• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1081-1091
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• 2010

Clinical trials are often carried out as multi-center studies because the patients enrolled for a trial study are very limited in one particular hospital. In these circumstances, the use of an ordinary Jonckheere (1954) and Terpstra (1952) test for testing trend among several independent treatment groups is invalid. We propose a the stratified Jonckheere-Terpstra test based on van Elteren (1960)'s stratified test of Wilcoxon (1945) statistics and an application of our method is demonstrated through example data. A simulation study compares the efficiency of stratified and unstratified Jonckheere-Terpstra trend tests.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.105-120
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• 2010

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the effects of expiration-to-inspiration time ratio (E/I-ratio) on heart rate, which represents cardiac autonomic function, and cold-heat in the healthy people. Methods : 49 healthy young volunteers(male : female = 32 : 17) were recruited in the study. The participants completed the questionnaire for yin-yang pattern identification and then we measured the chest plethysmogram for respiration signal and the electrocardiogram for NN intervals during different E/I-ratio from 1 to 2. We compared heart rate variability including RMS-SD, VLF, LF and HF, and the trend-cycle factors decomposed from NN interval data by time series analysis among the respective E/I-ratio. We also confirmed the difference on the trend-cycle factors according to the score of the questionnaire for cold and heat pattern identification. Results : There were differences on the trend-cycle factors from NN interval data, but no significant difference on heart rate variability, among the respective E/I-ratio. We also found significant relationship between the trend-cycle factors and the heat pattern identification scores. Conclusions : The results indicate that cardiac autonomic function can be modulated by the E/I-ratio and the modulation will be slower and more tendencious than respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.345-349
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• 2007

In this study a fuzzy trend monitoring method for detecting the engine mechanical faults was proposed through analyzing performance trends of measurement data. The trend monitoring is an engine conditioning method which can find engine faults by monitoring important measuring parameters such as fuel flow, exhaust gas temperatures, rotational speeds, vibration. etc. Using engine condition data set as a input which generated by linear regression analysis of real engine instrument data, an application of fuzzy logic in diagnostics estimate a cause of fault in each components.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1827-1834
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• 2007

The purpose of research will establish the foundation to enhance the skills of Railway Color Design in the future by accurately analysing the Railway Color characteristics. The emotion and demnds of times influences trend of Railway Color Design, the contents of this research also reflects trend in society and culture. The research contains the history of Railway Design and advance research of Railway Color trend especially influenced by society and culture in the from the 1960's to the year 2005. The study is based on the concept of Railway Color Design. it analyzed the related current of society, culture and Railway Color. Collected Railway Color samples(Railway 46 images) were studied by using visual sensation. The Munsell Color System was used as references. This research analyzed railway introduced as railway models by top 4 nation (United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan) and Korea in the past years(1960-2005) for their Railway Color Design trend by Munsell Color System. Although the Railway industry has rapidly risen according to life style in society and culture, there has been a lack of organized data for Railway Color Planing. this research on the basis will offer the significant information for Railway Color Design.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

Recently major construction companies are building Housing Cultural Center instead of existing model house or housing gallery for accomplishing new marketing strategy. This Housing Cultural Center are different with existing model house or housing gallery on scale, spacial composition and operating program. And Background of differentiation is caused by change of housing market's environment, consumer's awareness level, service and marketing strategy. Because existing model house or housing gallery can not supply various consumer's needs and change of awareness level. Therefore, recent Housing Cultural Center is focused on cultural marketing for rapidly adjusting to new customer's need, including new customer acquisition and old customer retention. In accordance with this situation, it is very important to analyze out type and trend of Housing Cultural Center as facility for enlargement of cultural service and companies's social role for consumer. Therefore, the purpose of this study is an analysis about the trend of Housing Cultural Center as cultural space and a presentation of concept, function and direction when other construction companies build Housing Cultural Center hereafter.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2012

