• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.395-399
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate shooting and fruiting characteristics of persimmon 'Hachiya' affected by sub-zero temperature at early budding stage. The number of developed shoots, and the number of shoots with young fruits, and the shooting and fruiting of terminal buds of one-year-old branch (1YOB) were significantly decreased with the sub-zero temperature treatment (SZT). The number of shoots developed in the top of 1YOB decreased 47.2% due to SZT. The number of shoots with fruits was significantly decreased at 50% or higher in non-budding rate of 1-YOB. Especially the number of fruits (Y) at the three terminal buds of 1YOB was significantly affected by SZT and the non-budding rate (X) as Y = -0.145X + 12.950 ($r^2=0.4672^*$). Therefore, in the early budding stage of persimmon, when tree is affected by SZT ($-2^{\circ}C$, 3 hours), shoots growth is reduced and increase of 10% in non-budding rate reduces 1.4 of fruits per the three terminal buds of 1YOB.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.308-313
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• 2002

Samples with the norminal composition, $Bi_{2-x}Au_xSr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta}$ (x = 0, 0.05. 0.1, 0.15) were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The superconducting properties, x-ray powder diffraction patterns, critical temperature and microstructure of surface were measured the samples. x-ray patterns show the single phase(2212) nature of the samples. But, the peaks of 2201 at $2\theta=30^{\circ}$ and Au peak at $2\theta=38.31^{\circ}$ are observed in the Au additive samples. The grain sire are enlarged with the increase of x. As the result of enlargement the grain size, the onset and offset critical temperature($T_c^{on}$,$T_c^{zero}$) increased with increase of x.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.221-224
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• 2013

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of $Mn^{2+}$ impurity ion in Stoichiometric $LiNbO_3$ single crystal (SLN) was investigated with an X-band EPR spectrometer in the temperature range of 3 K~296 K. The intensity of EPR spectrum of $Mn^{2+}$ ion was increased to 20 K and decreased again below 20 K as the temperature decreases. The zero-field splitting parameter D decreased as the temperature increases. It was suggested that $Mn^{2+}$ ion substitute for $Nb^{5+}$ ion instead of $Li^+$ ion. No changes for hyperfine interaction of $Mn^{2+}$ ion was obtained in the temperature range of 3 K~296 K.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.361-367
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• 2009

The criteria such as ASTM recommends that the zero reading process of CPT must be performed in the same temperature condition with underground in order to reduce the effect of temperature. However, this method can not consider the change of temperature occurred during penetration. In this study, ultra small size temperature sensor with 0.5mm in diameter is manufactured to estimate and compensate the effect of temperature by using FBG sensor. The continuous temperature changes are monitored during cone penetration by using FBG temperature sensor installed in cone penetrometer. The temperature compensated tip resistances show the uniform and similar distributions with depth in different with originally measured tip resistance in cohesive soil. This study verifies that the tip resistances measured by previous zero reading method are affected by the change of underground temperature, and suggests the new temperature compensation technique using by FBG temperature sensor.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2021

Time-temperature integrators (TTIs) based on aqueous enzyme solutions produce transparent colors which lead to difficulty in distinguishing its color change by naked eye. In this present study, this issue has been solved by increasing the opacity of laccase-based TTI without changes in the kinetics (same zero-order reaction) and temperature dependency (similar Arrhenius activation energy values) of the color change. The opacity was increased by introducing TiO₂, latex, BaSO₄, or ZnO, in combination with a hydrocolloid (xanthan gum, acacia gum, pectin, and CMC) into the TTI system. The combination of TiO₂ and xanthan gum was the best. This finding broadened the advantages of laccase-based TTI to more practical uses for consumer convenience.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2004

