• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to set the standard items of the garment size for infants. The studied subject consisted of 560 infants from at brith to 12 months of Pusan and Gyeongnam area. The Results from this analysis are as follows; 1. The most significant growths in body dimensions of infants as an month age advanced. Expecially, stature, weight and the items of height and length showed a quite rapid growth, but the items of girth, breadth and depth showed a slow growth. 2. The coefficient of correlation between stature and weight shows high value. The result of interpretation of the extracted components are as follows. It will be more appropriate to use the method of parallerizing with height and weight items rather than with month age in classficating and indicating of size for infant garment and in taking the head girth as basic item of infant for head-gears. Consequently, as the standard items for the classification of clothing constuction of infants, it is advisable to select weight alone or both stature and weight. 3. According to the method of classifying the somatotype by the index of body soundness, the Rohrer.Kaup index on the basis of standard items, weight and stature was divided into somatotype.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.856-863
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• 1994

To develop a optimized method for educing the errors associated with the estimation of portion size of foods, fuzzy-dta processing of portion size was performed. Cooked-rice was chosen as a food item. The experiment was conducted in two parts. First, to study the conceptions of respondents to bowl size(large, medium, small), 11 bowls of different size and shape were used and measured the actual weights of cooked-rice. Second, to study the conceptions of respondents to volume(1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4), 16 different volumes of cooked-rice in bowls of same size and shape were used. Respondents for this study were 31 graduate students. After collecting the data of respondents to size and volume, fuzzy sets of size and volume were produced. The critical values were calculated by defuzzification(mean of maximum method, center of area method). The differences of the weights of cooked-rice in various bowl size and volume between the critical values and the calculated values by average portion size using in conventional methods were compared. The results hows large inter-subject variation in conception to bowl size, especially in large size. However, conception of respondents to volume is relatively accurate. Conception to bowl size seems to be influenced by bowl shape. Considering that the new fuzzy set was calculated by cartesian product(bowl size and volume), bowl shape should be considered in estimation of bowl size to make more accurate fuzzy set for cooked-rice portion size. The limitations of this study were discussed. If more accurate data for size and volume of many other food items are collected by the increased number of respondents, reducing the errors associated with the estimation of portion size of foods and rapid processing will be possible by constructing computer processing systems.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.752-770
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• 2017

This study provides a size specification and ease for the development of pants for working clothes in the construction industry according to season. We collected and measured the size specification of 4 types of Spring/Fall pants, 4 types of winter brushed bonding pants, and 4 types of winter padded pants. Subjective comfort evaluation and analysis of ease sensation were performed for all products on 12 subjects. The average size specifications for the pants according to seasons were as follows. Spring/Fall pants had 74.0/80.0cm waist size (relaxed/maximum stretched) and 104.0cm hip size. Winter brushed bonding pants had 76.0/83.4cm for waist size and 106.0cm for hip size. Winter padded pants had 71.5/84.0cm for waist size and 112.8cm for hip size. When designing a pattern by comparing product size specification and subject body size, the recommended ease is 0.2/7.2cm for waist size (relaxed, maximum stretched) and 13.6cm for hip size for Spring/Fall pants, and 0.2/6.2cm for waist size and 11.6cm for hip size of winter brushed bonding pants, and -5.3/7.2cm for waist size and 19.4cm for the hip size of winter padded pants.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.159-169
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to study real body size and ideal body shape by considering the relations of between the degree of satisfaction and consciousness of body cathexis and real body size and to understand change of the degree of satisfaction at body part and ideal body shape with the changes of the times by comparing the date taken at 1997 to that taken at 1992. The subjects in this study were 542 and 201 female college students aged from 18 to 25 Body. measurements and survery were taken from April to June 1997, and May to June 1992 Data were analyzed by correlation analysis ANOVA duncan test and crosstabulation analysis The results were as follows : (1) The subjects tended to be satisfied with long and slim limbs silm trunk and preferred to be tall in height and light in weight. But exceptionally they tended to be unstatisfied with small bust as well as big one. (2) The subjects want to be slimmer lower body than upper body. (3) The subjects of 1997 was more statisfied with tall height light weight slim limbs and narrow shoulder than those of 1992. (4) The ideal body shape of the subject of 1997 was slim body while that of the subject of 1992 was big bust and wasp waist. (5) The subject of 1997 was more satisfied with leanner body than that of 1992.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.299-311
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a method for measuring breast size from three-dimensional (3D) body scan image data. Background: Previous bra studies established reference points by directly contacting the subject's naked skin to determine the boundary of the breast. But some subjects were uncomfortable with these types of measurements. This study examined noncontact methods of extracting breast reference points from 3D body scan data that were collected while subjects were wearing standardized soft bras. Method: 3D body scan data of 32 Korean women were analyzed. The subjects were selected from the Size Korea 2010 study. The breast landmarks were identified by graphic analyses of slicing contour lines on 3D body scan data. Results: Three methods determining bra cup size were compared. The M1 and M2 methods determined cup size by calculating the difference between bust girth and under-bust girth. The M3 method determined bra cup size by measuring breast arc length. Conclusion: The researchers proposed an anthropometric bra cup sizing system with the breast arc length (M3 method). It was measured from the geometrically defined landmarks on the 3D body scan slicing contour lines. The new bra cup size was highly correlated with breast depth. Application: The noncontact measuring method used in this study can be applied to the ergonomic studies measuring sensitive body parts.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2011

