• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7143-7147
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• 2013

Background: The survival outcomes for women presenting with early breast cancer are influenced by treatment decisions. In Malaysia, survival outcome is generally poor due to late presentation. Of those who present early, many refuse treatment for complementary therapy. Objective: This study aimed to explore the decision making experiences of women with early breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study using individual in-depth interviews was conducted to capture the decision making process of women with early breast cancer in Malaysia. We used purposive sampling to recruit women yet to undergo surgical treatment. A total of eight participants consented and were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. These women were recruited from a period of one week after they were informed of their diagnoses. A topic guide, based on the Ottawa decision support framework (ODSF), was used to facilitate the interviews, which were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach. Results: We identified four phases in the decision-making process of women with early breast cancer: discovery (pre-diagnosis); confirmatory ('receiving bad news'); deliberation; and decision (making a decision). These phases ranged from when women first discovered abnormalities in their breasts to them making final surgical treatment decisions. Information was vital in guiding these women. Support from family members, friends, healthcare professionals as well as survivors also has an influencing role. However, the final say on treatment decision was from themselves. Conclusions: The treatment decision for women with early breast cancer in Malaysia is a result of information they gather on their decision making journey. This journey starts with diagnosis. The women's spouses, friends, family members and healthcare professionals play different roles as information providers and supporters at different stages of treatment decisions. However, the final treatment decision is influenced mainly by women's own experiences, knowledge and understanding.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2020

이 연구는 공공 행정에서 서비스 전달 조직과 절차를 관리하고 재정을 지원하는 공공부문 사례관리 사업 중 방문건강관리 사업 실무자를 대상으로 타 사례관리 사업과의 연계협력 업무에 대한 경험을 파악하기 위해 실시하였다. 광역시와 시군 소재 보건소 방문건강관리사업 담당자 3명을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하였고, 자료 수집을 위해 사용한 인터뷰 질문들은 사전에 연구진간 논의를 거쳐 도출한 반구조화 질문지를 활용하였다. 연구 참여자들은 방문건강관리 업무를 수행하면서 경험한 연계협력의 성공과 실패 요인들을 심층적으로 기술하였다. 인터뷰 내용은 질적으로 분석되어 3개의 주제, 9개의 하위주제가 도출되었다. 연구결과, 공공부문 사례관리 사업 간 연계협력 업무안내서는 연계협력을 수행하는 데 있어 긍정적 성과요인이었지만, 방문건강관리 전문 인력의 불안정한 고용문제와 통합시스템의 부재는 연계협력의 장애요인이었으며, 성공적인 연계협력을 위해서는 인적 인프라 강화, 기능적 시스템 개선, 조직적 차원의 방안 마련 등 다각적인 접근이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 명확한 연계협력 표준 및 절차 수립, 방문간호 전문인력의 처우 개선, 사례관리 통합정보시스템 개발을 제안한다. 또한, 지역 간 편차가 큰 방문건강관리 사업의 특성을 고려하여 다양한 지역을 대상으로 한 추후 연구가 필요함을 제안한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.402-411
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The role of a school's nutrition environment in explaining students' eating behaviors and weight status has not been examined in an Asian setting. The purpose of this study was to create a school nutrition environment index and to pilot test the index in elementary and middle schools in urban South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used a mixed-methods approach. Environment assessment tools were developed based on formative research, which comprised literature reviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Key elements from the formative research were included in the assessment tool, which consisted of a structured survey questionnaire for school dietitians. Fifteen school dietitians from 7 elementary and 8 middle schools in Seoul completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: The formative research revealed four main sections that guided a summary index to assess a school's nutrition environment: resource availability, education and programs, dietitians' perceptions and characteristics, and school lunch menu. Based on the literature reviews and interviews, an index scoring system was developed. The total possible score from the combined four index sections was 40 points. From the 15 schools participating in the pilot survey, the mean school nutrition-environment index was 22.5 (standard deviation ${\pm}3.2$; range 17-28). The majority of the schools did not offer classroom-based nutrition education or nutrition counseling for students and parents. The popular modes of nutrition education were school websites, posters, and newsletters. CONCLUSIONS: This paper illustrates the process used to develop an instrument to assess a school's nutrition environment. Moreover, it presents the steps used to develop a scoring system for creation of a school nutrition environment index. As pilot testing indicated the total index score has some variation across schools, we suggest applying this instrument in future studies involving a larger number of schools. Future studies with larger samples will allow investigation of the validity and reliability of this newly developed tool.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2009

