• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of teenagers' perceptions to bullies according to the classification types of Q-methodology. The results of the analysis were classified in 5 types. Type 1, which was the type geared foward solution, showed that they expressed a strong attitude of sympathy and protection towards the victim. However, they had harbored rage and hostile feelings against the assaulter. For example, when they witnessed the bully in action, they positively intervened in the situation. Type 2, which was the observer type, showed that they thought the victims were to blame for their misfortune. Also, when a friend who was left out in the cold by his classmates, they were just watched without showing any special interest. Type 3, which was the type of conflict, indicated that they believed that the both the victim and the assaulter should have responsibility. In contrast to the previous type, they had sympathy for the friend who was left out in the cold by his classmates, they had the dual feeling that intended to use the bully under the situation with his friend. Type 4, which was the type of assenting, indicated that they assumed an indifferent attitude to the situation, while they implied assenting to the situation of the friend who had a bad relationship with them. Type 5, which was the negative type, showed that they had the negative view to the situation of bully itself so that they did not recognize the bully as the method of revenge for whatever reason. The results of the study showed that the bully increased the factor of stress to school life of the victim or assaulter, even in the subjective position. The perception of the bully should change according to the characteristics of the types of people and it is necessary to study how to cope with the situations.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2 s.9
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• pp.47-65
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• 2002

This project is planned to grasp the present situation of traditional medicine part in our country and to study protection method about this by the intellectual property which is the international concerning point recently. Through this, we will be able to devise means to deal with protection method of traditional medicine being developed by WIPO now. Traditional medicine field In our country Is organized with specific condition separated into the part of institution and the part of non-institution. So, because of the closed peculiarity, we have experienced the difficulties to understand the real facts about traditional medicine. We cannot be indifferent to the matter anymore. Because the expectation of object people is high, we could expect the realization of research content. In 1 detail project, we investigated the situation of traditional medicine in our country through various collecting methods for excavation of oriental treatment technique and herb medicine which is worth protecting. With it, we sorted again into 56 kinds of 11 parts through analysis of validity in the way of oriental medicine. And we tried to link this up 2 detail project which is about legal and institutional guarantee concerning protection. furthermore, we tried to find approach ways for security of objectivity into 4 steps with the example of model disease. we could complete practical classification of traditional medicine in our country. In 2 detail project, we studied the protection method by the intellectual property through research result in 1 detail project. For this, we observed an outline of the intellectual property including a patent application analysis in folk traditional medicine part, and problems of traditional medicine protection and world trend by traditional knowledge protection tendency and the patent law In domestic traditional medicines, the aspects unprotectable with the patent law now were remained. So, we suggested supplementary plan. And we also suggested the freedom of utilization between traditional medicine possession countries (in-situ utilization) and the demand compensation payment for a third country (ex-situ utilization) in connection with international movement.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1349-1358
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• 2014

This study suggests plan of green space management based on the result of research apprehending the characteristic through sorting types of city thermal environment targeting summer which thermal pollution is the most serious. Considering anthropogenic heat, development level of wind road, thermal environment, as a result of types of thermal environment process, it is appeared 36 types, and 10 types is relevant of this research subject. Type I-1, size of building is large, artificial covering area is wide, and thermal load of anthropogenic heat is high, type II-1, development condition of wind road is incomplete as IIlevel, entering cold air is difficult and thermal management and improvement is needed area. Type III-1, scale is large and it is area of origin of cold air, development level of wind road is mostly favorable, type III-2 is revealed as smaller scale than III-1, and small area of origin of cold air. Type IV, anthropogenic heat is $81{\sim}150W/m^2$, average, but development function of wind road is very favorable. Type V, large area of thermal load and the origin of cold air are distributed as similar ratio, and level of development function of wind road is revealed as II level. According to standard of type classification of thermal environment, as a result of suggesting plan of green space management and biotops area ratio, type I-1 is buffer green space and waterway creation, goal biotops area ratio 35%, type II-1 afforestation in site and goal biotops area ratio 40%, type III-1, preservation plan to display the current function continuously is requested. Type IV suggests afforestation of stream current, and type V suggests quantitative increase of green space and goal biotops area ratio 45%.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2005