The subject of variable step size maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms has been addressed in the literature. However, most of the addressed algorithms tune the variable step size according to two variables: the photovoltaic (PV) array voltage ($V_{PV}$) and the PV array current ($I_{PV}$). Therefore, both the PV array current and voltage have to be measured. Recently, maximum power point trackers that arc based on a single variable ($I_{PV}$ or $V_{PV}$) have received a great deal of attention due to their simplicity and ease of implementation, when compared to other tracking techniques. In this paper, two methods have been proposed to design a variable step size MPPT algorithm using only a single current sensor for stand-alone battery storage PV systems. These methods utilize only the relationship between the PV array measured current and the converter duty cycle (D) to automatically adapt the step change in the duty cycle to reach the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV array. Detailed analyses and flowcharts of the proposed methods are included. Moreover, a comparison has been made between the proposed methods to investigate their performance in the transient and steady states. Finally, experimental results with field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are presented to verify the performance of the proposed methods.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2016

Purpose - The production efficiency of agricultural crops has been the subject of numerous studies in the field of agricultural economics. This study examines the production efficiency of emerging vineyards in the 14 northern U.S. states and aims to understand raw input and managerial factors affecting the grape production with focusing on the effect of farm size. Research design, data, and methodology - Using a unique survey dataset that was collected from 176 vineyards in 2012, we employed data envelopment analysis (DEA) for estimation of production efficiency in individual vineyards. Production efficiency is regressed on various input and managerial covariates to understand factors influencing the productivity. Results - Although there exists positive correlation between the farm size and productivity of vineyards in Northern U.S. states, we find negative relationship when the farm size is instrumented by the additional farm size expansion indicator. The negative effect is more pronounced for the recently established vineyards. Conclusions - This study suggests that there needs to be adequate managerial improvements for emerging vineyards in northern states for the achievement of increased productivity.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.485-500
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• 2024

This study was conducted to examine the effects of consumer evaluations on size recommendation services based on body information on consumer responses and the moderating effect of the level of information search. To analyze the research model, a total of 200 data were collected from August 18 to 24, 2022, targeting consumers who had experience with using size recommendation services based on body information. As a result of the research model analysis, it was confirmed that the compatibility, reliability, and convenience of the size recommendation services based on body information influenced attitude, which, in turn, influenced usage intention. In addition, In the case of the group subject to a low level of information search, the path through which compatibility and reliability influenced attitude was significant, but that of convenience was not. In the group featuring a high level of information search, the path through which reliability and convenience influenced attitude was significant, but that of compatibility was not. This study is meaningful in that it expanded research related to size recommendation services to the field of consumer behavior.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2022

본 연구는 학생중심의 다양한 교수학습방법을 운영하기 위한 교과교실 환경을 도출하기 위한 연구로서 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 각 교과목별 장기 및 단기 프로젝트수업의 유형 구분 없이 대부분 강의, 토론과 협의, 자료 검색, 보고서 작성, 발표, 작품전시, 기타 등이 공통적으로 도출되었다. 특히 다양한 수업이 동일 시간대 운영 될 필요성이 제시되어 단위 교과교실 내 통합 교수학습운영 환경이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 실습교과의 특성상 하나의 주제수업을 진행하기 위해 강의 및 토론 수업 등과 함께 동시에 실습수업이 연계된다는 점을 고려하면 실습교육과 동시에 강의 등 다양한 수업이 동시에 이루어질 수 있는 전문 교과교실 체계로 전환이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 미래 다양한 수업 유형의 실현을 위한 교과교실 공간크기의 적정성을 파악한 결과 특히 실습교실의 공간 크기는 이론수업용 모둠교구 배치 영역과 함께 실습전용 공간 및 작품 전시 영역 등을 포함한 공간 규모가 확장되어야 함을 알 수 있다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 토대로 미래 교수학습 수업운영을 위한 공간 환경으로는 교과공용교실제를 기본으로 학생수 규모 및 수업 비중에 따라 강의전담실, 토론 및 발표 전담실, 프로젝트학습실 등 전문 교과교실을 확보하는 것이 학생 중심의 교수학습방법의 다양한 운영을 실현 할 수 있을 것으로 파악된다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1285-1296
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• 2013

강의평가 결과에 영향을 미치는 특성변수로는 교과목 수준의 다양한 강좌특성 변수들과 수강생 수준의 다양한 인적특성 변수들이 있다. 특정 수강생은 다수의 교과목을 이수하기 때문에 다수의 교과목들은 동일한 수강생 안에 속하게 됨으로써 공유되는 특성이 있게 된다. 즉 강의평가 결과는 교과목 수준의 강좌특성 (1-수준)과 수강생 수준의 인적특성 (2-수준)에 의해 영향을 받는 다층구조 (multilevel)를 가지게 되며, 위계적 자료 특성을 가지는 복수의 분석단위의 구조가 된다. 따라서 전통적인 회귀분석에서와 같이 개별 교과목들이 독립이라는 가정을 할 수 없게 된다. 본 논문에서는 강의평가결과에 영향을 미치는 다층구조의 특성을 가진 변수들의 영향력을 보다 타당하게 분석하기 위한 방법으로 위계선형모형 (HLM; hierarchical linear model)을 이용하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 교과목 수준의 특성변수들 중에 강좌규모, 개설학년, 담당교수의 전임여부, 해당 교과목의 총 평균평점, 원어강좌 여부가 통계적으로 유의하게 강의평가 결과에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수강생 수준의 인적특성 변수들 중에는 성별, 학과계열, 대입당시 전형방법, 평균평점 등이 유의하게 강의평가 결과에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다.