이 연구는 미셀 푸코(Mchel Foucault)가 제레미 벤담(Jeremy Bentham)의 파놉티콘(Panopticon)을 시선의 권력관점으로 해석한 것을 통해 현대 미디어에서 나타나는 특징과 비교하여, 상호간의 의미를 현대의 시선적 권력 관계로 해석하였다. 미디어를 통해 소통하는 현대인들이 어떠한 권력관계 속에 놓여 있으며, 그것이 파놉티콘의 시선의 권력과 정보소비의 관점에서 어떠한 차이를 보이게 되는지도 분석하였다. 파놉티콘은 일망 감시 즉, 시선의 일방향성을 전제한다. 하지만 현대의 미디어는 정보통신기술을 기반으로 쌍방향성이 가능해 졌다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 정보통신 기술을 바탕으로 한 현대적 일망감시와 다망감시 체계를 비교, 연구하고자 하였다. 인터넷, 휴대폰, 스마트카드(smart card) 등의 다양한 미디어의 발전은 근대 이후로 구조화된 일망감시의 체계를 다망감시체계로 변화시켜 놓았다. 미디어와의 관계에서 나타나는 '시선-권력'은 상호 수용의 문제, 정보의 구성에 따른 다양한 권력성, 그리고 소비 권력을 논할 수 있게 해준다. 특히 현대 미디어가 제공하는 형식은 일망적 일방향성만을 전제한다기보다는 다망의 관계 속에서 상호소통의 복잡성을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 현대 미디어가 제공하는 소통의 문제를 다망의 관계로 접근하는 것도 시선의 권력관계를 정보 소통의 차원에서 접근하였다. 시선은 바라봄의 권력을 결정한다고 말할 수 있을 것이다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2019

Purpose - This study is to clarify the structural relationship between the direct supervisor and organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior through mediation of the Leader-member exchange (LMX) in the hospital organization, and to confirm the mediating effect of the LMX. Through this study, we will provide basic data on the aspects of HR to enhance organizational immersion and organizational civic behavior in hospital organizations, and present suggestions on academic contribution and effective organizational operation measures. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is to investigate the relationship between authentic leadership and OC and OCB of the organization member, which is proposed to secure more active and high competitiveness in the recent changing medical environment, with multi-regression and B&K(1986) method. For this purpose, 653 employees of senior hospitals in Seoul and Kyeong-In area were surveyed using structured questionnaires. Each questionnaire was composed of 7-point scale, and each hypothesis was testified by multiple leaner regression and by BK method for testifying mediator effect. Result - As a result of the analysis, it was found that the male and non-medical staff had higher recognition level than the medical staff in the LMX, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. In the senior management or more than 5 years' experience group, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior were recognized higher than the group of subordinate managers. Second, authentic leadership has a positive influence on LMX, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior, and LMX has a significant positive impact on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, as a result of analyzing LMX mediating effect in the relationship of authentic leadership and organizational effectiveness by BK method, LMX had partial mediating effects between authentic leadership and organizational citizenship behavior, and between authentic leadership and organizational commitment. Conclusion - Results of the study confirmed that all the members of the hospital organization that were lacking served as positive factors for the relationships of authentic leadership and LMX, and authentic leadership and organizational effectiveness. It is expected that the hospital organization will be able to suggest such as the organizational approach to expect high organizational effectiveness centering on authentic leadership ability as psychological capital.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.271-286
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• 2000