Cu$_{0.1}$Fe$_{0.9}$Cr$_2$S$_4$ has been studied with Mossbauer spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and magnetoresistance (MR) measurement. The crystal structure was determined to be a cubic spinel with lattice parameter a$_{0}$=9.9880 $\AA$. The MR measurements show a semiconductor behavior below 110 K and metal behaved above 100 K. The temperature dependence of magnetization of Cu$_{0.1}$Fe$_{0.9}$Cr$_2$S$_4$ was reported. In addition to a large irreversibility between the zero-field-cooling (ZFC) and the field-cooling (FC) magnetization at applied field H=100 Oe, a cusp-like anomaly was observed in both the FC and ZFC curves. It shifted toward the lower temperature region with increasing magnetic field, and then showed convex type maximum at 110 K, under the applied field of 5 kOe. The Mossbauer spectra were measured from 15 K to room temperature. The asymmetric line broadening was observed for the sample Cu$_{0.1}$Fe$_{0.9}$Cr$_2$S$_4$, and it was considered to be dynamic Jahn-Teller relaxation. The charge state of Fe ions was ferrous in character. The unusual reduction of magnetic hyperfine field below 110 K was interpreted in terms of cancellation effect between the mutually opposite orbital current field (H$_{L}$) and Fermi contact field (H$_{C}$).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.639-644
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• 1996

The $YBa_2Cu_{3-y}Ag_yO_{7-x}$ high-temperature superconductors were prepared by pyrophoric synthetic method from $Y_2O_3$, $BaCO_3$, CuO, and $AgNO_3$ powders. When we were partially substituted Ag for Cu in $YBa_3Cu_3O_{7-x}$, the superconducting properties of $YBa_2Cu_{3-y}Ag_yO_{7-x}$ were investigated with X-ray diffractometer, resisitivity measuring equipment, SEM, and Vickers Hardness. The Tc,zero of $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ was 91K, the density was $5.2g/cm^3$, and the hardness was $590kg/mm^2$. When Ag was substituted below y=0.15, electrical property of $YBa_2Cu_{3-y}Ag_yO_{7-x}$ did not change but microstructure, density, and hardness were enhanced.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2005

The crystallographic and magnetic properties of a series of substitutions in nickel ferrite where the Fe³⁺ is replaced with In³⁺ have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Information on the exact crystalline structure, lattice parameters, bond lengths and bond angles were obtained by refining their XRD profiles by a Rietveld method. All the crystal structures were found to be cubic with the space group Fd/3m. The lattice constants increased with In³⁺ concentration. The expansion of the tetrahedron was outstanding, indicative of the tetrahedral (A) site preference of larger indium ion. The Mossbauer spectra showed two sets of sextuplet originating from ferric ions occupying the tetrahedral sites and the octahedral (B) sites under the Neel temperature T_N. Regardless of the composition x, the electric quadrupole splitting was zero within the experimental error. At x = 0.2, the magnetic hyperfine fields increased slightly, which meant that the nonmagnetic indium ions occupied preferentially the A-site. At the same time, the intensity of the B-site sub-spectra decreased markedly at the elevated temperature, indicating that the occupation of the A site by indium induced a considerable perturbation on the B site.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.251-260
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• 1995

It has been reported that Co-based amorphous ferromagnetic alloys annealed in a small magnetic field develop a reproducible, asymmetric hysteresis loop. If the direction of the field during annealing is regarded as +, the magnetization reversal from - to + is smooth and reversible, with its slope determined by the demagnetizing field of the sample. This phenomenon is called the asymmetric magnetization reversal (AMR). The shape of the hyster-esis loop depends sensitively on the condition during the anneal and the alloy composition. Here, we report on the effect of the annealing temperature and time on AMR in a zero magnetostrictive ferromagnetic amorphous alloy. The AMR effect develops in a very short time at a reasonably high temperature, but is stabilized by annealing for a prolonged time.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.46-49
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• 2018

To improve in-field critical current densities ($J_c$) of $GdBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ (GdBCO) coated conductors(CCs) fabricated by the reactive co-evaporation by deposition and reaction (RCE-DR) process, employing the nominal composition of Gd:Ba:Cu=1:1:2.5, we tried to refine the $Gd_2O_3$ particles trapped in the GdBCO superconducting matrix. For this purpose, we carefully selected the processing conditions on the stability phase diagram of GdBCO for this composition. By lowering the growth temperature of $Gd_2O_3$ in the liquid, we could refine the average particle size of $Gd_2O_3$ particles trapped in the GdBCO matrix and also achieve the zero-resistive transition temperatures ($T_{c,zero}$) of 92.3~94.2 K. Unfortunately, however, it was unsuccessful to achieve enhanced in-field $J_c$ values from these samples because of an air-contamination of the amorphous precursor film before its conversion into crystalline GdBCO film, suggesting that any exposure of the amorphous precursor film to air is fatal in obtaining high performance GdBCO CCs via the RCE-DR process.