• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.5
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• pp.529-537
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• 2017

We explored how changes in blood vessel compliance affected the systolic rise time (SRT) of the maximum blood pressure (BP) peak wave and the diastolic fall time (DFT) of the minimal BP peak wave, compared to photoplethysmograpic (PPG) parameters, using a two-compartment, second-order, arterial Windkessel model. We employed earlier two-compartment Windkessel models and the components thereof to construct equivalent blood vessel circuits, and reproduced BP waveforms using PSpice technology. The SRT and DFT values were obtained via circuit simulation, considering variations in compliance (the dominant influence on blood vessel parameters attributable to BP changes). And then performed regression analysis to identify how compliance affected the SRT and DFT. We compared the SRTs and DFTs of BP waves to the PPG values by reference to BP changes in each subject. We confirmed that the time-shift propensities of BP waves and the PPG data were highly consistent. However, the time shifts differed significantly among subjects. These simulation and experimental results allowed us to construct an initial trend curve of individual BP peak time (measured via wrist PPG evaluations at three arm positions) that facilitated accurate individual BP estimations.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2008

This paper describes the nonlinear analyses of a 1:4 scale model of a prestressed concrete containment vessel (PCCV) using an axisymmetric model and a three-dimensional model. These two models are refined by comparison of the analysis results and with testing results. This paper is especially focused on the analysis of behavior under pressure and the temperature effects revealed using an axisymmetric model. The temperature-dependent degradation properties of concrete and steel are considered. Both geometric and material nonlinearities, including thermal effects, are also addressed in the analyses. The Menetrey and Willam (1995) concrete constitutive model with non-associated flow potential is adopted for this study. This study includes the results of the predicted thermal and mechanical behaviors of the PCCV subject to high temperature loading and internal pressure at the same time. To find the effect of high temperature accident conditions on the ultimate capacity of the liner plate, reinforcement, prestressing tendon and concrete, two kinds of analyses are performed: one for pressure only and the other for pressure with temperature. The results from the test on pressurization, analysis for pressure only, and analyses considering pressure with temperatures are compared with one another. The analysis results show that the temperature directly affects the behavior of the liner plate, but has little impact on the ultimate pressure capacity of the PCCV.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.432-437
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to determine a two dimensional axisymmetric model through a comparative study between a three dimensional and an axisymmetric finite element analysis of the reactor coolant piping nozzle subject to internal pressure. The finite element analysis results show that the stress adopting the axisymmetric model with the radius of equivalent spherical vessel are well agree with that adopting the three dimensional model. The the radii of equivalent spherical vessel are 3.5 times and 7.3 times of the radius of the reactor coolant piping for the safety injection nozzle and for the residual heat removal nozzle, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.739-748
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• 2019

For recanalization of emergent large vessel occlusions (ELVOs), endovascular therapy (EVT) using newer devices, such as a stent retriever and large-bore catheter, has shown better patient outcomes compared with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator only. Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of acute ischemic stroke, the incidence of which is rising worldwide. Thus, it is not rare to encounter underlying ICAS during EVT procedures, particularly in Asian countries. ELVO due to underlying ICAS is often related to EVT procedure failure or complications, which can lead to poor functional recovery. However, information regarding EVT for this type of stroke is lacking because large clinical trials have been largely based on Western populations. In this review, we discuss the unique pathologic basis of ELVO with underlying ICAS, which may complicate EVT procedures. Moreover, we review EVT data for patients with ELVO due to underlying ICAS and suggest an optimal endovascular recanalization strategy based on the existing literature. Finally, we present future perspectives on this subject.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.166-171
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• 2008

LNG carrier is a special-purpose vessel to transport natural gas (NG) from the place of origin to each consuming country. To increase the capacity of canying LNG carrier, the natural gas is conveyed as a state of liquid called LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) during a voyage because the total volume of NG is surprisingly reduced when it is cooled down to $-162^{\circ}C$. That is why the design of insulation of the carriers is important to protect LNG from the external heat invasion, and it has been a great challenging subject for several decades in the shipbuilding industry. For this ultimate goal, the boil-off rate (BOR) needs to be accurately estimated during a voyage. Therefore, the goal of this study is to propose a numerical method for estimating the BOR of LNG for given insulation containment subject to external temperature conditions during voyage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.61-69
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• 2020

This paper is a study of the behavior characteristics that occur in the hydrogen storage vessel TYPE 1 according to pressure and temperature conditions by FEM(Finite element method). Von Mises stress (VMS) generated at the highest pressure was compared with Yield strength (YS) of the material for structural safety assessment of the container, and the results of plastic strain energy density (PSED) were analyzed as basic data for life expectancy. According to the analysis results, the safety of the hydrogen gas storage vessel is not ensured due to the occurrence of VMS higher than the yield strength on the bottom of the storage container at a gas pressure of 40 Mpa or higher. In addition, the results of VMS caused by temperature conditions are very low and the behavior by temperature can be ignored. The maximum pressure of VMS/YS below 1 is calculated to be about 30 Mpa, indicating that the hydrogen storage container subject to this paper should be managed with a gas charging pressure of less than 30 Mpa.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

