• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.990-998
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• 2019

Introduction: Stroke refers to a sudden brain disease that results in disorders in the anatomy of the brain. The cause is a sudden circulatory disorder of the cerebrovascular system that creates a consciousness disorder and hemiplegia. Despite aggressive treatment after the onset, stroke is a social problem because the patient has difficulty in recovering from sequelae that can include limb movement disorders, language disorders, and emotional disorders. In this study, we describe the effect of traditional Korean medicine treatment on the sequelae in a subacute cerebral infarction patient admitted to a Korean medical hospital. Case presentation: A 67-year-old male patient was diagnosed with cerebral infarction circa 2005, and his condition had not improved. Around March 15, 2018, he experienced the sudden onset of a cerebral infarction in his daily life. This was confirmed by a brain MRI, and he was hospitalized at other hospitals, but he showed no improvement. We conducted a manual muscle test (MMT) to evaluate the patient's exercise and strength. His gait level was measured to evaluate his degree of walking. He was treated with Bojungikgi-tang and acupuncture twice a day. After 34 days of inpatient treatment, the patient's exercise strength improved from Grade 2+~Grade 3 to Grade 3+ determined by the MMT, and his walking ability improved from Gait Level 3 to Gait Level 4. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that acupuncture and herbal medicine treatment can help treat patients with hemiplegia due to cerebral infarction.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1998년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.305-306
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• 1998

In this paper, we infer the onset of the brain infarction from the MR image using evaluate signal intensities on diffusion weighted and turbo spin echo T2-weighted and FLAIR images. Infarcts were divided into four stages (hyperacute, acute, subacute, chronic) depending on period of onset. DWI is useful for the detection of early ischemic infarct, and stages of ischemic infarctions can be estimated by evaluating CR(conspicuity ratio) and CNR(contrast to noise ratio) on DW, T2, FLAIR images Hyperacute infarcts were visualized DWI. Acute infarcts were visualialized both DWI and T2 Weighted image.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.413-415
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• 2007

A 26-year-old man was admitted to our department due to intermittent left hemiparesis for 3 months. Magnetic resonance Image showed subacute infarction in the right precentral gyrus. Digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance angiography revealed an aneurysmal protrusion at the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation. It was difficult to differentiate the aneurysm from the occlusion of the middle trunk of the MCA trifurcation. Brain single photon emission computerized tomography showed a decrease in perfusion in the right posterior frontal lobe without vascular reserve. Therefore, we planned a superficial temporal artery MCA anastomosis with an exploration of the right MCA bifurcation. Intraoperatively, the aneurysmal opacification on preoperative angiography proved to be the proximal stump of the occluded middle trunk of the MCA trifurcation. An aneurysmal protrusion at the MCA bifurcation does not always indicate an aneurysm. In diagnosing protruding vascular lesions at the MCA bifurcation, the possibility of a vascular stump should be considered according to their angioanatomical appearance and the history of the patient.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권5호
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• pp.1140-1145
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• 2023

대뇌 아밀로이드 혈관병증 관련 염증은 베타 아밀로이드가 혈관에 침착되어 혈관 주위의 급성 염증성 반응으로 발생하는 뇌병증이다. 이 질환은 주로 고령자에게서 발생하는 드문 질환으로, 급격히 진행하는 치매, 두통, 발작, 국소 신경학적 결손을 동반한 증상으로 나타나며 특징적인 뇌자기공명영상 소견을 보인다. 또한 스테로이드 또는 기타 면역억제요법에 반응하는 가역적인 질병이다. 대뇌 아밀로이드 혈관병증 관련 염증을 처음에는 아급성 경색으로 오진하였다가 추적 관찰 중 뇌 자기공명영상 소견을 분석하면서 대뇌 아밀로이드 혈관병증 관련 염증이 진단되었고, 자연 관해가 이뤄진 대뇌 아밀로이드 혈관병증 관련 염증 증례를 보고한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1998

Background and Purpose The increasing evidence for neurally mediated cardiac damage and sudden death has focused attention on the central autonomic control of cardiac function. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability(HRV) can detect autonomic consequences of stroke. We performed power spectral analysis of heart rate variability from 24-hour holter recording to identify cerebral hemispheric lateralization and gender effect in cardiac autonomic control. Methods Data were obtained from 24-hour holter recordings in 30 consecutive patients with hemispheric brain infarction in the subacute phase. We analysed the time domain and frequency domain measures of HRV and ST segment by hemispheric lateralization and Gender. Results ST segment was depressed in women compared with man. There was no statistically significant differences between right and left hemisphere stroke patients in any standard index of HRV and ST segment changes. Conclusions These data are partial consistent with evidence from the recent literature that two cerebral hemispheres and gender have a differential influence on the nature and severity of cardiac dysfunction. We think the prospective and definite study was necessary.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2013

