier with back support band and hip support (H-hip type). The subjective comfort of subjects wearing each type of baby carrier was investigated and compared to the objectively measured data. As a result, the X-type baby carrier showed the heaviest pressure on the shoulders and the subjective comfort was found to not be good. On the waist region, the H-type and H-hip type baby carriers showed significantly less muscle activation than the X-type baby carrier. However, subjects showed a stronger preference for the X-type baby carrier on the waist region, despite greater muscle activation. This appears to be because although the back-support band disperses the weight and thus improves physiological comfort; the wearers feel cramped and thus, lower their psychological comfort.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.305-313
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• 1991

In order to investigate industrial fatigue due to visual display terminal (VDT) work of banking operations the questionnaire survey for subjective symptoms of fatigue was carried out on 470 bank clerks who had been engaged in VDT work for various length of work hours. The questionnaires comprised three groups of 10 items each, representing dullness and sleepiness (level of cerebral activation), difficulty in concentration (level of motivation) and bodily projection of fatigue. The results were as follows : 1. Of the 30 items of questionnaires, the highest percentage was accounted for by 'eye strain' (51.5% ), followed by 'feel stiffness in the neck or the shoulders'(33.4%), 'feel a pain in the low back'(26.8%), 'whole body feels tired'(19.6%) and 'feel headache'(17.9%) in the order of sequence. 2. The average weighted score for the first group of questionnaire items (dullness and sleepiness) was the largest among three groups and was followed by 'the third cup (bodily projection of fatigue) and the second item group (difficulty in concentration) in the order of sequence, suggesting the heavier mental stress of VDT work in banking operations rather than physical burden. 3. In terms of the age and sex of workers, work duration and VDT work percentage, the difference in average weighted score was noted only between sex, the score of female being larger than that of male. 4. The complaint rates of subjective symptoms showed close associations with the subjective optimums of room temperature, ventilation, illumination and noise level. 5. The significant correlation was showed between age, work duration and item of 'whole body feels tired', between VDT work percentage and items of 'eye strain' and 'feel stiffness in the neck or shoulders' and between all items of subjective symptoms.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.859-869
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective oral health awareness, oral health knowledge, oral health behavior and OHIP-14 in industrial workers. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 243 workers in Jeonbuk May 7 to June 10, 2014. Except incomplete answers, 230 data were analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(sex, age, career, marital status, abd family), oral health recognition characteristics(oral health attention, subjective oral health status, and oral health concern), oral health knowledge, oral health behavior, and oral health related quality of life. The instrument was 14 questions od OHIP-14 including functional restriction(2 questions), physical pain(2 questions), psychological discomfort(2 questions), physical ability decease(2 questions), psychological function decease(2 questions), social activity decrease (2 questions), and social discomfort(2 questions). Cronbach's alpha was 0.949 in this study and it was reliable. Results: Oral health interests showed that 57.8% of the workers had concern for oral health interests and 50.4% perceived that their subjective oral health was moderate status. 55.6% of the workers answered that their oral health status was very worried. Women had more knowledge about the oral health. Those who were in fifties tended to have more knowledge of oral health than the other age groups. Those who had more concern for oral health included female workers, married workers, and workers above 21 years. The concern for oral health made the workers keep good oral health. Higher score of OHIP-14 means good oral health. Conclusions: Good oral health-related quality of life is proportional to continuous management of oral health and subjective oral health status. It is necessary to develop the tailored oral health education program for the workers.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.827-840
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics, health factors, oral health factors and subjective body shape perception of adolescents in order to provide basic data for adolescents health management. Methods: This study was analyzed using Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey in 2015, where 68,043 adolescents in total participated. Data were analyzed by SPSS Ver. 21.0. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships among health factors and oral health factors related to subjective body shape perception. Results: The analysis of the factors influencing the body shape perception of male adolescents showed that they tend to be low in school performance, low in family economic level, and high school students. The worse they perceive their subjective health to be, the more they feel stress, and the less frequently they brush their teeth per day. They had bad breath. The analysis of the factors influencing the body shape perception of female adolescents showed that they tend to be low in school performance, low in family economic level, and high school students. The worse they feel their subjective health is, the more they feel unhappy, and stressful, and the less frequently they brush their teeth per day. They feel pain during chewing, and have bad breath. Conclusions: In conclusion, it is necessary to consider educational intervention in adolescent life that will make them have proper perception of their body shape for proper health management of it. To make the intervention effective, we need to consider various factors such as health factors and oral health factors.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.228-231
