• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.374-378
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• 2003

Aim : Several injectable materials have been used in the application of osteogenic bone substitute; however, nothing has won universal acceptance. This study was performed to investigate whether chitosan-alginate gel/MSCs/BMP-2 composites are potentially injectable materials for new bone formation. Material and Methods : The composites were injected into the subcutaneous space on the dorsum of the nude mouse to investigate whether new bone would be tissue engineered in the mouse. The composites were examined histologically over a 12-week period. Results : The composites implanted in the mouse were able to tissue engineer new bone, and the newly formed bone consisted of trabecular bone and calcified bone matrix. Conclusions : The present study shows that chitosan-alginate gel/MSCs/BMP-2 composites have the potential to become real injectable materials for new bone formation.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2007

Porous Ti compacts were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method and their in vitro and in vivo biocompatibilities were investigated. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity representing the activity of osteoblast was increased when osteoblast-like MG-63 cells were cultured on the Ti powder surface. Some genes related to cell growth were over-expressed through microarray analysis. The porous Ti compact with 32.2% of porosity was implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats to confirm in vivo cytotoxicity. 12 weeks post-operation, outer surface and inside the porous body was fully filled with fibrous tissue and the formation of new blood vessels were observed. No inflammatory response was confirmed. To investigate the osteoinduction, porous Ti compact was implanted in the femur of NZW rabbits for 4 months. Active in-growth of new bone from the surrounded compact bone was observed around the porous body. From the results, The porous Ti compacts fabricated by spark plasma sintering might be available for the application of the stem part of artificial hip joint.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.206-216
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• 2009

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (Statins) are potent inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. Cholesterol-lowering therapy using statins significantly reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. Various discovery of statins as bone anabolic agents has spurred a great deal of interest among both basic and clinical bone researchers. In-vitro and some animal studies suggest that statins increase the bone mass by enhancing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-mediated osteoblast expression. Clinical and animal test results of statins focusing on the prevention and treatment of bone fractures was collected. Three independent literature searches were performed by using from January 1, 2002 to September 2008 for clinical and animal test results. Search term included statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, pleiotropic effects, fracture, osteoporosis and clinical and animal test. No consensus has been reached whether clinical use of statins has beneficial effects on bone health, partly due to lower statin concentrations because of first-pass metabolism by the liver. Experimental use of statins as stimulators of bone formation suggests that they may have widespread applicability in the field of orthopaedics. With their combined effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, statins have the potential to enhance resorption of synthetic materials and improve bone ingrowth. In conclusion, The use of statins in the prevention and treatment of bone fractures requires further study. But observational studies suggest that statins for decreasing bone fractures including osteoporosis have to be considered local direct administration like transdermal or subcutaneous type over oral adminstration.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1126-1134
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• 2006

Human fungal infections are uncommon in normally healthy persons, being confined to conditions such as candidiasis (thrush) and dermatophyte skin infections such as athlete's foot. However, in the immunocompromised host, a variety of normally mild or nonpathogenic fungi can cause potentially fatal infections. Furthermore, the relativeease with which people can now visit 'exotic' countries provides the means for unusual fungal infections to be imported into this country. Mycoses appear in many different forms and areas. Fungal infections or mycoses are classified depending on the degree of tissue involvement and mode of entry into the host. These are Cutaneous, Subcutaneous, Systemic, and Opportunistic. Cutaneous mycoses specially appears symptoms on the skin. They are treated by amphotericinB, nystatin, grycelfulvin, micronazole and ketaconazole, etc, but these medicines are been careful about using, because most of them have serious side effects and toxicities. So, on the purpose of finding safe novel medicines, we have researched oriental medicines and search them to treat mycoses. In oriental medicines treating mycoses, we pay attention to orient applications that directly have an effect on disorder lesions. Oriental applications consists of various herbs and have a lot of forms, so we try to classify them as herbs and forms

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.404-413
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• 2019

Udenafil, which is a $PDE_5$ inhibitor, is used to treat erectile dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether udenafil induces hair growth via the stimulation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). In this study, we investigated whether udenafil stimulates ASCs and whether increased growth factor secretion from ASCs to facilitate hair growth. We found that subcutaneous injection of udenafiltreated ASCs accelerated telogen-to-anagen transition in vivo. We also observed that udenafil induced proliferation, migration and tube formation of ASCs. It also increased the secretion of growth factors from ASCs, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL12B, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and $NF{\kappa}B$. Furthermore, concomitant upregulation of IL-4 and IL12B mRNA levels was attenuated by ERK inhibitor or $NF{\kappa}B$ knockdown. Application of IL-4 or IL12B enhanced anagen induction in mice and increased hair follicle length in organ culture. The results indicated that udenafil stimulates ASC motility and increases paracrine growth factor, including cytokine signaling. Udenafil-stimulated secretion of cytokine from ASCs may promote hair growth via the ERK and $NF{\kappa}B$ pathways. Therefore, udenafil can be used as an ASC-preconditioning agent for hair growth.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.167-170
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• 2019

Full-thickness scalp burns secondary to hair coloring are rare; however, such defects can be large and complex reconstruction of hair-bearing tissue may be necessary. Many skin-stretching devices that use gradual traction have been applied to take advantage of the viscoelastic properties of the skin. A 21-year-old female patient was seen with a burn defect on her occipital scalp leading to exposed subcutaneous tissue after chemical application of hair coloring in a salon. The dimensions of the wound were $10cm{\times}5cm$, and a skin graft or flap would have been necessary to close the defect. Two long transfixing K-wires (1.4 mm) and paired 3-wire threads (23 gauge), which are readily available in most hospitals, were applied over a period of 12 days for trichophytic closure of the defect. The remaining scalp scars after primary trichophytic closure with this skin-stretching method were refined with hair follicle transplantation. This skin-stretching method is simple to apply and valuable for helping to close problematic areas of skin shortage that would otherwise require more complicated procedures. This case shows a relatively unknown complication of hair coloring and its treatment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.663-667
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• 2022