Objectives : The conventional direct and indirect moxibustion therapies for prostate treatment could not been applied to the acupuncture point of $CV_1$(Conception Vessel Meridian 1, 會陰) because of its boring body region. The position of $CV_1$(會陰) is the back side of hard part between the anus and the genital organ. The conventional moxibustion methods have many troubles in operating to the acupuncture point of $CV_1$(會陰). In order to get rid of these problems, we have suggested the special heat generating terminal especially for prostate. The features of the special heat generating terminal for prostate are the low temperature infrared heater and the adhesive moxa-pad. These features are no burnt, no fiery and especially suitable for the point of $CV_1$(會陰). Methods: The heat generating terminal which is a part of the moxa-extract moxibustion cauterizer is composed of a PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficients) ceramic heater and the adhesive moxa-pad We had got the experimental demonstrations by the stimulating the acupuncture points which are $CV_1$(會陰), $BL_{28}$(Bladder Meridian 28, 膀胱兪), and $CV_3$(Conception Vessel Meridian 3, 中極) with the special heat generating terminal for the prostatitis and the benign prosthetic hypertrophy. And the stimulation level was 43$^{\circ}C$ infrared heat for one hour. The type of thermography is IRIS-5000. Results : With one subject suffering the prostatitis and another subject suffering the benign prosthetic hypertrophy, we cauterized the acupuncture points $CV_1$(會陰), $BL_{28}$(膀胱兪) and $CV_3$(中極) with the special heat generating terminal for prostate. We measured the temperature variations by the thermography before and after stimulations. Finally we estimated the tendency of temperature decreasing in the region of post-stroke urinary symptoms and the improvement of nocturnal enuresis after the stimulations. Conclusions : We suggest that the special heat generating terminal of moxa-extract moxibustion cauterizer proposed herein is effective for the treatment of prostate by NIH-CPSI and IPSS.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

This study conducted wide-tank experiments and numerical calculations for a vessel in various positions such as upright and inclined by 2 and 4 degrees, with the goal of investigating the motion amplitude response of a small damaged fishing boat subject to a beam sea. Numerical calculations were conducted based on the three-dimensional source distribution method. The good agreement of the numerical calculation and experimental results confirmed that the present calculation method can be efficiently used for the initial design of a small fishing boat. In addition, while the chine-line type has been frequently adopted to improve a ship's resistance performance in the design of a small fishing boat, it is considered that the possibility of a deterioration in rolling performance should be thoroughly considered.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.27-42
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• 2005

The S.G. Policy form contains the words "the good ship or vessel called the.....". The words "good ship" mean that the ship is deemed to be seaworthy at the commencement of the voyage and this was very necessary in the day when a separate policy was issued for each voyage. In fact the warranty do seaworthiness still applies to all voyage policies. Nevertheless, the law does not apply an absolute warranty of seaworthiness to a time policy, so a ship is not required to be seaworthy at the time the hull policy is effected. The implied warranty of seaworthiness does not extend to good, for the underwriter is not responsible for their condition, apart fro the action of the perils insured against. The implied warranty of seaworthiness is limited to the vessel herself, and does not extend to a lighter or other craft used to convey the goods to the ship. The underwriters waive any breach of the implied warranties of the seaworthiness of the ship and fitness of the ship to carry the subject-matter insured to destination, unless the assured or their servants are privy to such unseaworthiness of unfitness.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.601-607
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• 1999

The human body consists of the twelve main meridians and the eight extra meridians including Dogmaek-Gyeong and Immaek-Gyeong. This study is on twenty-eight acupuncture points Dogmaek-Gyeong and twenty-four acupuncture points Immaek-Gyeong among the eight extra meridians. It is very important to know the accurate acupuncture points, which is the fundamental subject in the Oriental Medicine. From now on they have expressed in Chinese letters and old anatomical terms, acupuncture points are difficult and confused to learn. In order to understand acupuncture points easily, they are translated into Korean anatomical terms focused on osteology in this study. Dogmaek-Gyeong is the meridian of this vessel run along the posterior meridian line of the body. The boundary commences at the coccyx, mounts the length of the vertebral column, contours the skull of the vertex along the philtrum to terminate upon the upper gum. It has twenty-eight acupuncture points. Immaek-Gyeong is the meridian of this vessel run along the anterior meridian line of the body. The boundary commences at the perineum mounts the pubic symphysis along the umbilicus, mandible and the terminates at concave of the lower lip. It has twenty-four acupuncture points.