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• 2009

Recent studies have focused on human empathic behavior regarding to physical, cognitive, and emotional aspects. Especially empathy is considered as a multidisciplinary study because of its wide application. However, majority of the studies have been focusing on empathy induced by negative emotion and physical pain. As a result, the purpose of this study, based on Loggia et al. (2008), is to investigate if empathy could be induced by positive events, and consequently if the positive empathy could increase subjective value of reward. According to the result of experiment which involved eight participants, we could confirm the inducement of empathy by positive events significantly; its power is not so strong though. However there was no interaction between empathy type (positive and no empathy) and whether the target received the reward or not. But if we would recruit more participants and additionally analyze correlation among trait/empathic state questionnaire, subjective ratings of the reward and emotion of the target, we suggest that this study would be valuable in that it could expand the empathy studies.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to categorize the subjective perception of suicide of young social workers in their 20s and 30s, and to explore the factors constituting each type, and used the Q methodology. Research design, Research method: As a research method, the Q population was derived through in-depth interviews and literature research, and the final 23 Q statements were confirmed. Next, 30 social workers in their 20s and 30s were classified by normal distribution on a 7-point scale as a P sample. The collected data were analyzed using the QUANL-PC program. Result: As a result of the analysis, four types were extracted, and there were no affirmative statements commonly cited in all types, and the opposite statement is 'if someone wants to commit suicide, it is the person's job and should not interfere'. Types 4 named suicide as 'unacceptable social problem', 'signal of a request for help, relief of severe pain, and 'impulsive mistake', respectively. Conclusion: Based on this result, the elements constituting the perception of each type were analyzed, and the need for access strategies for each type of suicide prevention education and campaign, and follow-up research were suggested.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of farming in greenhouses with respect to subjective fatigue symptoms among farmers and the degree of symptoms. The study compared 176 green-house farmers with 216 open field farmers using a subjective fatigue symptoms rating scale developed by the Industrial Research Institute of Fatigue, Japanese Association for industrial Hygiene. 1. With respect to complaint rates of the subjective fatigue symptoms, the results indicated that greenhouse farmers have, in order of severity, high degrees of low back pain, difficulty in collecting thoughts, and apt to forget. 2. With respect to cumulative scores of fatigue symptoms, the results indicated that both groups of farmers exhibited a lack of attentiveness and a high degree of dullness and sleepiness(category I), body projection of fatigue(category II), and difficulty in concentration(category III). 3. With respect to general characteristics, it was found that the degrees of subjective fatigue symptoms were found to be higher among females, people with lower educational levels, and the elderly, regardless of the group. 4. With respect to work related factors, farmers with more years of experiences were found to have higher degrees of subjective fatigue symptoms, except for open field farmers with less than nine years experience. Both groups of farmers were found to have high degrees of subjective fatigue symptoms when working less than eight hours a day and less than six months a year. 5. With respect to health habits, for people who get less than eight hours of sleep per day exhibited higher fatigue scores than people who get more than eight hours. People who do not smoke and drink also exhibited higher fatigue scores than people who smoke and drink. 6. The results of multiple regression showed that the risk factors related to the subjective fatigue symptoms of farmers in the greenhouse group were ages, levels of education, sex and for the comparison group, were sex. years of farming, and hours of sleep. The R-square were 12.5% in the greenhouse group and 12.1% in the comparison son group. The differences between the greenhouse and open field farmers in the degrees of fatigue symptoms were found not to be statistically significant even if the working conditions of the greenhouse farmers were poor. This may be attributed to non-work related factors, i.e., social, economical, and psychological factors among greenhouse farmers.