목적: 뇌경색의 시기판단에 있어서 현성확산계수 지도의 부가적인 임상적 중요성을 다시 평가하기 위하여, 확산 강조영상과 현성확산계수 지도에서 뇌경색의 시간경과에 따른 변화 양상의 차이가 있는지 알고자 한다. 대상과 방법: 뇌경색 환자 127명의 199회 자기공명영상 검사를 대상으로 하였으며, 시간을 기준으로(117 검사), 날짜를 기준으로 (108 검사), 주수를 기준으로 (62 검사) 그룹을 나누었다. 확산 강조영상과 현성확산계수 지도에서 뇌경색의 중심부와 대측부위를 관심영역 0.3 $cm^2$ 이상으로 하여 신호 강도를 측정하여, 경색부위/대측정상부위의 비 (ratio)를 구하여 각 그룹에서 시간 경과에 따른 변화양상을 비교관찰하였다. 결과: 뇌경색은 발생 1시간 이내부터 영상에서 관찰되었으며, 확산강조영상에서 신호강도비는 12시간 이후에 2 이상으로 되어 6일까지 유지되다가 점차 감소하여 발생 30일경에 1로 감소 하였다. 현성확산계수비는 발생 24시간에 0.46 이었으며, 15일경에 1로 증가하였다. 뇌경색의 시간 경과에 따른 비의 곡선은 서로 역의 관계인 대칭적인 양상을 보였다. 결론: 확산강조영상과 현성확산계수 지도에서 뇌경색의 시간경과에 따른 변화양상은 역의 관계로서 현성확산계수 값은 확산강조영상으로부터 예측 가능하며, 현성확산계수 지도는 확산강조영상과 함께 판단하면 15-30일 사이의 아급성기 뇌경색의 진단에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2009

확산강조영상 (diffusion weighted image, DWI)은 급성 뇌경색, 뇌종양, 뇌백질 질환, 뇌 막질의 확산 정도 등 여러 뇌질환의 진단을 획기적으로 향상시켰으며 그 활용도가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 $10{\sim}60$대 환자들의 뇌를 대상으로 두 기법간의 신호강도, 현성확산계수의 평균치를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 확산강조영상에서의 신호강도 평균값은 편도체부 (amygdala)가 가장 높고, 뇌척수액(cerebrospinal fluid)에서 가장 낮았다. 현성확산계수의 평균값은 뇌척수액이 높고, 교뇌 (pons)가 낮게 측정되었다. 확산강조 신호강도와 현성확산계수의 평균값은 $T_2^*$-DW-EPI 기법이 FLAIR-DW-EPI 기법보다 높고, b-value의 변화에 따른 평균값은 두 기법의 b-value에 모두 반비례하였다. 또한 뇌경색환자의 뇌의 시간 경과에 따른 분석결과, 초급성뇌경색 환자의 일반적인 MR 영상에서는 병변부분이 명확하지 않았으나 확산강조영상에서는 고신호강도로 나타났다. 출혈성 뇌경색, 급성 뇌경색 등 여러질환별로 분석한 결과 그 두 기법의 특성에 따라 신호강도의 값이 차이가 클수록 현성확산계수는 낮게 나타났다. 결론적으로 뇌 질환이 자주 발생되는 부위와 뇌 질환의 확산강조 신호강도 및 현성확산계수 값은 b-value의 변환과 영상기법에 따라 각각 다르게 나타났다. 이러한 정량적인 결과를 바탕으로 보다 안정적인 기법과 적절한 b-value 값을 이용하여 검사를 한다면 여러 뇌의 질환 및 병변 등을 발견, 판독하는 것뿐만 아니라 정상부위나 질환에 따른 기법별 신호의 인지를 통한 정확한 질병 진단과 치료에 중요한 의미가 있다고 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1875-1885
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• 2021

Objective: Central nervous system involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been increasingly reported. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence of radiologically demonstrated neurologic complications and detailed neuroimaging findings associated with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed up to September 17, 2020, and studies evaluating neuroimaging findings of COVID-19 using brain CT or MRI were included. Several cohort-based outcomes, including the proportion of patients with abnormal neuroimaging findings related to COVID-19 were evaluated. The proportion of patients showing specific neuroimaging findings was also assessed. Subgroup analyses were also conducted focusing on critically ill COVID-19 patients and results from studies that used MRI as the only imaging modality. Results: A total of 1394 COVID-19 patients who underwent neuroimaging from 17 studies were included; among them, 3.4% of the patients demonstrated COVID-19-related neuroimaging findings. Olfactory bulb abnormalities were the most commonly observed (23.1%). The predominant cerebral neuroimaging finding was white matter abnormality (17.6%), followed by acute/subacute ischemic infarction (16.0%), and encephalopathy (13.0%). Significantly more critically ill patients had COVID-19-related neuroimaging findings than other patients (9.1% vs. 1.6%; p = 0.029). The type of imaging modality used did not significantly affect the proportion of COVID-19-related neuroimaging findings. Conclusion: Abnormal neuroimaging findings were occasionally observed in COVID-19 patients. Olfactory bulb abnormalities were the most commonly observed finding. Critically ill patients showed abnormal neuroimaging findings more frequently than the other patient groups. White matter abnormalities, ischemic infarctions, and encephalopathies were the common cerebral neuroimaging findings.