This study is designed to investigate what elders think about the meaning of aging. We have used Q-methods to identify meaning of aging from elders, and developed self-referenced surveys to analyze characteristics In this study, we used a non-structured method to select Q sampling. From 183 Q populations, we selected 36 Q sampling. A total of 32 persons sixty-years or older were randomly selected for P samples, When the Q-sorting was complete, we interviewed the participants at both end of the extremes(agree or disagree), and documented their responses. We used PC QUANL to process the data and used principal component analysis for Q factor analysis. There were five subjective types for the meaning of aging by elders. Of the 32 P-samples of elders, 11 were identified as Type 1, 7 as Type 2, 2 as Type 3, 8 as Type 4, and 4 as Type 5. Type 1 : 'Matured elders' Elders wished the well being of their children, thought older persons should maintain good health, worried about becoming senile, and dependent God believing in life after death. Type 2 : 'Assertive-Rights' Elders categorized as Assertive-Rights insisted on their rights to life as a person. Type 2 elders characterized themselves as people who should keep themselves healthy, become weak and lack sexual desires, act selfish like a child, need to be protected, and be financially independent. Type 3 : 'Passive-Dependents' Elders characterize themselves as those who pray for their children's well being, worry about the children even after their death. and becoming senile. Type 4 : 'Hopeless' The 'Hopeless' type of elders characterized aging as a time to pray for their children, insignificant beings, thoughts were selfish and child-like, poor, worried about going senile, regret their life overall, and preferred to die than to live as an old person. Type 5 : 'Attached-Present' The 'Attached-Present' type of elders thought elderly characterized themselves as acting selfish and child-like, wiser, anxious, regret their life, stand aloof of greed and worldly things, being a model for the society, and deserving to be treated with filial respect. Thus far, Korean elders seemed to have a positive and negative meaning of aging due to the current changes in the society, value system, and family structures. The above five subjective meanings of aging confirm that we need to approach and nurse the elderly differently. Years of aging are a part of and a natural process of life with various physical, psychological, and sociological changes. Nurses need to assist elderly to find the positive meaning of their life by providing appropriate physical, psychological, and social support at an earlier stage in nursing. Based on this study, we could derive the following two implication from the perspectives of science of nursing to care for elders. 1) Based on the studies investigating the type of meaning of aging, we could develop tools to assist in nursing intervention programs for elderly. 2) Based on research on the meaning of aging for different developmental stages of life, we could develop a model for roles for different family members in nursing and caring for the elders.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.334-345
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• 2011

이 연구의 목적은 학교 현장에서 문제중심학습을 적용할 수 있는 초등 교사들의 교수 실행의 능력과 교육 환경을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 참가자들은 초등학교 수준에서 문제중심학습을 강의하는 강사로 활동중이었다. 초등학교 교사 3인이 연구에 참여하였으며, 자료는 반구조화된 면담을 통해 획득되었다. 문제중심학습과 관련된 교사들의 면담은 두 가지 주요 주제로 나누어 분석되었다. (1) 문제중심학습에서 요구되는 교사들의 교수 실행의 능력 (2) 문제중심학습을 적용할 수 있는 교육 환경. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문제중심학습은 전통적인 교수학습 방법보다 수업 준비와 교수 과정에 어려움이 있었다. 그러나 문제중심학습에서 교사들은 자율적이고 허용적인 학습 분위기 속에서 학생들이 자기 주도적인 학습을 할 수 있도록 안내하는 도우미로서 행동한다는 점에서, 학생들은 잠재능력을 효과적으로 계발할 수 있는 동기를 부여받는다. 이를 위하여 교사는 문제중심학습 전체에서 효과적인 학습 활동이 이루어질 수 있도록 끊임없는 노력과 시간을 투자해야 한다. 둘째, 문제중심학습을 적용할 수 있는 교육적 환경을 위하여, 교사들은 동료교사, 학생, 학부모, 교육 행정가들의 문제중심학습에 대한 인식의 확산과 교사들의 커뮤니티 형성해야 한다. 문제중심 학습의 확산을 위해 가장 중요한 것은 교사들이 직접적으로 교수 활동에 문제중심학습을 적용해 보는 것이다. 문제중심 학습을 하면 학생들의 변화가 나타날 것이고, 이러한 효과를 경험한 교사는 교수학습과정에 문제중심학습을 채택하게 될 것이다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제35권
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• pp.319-344
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• 1998