The purposes of this study on various headgear at the age of the Persian Achaemenes are to analyze one cultural aspect of the Achaemenes Kingdom that made a great empire about 5th century B.C. and to understand the ancient Persian culture. It is widely recognized that the Persian region was an important place for cultural exchange between the East and the West through the Silk Road and its culture affected China and Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to study ancient culture in this region for further understanding of the Korean culture. However, research activities have not been satisfactorily conducted. This study is an attempt to elevate the interest in this subject. In this study, European archeological materials covering Naqsh-e-Rostam (a tomb of Darius), Apadana stairs, Darius palace in Persepolis, and Bistun(Behistun), the relief at the age of the Achaemenes Kingdom, were collected and analyzed. From this study, the following results were obtained. For crowns at the age of the Achaemenes Kingdom, two kinds of shapes are observed; Mitra, a kind of headband, in the early period and a cylindrical one in the later period. Mitra was also worn by chiefs trusted by the king. Further, slightly different styles of cylindrical crowns were observed, which is considered that kings might wear unique crowns to symbolize new period of their reign. In addition to crowns, various styles of headgear for subjects are observed, meaning that tribes conquered by the Persian empire used their unique headgear. Further, such different styles of headgear might be a tool for social classification. Representative styles of headgear include the semicircular one worn by the Median nobles, Strophion originated from the Elam's headband, and nomadic tribes' Baschlik observed in the Median relics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.76-87
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• 2007

Since the emergence of postmodernism, as interest in human has increased, human face image is being highlighted as one of the themes that are addressed the most. Making the images of faces and individuals shown in costumes the subject matter, this thesis examines the internal values immanent in the images in more depth and understands them based on the Panofsky's iconological interpretation scheme. This study aims to identify designer's purposes and even their unconscious intention through iconological interpretation of faces shown in the fashion and images shown in human image, and further to present basic materials in the fashion design. This research used literature reviews and case studies, and used Panofsky's iconological interpretation theory as the scheme in order to interpret the symbolic significance implied in the images. The images of faces and individuals shown in costumes were classified into six types through historical reviews, and based on the types the images of faces and individuals shown in the fashion since the 20th century were examined. The iconological analysis of the images of faces and individuals shown in costumes based on the classification of types according to historical reviews showed parodies, cultural identity, commercial use, eroticism, respect for heros and its fiction. This study has found that all such things finally return to humanism that humans should be valued and loved the most.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.435-456
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• 2010

This research compares and analyzes the legal deposit of national online electronic publishing and related laws that were recently amended in order to preserve the exponentially increasing number of electronic books(e-books). Based on the analysis, it also seeks ways to initiate a legal deposit system of e-books in South Korea. The research, therefore, defines the exact range and types of e-books. This research proposes three conditions to introduce the legal deposit system in order to preserve South Korean e-books. The first is to establish a clear definition and classification of e-books as data subject to legal deposit for preservation purposes. The second condition is to establish a legal system in order to deposit and collect network(online-exclusive) type e-books. The final condition is to reflect the opinion of publishers and to create security measures against any loss of the companies.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.138-146
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• 2007

Objective : To observe the trend in clinical study on atopic dermatitis(AD) over the last 3 years in order to develop a study methodology of AD in Oriental Medicine. Methods : Using the Pub med on line site; search terms: atopic dermatitis, field as title/abstract, limitation as published in the last 3 years, only items with links to full text, Humans, Clinical Trial, English. I observed the study contents of all this research and focused on the classification of treatments. I also observed of AD clinical trials registered on a clinical trial site(www.clinicaltrial.gov) on 23rd of June, 2007: study contents, localization and study designs. Results : Through the Pub Med site, I found 169 articles. Classified according to study subject, the studies related to treatment were 114(67.5%); physiology, pathology and prevention 12(7.1%); Diagnosis and Evaluation(7.1%); psychological aspects including quality of life 10(5.9%); diet and management 10(5.9%); epidemiology 7(4.1%); and others 7(4.1%). However, the treatment study of herb-medicine as intervention showed only 1 article. Futhermore, it wasn't based on Oriental Medicine philosophy. In the clinical trial site, there were 31 studies in which patients were recruited or planned for the future. The study on efficacy and safety of the medicine produced 14 trials, 5 comparative trials, 2 phototherapy, 2 diagnosis, 6 physiology and pathology, and 2 epidemiology. The trial institutions were concentrated in U.S.A. Conclusion : I suggest we'd better try to make a good clinical guideline and standardization of diagnosis and herb-medicine in order to develop a clinical study methodology of AD as soon as possible in the future. Even though it 's very hard to find the study methodology, we should aim to achieve positive results and show the evidence of the efficacy and safety of herb-medicine treatment for AD using Oriental Medicine.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2016