This study aims at finding the trend changes of spatial configuration in housing units of Korean apartments in the 2000s. Among the housing units in the apartments built by large construction companies, we have selected ones with small and regular sizes, $59m^2$ and $84m^2$ respectively, and investigated the number of bays, the location of wet zone and the spatial flexibility in the housing units selected for analysis. In conclusion, the number of bays in the housing unit has gradually increased, after allowing for the structural change of the balcony in the legal. It is estimated that the trend has came from the intent to increase the numbers of the externally exposed surfaces of the balcony, ensure a good view, lighting, ventilation and spatial flexibility. The location of wet zone, water-needed space such as a bathroom or a kitchen, has changed in the direction to facilitate the expansion and modification of space. Variable range of space has gradually expanded by using the balcony and wet zone as much as possible. In order to configure more effectively spaces in housing environments, the future study should be implemented to develop tools for realizing sustainable housing environment at the levels of not only the housing unit. but also the entire building, housing site, and city.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.836-847
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• 2008

Maximalism in modern fashion has emerged as an anti-conception against Minimaslism which dominated the trend of 21st century. Contrary to the traits of Minimalism which are oriented to constraint and editing, Maximalism expresses human sensitivity, concern to tradition and other culture, and instinctive desire for decoration. The trend of Maximalism is reflected in various areas of fashion and shoes design, and its influence is still enlarging. This idea for designing shoes come from analyzing the related documentaries, fashion magazines and internet sites since 2005, when the maximalism was main concepts in worldwide fashion trends. The traits of Maxmalistic trend expressed in shoes are decentralizing, pluralisml, sensitivity, etc. The molding constituents, such as form, material, color, accessary decoration, have been expressed as diversified and differentiated traits of shoes design through molding modes such as exaggeration and concentration, distortion and modification, removal and mixing-up. This study takes advantage of this opportunity to grasp the diversified and colorful trend and molding traits of Maximalim expressed in shoes design, close up the molding value of shoes design, and finally enlarge the realm of aesthetic expression of shoes design.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2016

This study developed synthetic regression diagram for analyzing the linear trend of sea surface height, temperature, and salinity around the Korean marginal seas. In situ observed data had been quality controlled and they were verified by EOF comparison with objective analyzed data. From the synthetic regression diagram, we confirmed similar linear regression values with those of previous studies, but additionally provided detailed regression rate of each 5 to 30 year for the total periods of 1983-2013. We expect that quantitative results presented by this study will be useful as standard reference numbers for relevant studies analyzing oceanic long-term trend.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.653-662
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• 2009

The past Romanticism, which emphasized loveful, womanish property, has changed into new-concept Romanticism as it was harmonized with various emotional cultures and trends in the 21st century. New-concept romanticism is found in various fields ranging from personality, diversity and discrimination to emotion. It is appearing as a new style searching for taste as it is mixed and matched with other fields. In fashion, Romanticism and mix-and-match trend provide womanish feeling through the match with romantic chiffon, high-waisted pants and cashmere cardigan and show modern emotion through vest and short blazer. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the method to analyze and express fashion emotion style on the basis of mix-and-match trend of Romanticism. The purpose of this study is to analyze how Romanticism is expressed in the mix and match with other emotional style, predict direction of Romanticism style and establish the ground to find changing fashion trend accurately. The researcher expects that design development will be focused on the fashion, which is more various and characteristic and search for convenient, healthy life, on the basis of the analysis on mix and match shown in Romanticism fashion of the study. The researcher tried to provide the base of design development and assist design activation by using mix and match, which can create various new styles, accurately and understanding and predicting the fashion trend of the 21st century.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.153-168
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• 2002

Korea's marine products trade is taking for phase that income exceeds export after 2000. According to external environment change of Korea and Japan fishery agreement and an import liberalization of marine products, import of live fish and fresh fish is increasing rapidly. This study investigates import view of Japan live fish and fresh fish. Live fish which is imported from Japan has red seabream and seabass, but it is in declining tendency because of the increase in import of cheaper croaker from the China. If see importer's trend, entry to import business of fresh fish is eased a little. If a circulation trend is seen, However, it is thought that a future import trend is influenced by economic trends of Japan and the grade of place-of-production development of a domestic trader. Circulation market outside is common and the district wholesale store has played the important role. The import view of Japanese live fish and a fresh fish will increase against the background of maintenance of domestic circulation organization, and upgrading of marine product consumption However, it is thought that a future import trend is influenced by economic trends of Japan and the grade of place-of-production development of a domestic trader.