본 연구의 목적은 청소년 비행과 관련된 요인과 그 과정을 생태체계적 관점에서 분석하여 실제 프로그램에 대한 함의를 얻는 것이다. 본 연구는 일반지역과 저소득층 밀집지역을 비교함으로써 비행화 요인 및 그 과점에 대한 정보를 얻고자 하였다. 목적표본추출방식에 의거 두 유형의 세 지역에서 여섯 학교를 선정한 후 1,116명의 표본을 대상으로 구조화된 조사도구를 가지고 설문조사를 하였다. 조사도구는 예비조사를 통해 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증을 거친 후, 최종적으로 '개인요인,' '가족요인,' '친구요인,' '학교요인,' 그리고 '비행요인' 등 총 130문항으로 구성된 것이었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Windows 7.0을 통해 분석되었다. 기본적인 분석을 통해서는 두 집단간의 비행정도에 있어서의 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 그러나 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 두 집단간에 독립변인과 종속변인과의 상관관계 유형에 있어서 차이가 있음이 발견되었다. 이는 "비행"이라는 '결과'는 모두 같은 것일 수 있으나, "비행화"라는 '과정'은 모두 같지 않을 수도 있음을 의미하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 '과정'에 있어서의 차이는 회귀모형을 이용한 경로분석을 통해 보다 구체적으로 밝혀졌다. 그 결과, 전체적으로 보았을 경우 비행화에 가장 큰 효과를 미치는 것은 '친구변인'인 것으로 밝혀졌으나, 일반지역의 경우에는 '학교요인'이 그리고 저소득층밀집지역의 경우에는 '가족요인'이 비행화에 가장 큰 효과를 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 청소년 비행에 대하여 보편적 접근이 아닌 통합적이되 차별적인 접근이 미루어져야 함을 시사하는 것이다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.977-990
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• 2010

Today, as individuals show their social identities and reflect their being as the members of society with a culture, an art style and communication function are stood out in fashion photographs. Accordingly, the meanings of images into text are expanded in its interpretative width through the acceptor's various terms. This researcher looked into four theories of both positions on the textuality of language and image, and considered the point of discussion on image of each theory through modern fashion photographs. First, the theory which divides language and image as auditory and visual recognitions in the textuality of language and image is limited from the view it focuses on only one side without considering the ambivalent elements of each field. For the textuality in modern fashion photographs, the observer attempts to turn it into text to give meaning to it as the recognition through five senses conforming to the acceptor's condition. Second, the theory dividing language and image into the text of time properties and spacial properties has limitation in the text, for acceptor's experience of the object appears as the structured form in time and space rather than being defined as two things like time and space. Third, the theory classifying the language and image text into conventional taste and natural taste has limitation from the view that image text is hardly an object of consistent classification in ease of recognition by the code accepted in society. Thus, this can't be fundamental approach for the understanding of the text of decoding trend represented in modern fashion photographs. Fourth, accordingly, this researcher focussed on contextual and arbitrary text of fashion photographs through the theory of Nelson Goodman which discusses image text through the differences in textuality. Basic mechanism of perceiving and recognizing and distinguish image is closely related to habit and custom like language. So, each acceptor perceives the image as a text through arbitrary interpretation obtained by individual, empirical, historical, and educational viewpoints. The textuality of modern fashion photographs aims to widen the range of diverse knowledge and understanding, transcending the regulations of simple function of existing fashion photographs. Consequently, this researcher puts forward the opinion of consistent and diverse follow-up studies on instilling meaning into fashion photographs for the understanding de-regulatory and de-constructive through various senses by avoiding only one sense-dependent fixed and regulatory properties of it.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.80-92
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• 2015

건설현장 주변지역 주민의 호흡기 증상과 질환 유병률은 대조지역에 비해 높았다. 양적인 결과는 지역의 노출과 질환 상황에 대한 질적인 탐색에 의해 뒷받침되었다. 이는 건설현장 주변 분진이 지역 주민들의 호흡기 관련 증상 및 질환에 영향이 미쳤을 가능성을 시사하는 것이다. 향후 본 연구의 탐색적 결과를 토대로 알레르기 및 호흡기 질환에 대한 추가 조사가 필요하며, 미세먼지 저감 등 환경관리 노력이 강화되어야 할 것이다.