Finger dorsum defects are a challenging situation. Many reconstruction methods are used in these defects. Extended reverse dorsal metacarpal artery (RDMA) flap is used in dorsal finger reconstruction. Venous congestion in this flap is most important cause of flap failure. In this case, we presented a case in which we used heparin cream due to development of venous congestion in our patient who underwent an extended RDMA flap. A 24-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with a defect of dorsal of left-hand fourth finger. Defect was covered with an extended RDMA flap. On postoperative first day, venous congestion was observed, and heparin cream was applied three times a day on flap. The signs of venous congestion were regressed. Tissue healed as a result of superficial epidermolysis and skin grafting. No functional limitation was observed in sixth-month postoperative control. Venous congestion is the most important cause of flap failure of extended RDMA flaps. Generally, subcutaneous heparin administration and leech therapy are used. In our case, heparin was applied as a cream instead of subcutaneously, and flap healing was observed as a result of superficial epidermolysis. Heparin cream application can also be used as a treatment option in flaps with venous congestion.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2009

Purpose: Local skin necrosis after extravasation of adriamycin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, is a common problem in cancer patients. The extravasation of chemotherapeutic agents yields severe inflammatory responses, crust formation, skin necrosis, and ulceration. Even though several treatment options have been proposed for extravasation injury, there is still controversy regarding the management of such lesions. Thus the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of saline injection(Group 1), hydrocortisone injection(Group 2), propranolol injection(Group 3) and early surgical excision as a treatment(Group 4) in a rat extravasation model. Methods: The authors planned forty mature male Sprague - Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups and each group contained 10 rats. Administration of adriamycin($1.0mg/m{\ell}$) $1.5m{\ell}$ by subcutaneous injection on the dorsal side of the rats was followed by protocol. The treatment options were applied 2 hours after adriamycin injection. At the end of the 5th days, the presence and size of ulcers at the injection site were measured. 3 weeks after injection, a histopathologic examination was performed for each treatment and control group. T - tests were used to analyze the differences between the measurements. Results: Propranolol significantly improved tissue recovery compared with control group and other groups. These data suggest that there is little role for saline and hydrocortisone in the treatment of adriamycin extravasation injury. Conclusion: In this study, we compared some treatment methods in adriamycin extravasation model. The findings support the propranolol injection may prevent extravasation injury. However this study was performed in the laboratory using rats, and the results could be different in clinical application. Thus, more needs further investigations and clinical application.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2017

Here we investigated the central processing mechanisms of mechanical allodynia and found a direct excitatory link with low-threshold input to nociceptive neurons. Experiments were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230-280 g. Subcutaneous injection of interleukin 1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) ($1ng/10{\mu}L$) was used to produce mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Intracisternal administration of bicuculline, a gamma aminobutyric acid A ($GABA_A$) receptor antagonist, produced mechanical allodynia in the orofacial area under normal conditions. However, intracisternal administration of bicuculline (50 ng) produced a paradoxical anti-allodynic effect under inflammatory pain conditions. Pretreatment with resiniferatoxin (RTX), which depletes capsaicin receptor protein in primary afferent fibers, did not alter the paradoxical anti-allodynic effects produced by the intracisternal injection of bicuculline. Intracisternal injection of bumetanide, an Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC 1) inhibitor, reversed the $IL-1{\beta}$-induced mechanical allodynia. In the control group, application of GABA ($100{\mu}M$) or muscimol ($3{\mu}M$) led to membrane hyperpolarization in gramicidin perforated current clamp mode. However, in some neurons, application of GABA or muscimol led to membrane depolarization in the $IL-1{\beta}$-treated rats. These results suggest that some large myelinated $A{\beta}$ fibers gain access to the nociceptive system and elicit pain sensation via $GABA_A$ receptors under inflammatory pain conditions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1995

This study was conducted to compare the severity of cannulation pain in hemodialysis patients after topical application of EMLA cream and local injection of lidocaine and evaluated side effects and problems accompanied by the former. Twenty patients, who were on hemodialysis from September 1 to October 15, 1994 at the Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, were divided into two groups of ten. To conduct a cross over study, two groups were placed on four repeated methods with lidocaine followed by four repeated methods with EMLA cream and vice versa, respectively, while the severity of cannulation pain was being measured according to a Visual Analogue Scale with each methods. The results are follows : 1) The scale of pain was recorded as $4.56{\pm}1.38$ and $2.05{\pm}1.36$ points for methods with lidocaine and EMLA cream, respectively, indicating the less severe pain with EMLA cream. 2) Local side effects such as itching(4 cases, 5.0%)and pallor (5 cases, 6.3%)were observed with methods with EMLA cream but disappeared before the completion of hemodialysis. 3) Problems associated with local lidocaine were pain at the injection of anesthetic (27cases, 16.9%)and fear for needle insertion(6 cases, 3.8%). The most frequent problems with EMLA cream application were an inconvenience in use (11 cases, 6.9%)and tedious long pretreatment time(11 cases, 6.9%), those associated with inconvenience in cream applying procedures. 4) Twelve out of twenty patients(60.0%) responded with yes to a continued use of EMLA cream in spite of problems with cream application and economical difficulties in purchasing. These results indicate that 5% EMLA cream used as a local anesthetic in hemodialysis significantly reduces cannulation pain and lacks side effects, thus serving as a suitable method for the alleviation of cannulation pain and inconvenience in hemodialysis and the relief of psychological stress of nurses.