Purpose: Patients with Parkinson's disease suffer many restrictions in daily life. This case report investigated how intervention with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)-based physical therapy can affect the activities of Parkinson's patients. Methods: The subject was a 67-year-old female patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease 3 years ago. Since the last five months, overall activities have become difficult for her, and she finally visited a hospital to take outpatient physical therapy because of the gait difficulties she suffered. The patient's medical history, system review, body structure and function, and activities were evaluated. The patient had difficulties in activities such as lying down, sitting, standing, maintaining a standing position, and walking. The PNF-based intervention was used for treating the impairments and improving the activities. The intervention was performed for 30 min a day, three times a week, for eight weeks. The qualifier of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health was used to measure the result, and the measurement was conducted before and after the intervention for eight weeks. Results: According to the result, the scores for maintaining a standing position, moving around within the home, and going to the toilet improved to "no problem" from "moderate problem." The scores for shifting the body's center of gravity, walking short distances, and washing oneself improved from "moderate problem" to "mild problem." The scores for sitting and standing improved to "no problem" and "mild problem" from "complete problem." The scores for preparing meals and doing housework improved from "severe problems" to "mild problem" or "moderate problem." The scores for walking long distances, moving around outside the home and other buildings, and using transportation did not show significant changes. Conclusion: Intervention with PNF-based physical therapy improved the activity of patients with Parkinson's disease, thus proving its effectiveness. The case report suggested that a therapist can use PNF as a physical therapy intervention for patients with Parkinson's who suffered restrictions in daily activities.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2017

Background: Proximal humerus fracture is considered to be the third most common fracture for patients aged 65 years or older. Conservative treatment has been known to treat most of humerus fracture. However, fractures with severe displacement or dislocation may require surgical treatment. Intramedullary fibular allograft with a locking plate is frequently used in patients accompanying medial metaphyseal disruption. In this study, author intends to evaluate clinical and imaging results based on patients who underwent surgical treatment using fibular allograft with a locking plate. Methods: This study is conducted prospectively at Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, targeting patients who previously underwent surgical treatment using open reduction and intramedullary fibular allograft with a locking plate between 2011 and 2015. A total of 26 patients were evaluated on the following: postoperational clinical assessment measuring Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Postoperational imaging assessments are evaluated via measuring the neck-shaft angle. The study subject were Neer classification type 3, 4 proximal humerus fracture cases with disrupted medial hinge and having cortical comminution in the region of the surgical neck. Results: The average period of progression was 22.5 months, and the average age of patients was 72.6 years. At the final follow-up, the average Constant, average ASES, and average DASH scores were 80.1, 78.5, and 20.6 respectively. The average neck-shaft angle was $127.5^{\circ}$. Conclusions: In conclusion, fibular allograft augmentation with a locking plate showed satisfying results in both clinical and imaging studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the current state of training in assistive technology(AT) for pediatric physical therapists(PPTs) and pediatric occupational therapists(POTs), in addition, investigate therapists' preferred training methods and contents. The eventual purpose was to suggest the essential fundamental factors to adapt the assistive technology in clinics. METHODS: The subject of this study were 167 therapists(98 PPTs and 69 POTs) who work at general hospitals, welfare center, facilities for the disabled, and special education school in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. Frequency analysis and Chi-squared test were used. RESULTS: Significant numbers of PPTs(66 therapists, 67.3%) and POTs(50 therapists, 72.5%) answered that they had received training in AT. More than 48% answered no training experience or low adequacy in each classification scheme for questions. The most difficulty in the training was indicated by lack of education opportunity(90 therapists, 53.9%). The most required device training was seating and position device training(43 therapists, 21.9%) for PPTs and orthosis and prosthesis device training(29 therapists, 21.0%) for POTs. In assistive technology service, PPTs needed evaluation to AT device training(69 therapists, 35.2%) and POTs needed evaluation to disabilities for AT training(41 therapists, 29.7%). Both therapists answered that the most effective training is continuous education(52 therapists, 31.1%) and college education(48 therapists, 28.7%). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that PPTs and POTs need more opportunities for training in AT. For effective clinical app lication of AT, there should be continuous education such as on-the-job training, mentoring program, technical manual, and college education.