• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.59-75
• /
• 2012

This study aims to find whether the solutions for well-structured problems learned in school can be transferred to the moderately-structured problem and ill-structured problem. For these purpose, research questions were set up as follows: First, what are the patterns of changes in strategies used in solving the mathematics problems with different level of structuredness? Second, From the group using and not using proportion algorithm strategy in solving moderately-structured problem and ill-structured problem, what features were observed when they were solving that problems? Followings are the findings from this study. First, for the lower level of structuredness, the frequency of using multiplicative strategy was increased and frequency of proportion algorithm strategy use was decreased. Second, the students who used multiplicative strategies and proportion algorithm strategies to solve structured and ill-structured problems exhibited qualitative differences in the degree of understanding concept of ratio and proportion. This study has an important meaning in that it provided new direction for transfer and analogical problem solving study in mathematics education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 1984

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the structured preoperative teaching on post-operative recovery and to observe the effects of an structured preoperative teaching on the adult surgical patient's ventilatory function ability, the length of hospital stay, the number of analgesics within a 72 hour postoperative period, the length of early ambulation. The research question investigated in this study was: What would be the effects of a structured preoperative teaching upon the adult surgical patients postoperative recovery? This study was based on a sample of 40 patients who were scheduled for abdominal surgery. They were asssigned alternately to experimental and control group. Among 40 subjects, 20 were placed in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. Preoperative ventilation function testing of control and experimental subjects was done the evening before surgery and before the patient received the structured preoperative teaching. A structured preoperative teaching was given to the subjects in the exporimental group only by writer. Postoperative testing was done the 5th postoperative day. The data were collected over a period of two months, from Aug. 8 to Oct. 31, 1983. For the analysis of the data and test for the hypotheses, the t-test with mean difference was used. The results of this study regarding the four-hypotheses were as follows: 1. Experimental group which received structured preoperative eaching will have more increase to-cough and deep breathe as measured byhis forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1), maximal voluntary volume 15 (MVV 15) than control group without structured preoperative teaching. The ventilation function ability was more increase in experimental group than in control group, the mean difference was statistically significant at 0.01 level. Hypotheses 1 was supported. 2. Experimental group with structured preoperative teaching will have more reduced the length of hospital stay than control group without structured preoperative teaching. The length of hospital stay of the experimental group and control group were 11.90 days and 16.05 days respectively. However, the difference was. not statistically significant at .05 level. Therefore the hypothese 2 was not supported. 3. Experimental group with structured preoperative teaching will have more reduce the number of analgesics within a 72 hour postoperative period than control group. The number of analgesics within a 72 hour' postoperative period of experimental group and control group were 1.65 times and 2.4 times. The difference was not statically significant at .05 level. Therefore, the hypotheses 3 was not supported. 4. Experimental group with structured preoperative. teaching will have more reduce the length of early ambulation than control group without structured preoperative teaching. The length of early ambulation of experimental group and control group were 2.2 days and 3.5 days respectively The difference was statistically signficant at 0.05 level. Thus the hypothess 4 was supported.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.12
• /
• pp.122-130
• /
• 2010

This paper presents an active ranging system based on laser structured-light image. The structured-light image processing is computationally efficient in comparison with the conventional stereo image processing, since the burdensome correspondence problem is avoidable. In order to achieve robustness against environmental illumination noise, an efficient image processing algorithm, i.e., integration of difference images with structured-light modulation is proposed. Distance equation from the measured structured light pixel distance and system parameter calibration are addressed in this paper. Experiments and analysis are carried out to verify performance of the proposed ranging system.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.145-148
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we proposed a search method for structured light pixels of omnidirectional structured light image. Since the omnidirectional structured light image is composed of several circular arc segments, the proposed algorithm searches the structured light pixels in radial direction rather than horizontal or vertical directions. The proposed search algorithm is based on the well-known Bresenham raster algorithm for line drawing in discrete integer space, thereby computation of the algorithm is very efficient. Comparison results between the proposed search algorithm and the conventional horizontal search are presented in experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 1990

Structured modeling provides a formal mathematical framework, language, and computer-based environment for conceiving, representing, and manipulating a wide variety of model. It provides a natural framework for integrated modeling owing to its explicit representation power for computational dependencies among submodles. Nevertheless, it doesn't seem to offer a systematic way of composing a structured model from submodels. In order to develop a systematic way, this paper discusses three key issues : (1) Genus structure for model composition, (2) Storage of structured models, and (3) Integration of structured models. To formalize and visualize the approach, a programming module is developed to implemented the step-by-step integration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.07a
• /
• pp.139-140
• /
• 2005

The photocurrent characteristics of CdTe/HgTe/CdTe structured nanoparticles are studied. CdTe/HgTe/CdTe multilayer structured nanoparticles were synthesized by colloidal method. CdTe/HgTe/CdTe multilayer structured nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), absorbance and photoluminescence(PL). PL spectrum of CdTe/HgTe/CdTe multilayer structured nanoparticles exhibits a strong exciton bond in the near infrared range. The I-V curves and photoresponses revealed that CdTe/HgTe/CdTe multilayer structured nanoparticles are very prospective materials for the photodetectors.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2011

Structured P2P (peer-to-peer) networks have received much attention in research communities and the industry. The data stored in structured P2P networks can be located in a log-scale time without using central severs. The link-structure of structured P2P networks should be maintained for keeping log-scale search performance of it. When nodes join or leave structured P2P networks frequently, some links become unavailable and search performance is degraded by these links. To sustain search performance of structured P2P networks, periodic link recovery scheme is generally used. However, when the link recovery period is short or long compared with node join and leave rates, it is possible that sufficient number of links are not restored or excessive messages are used after the link-structure is restored. We propose the adaptive link recovery determination algorithm to maintain the link-structure of structured P2P networks when the rates of node joining and leaving are changed dynamically. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can maintain similar QoS under various node leaving rates.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.88-98
• /
• 1977

This study was designed to identify a more effective method of nursing interview in gathering informations by comparing the two, the structured and unstructured methods. May through October, 1976, 40patients on psychiatric wards of Korea University Hospital and National Mental Hospital, Seoul, were sampled and interviewed on their admission/within one week of admission. Both methods were used simultaneously by different interviewers ; 48 hour interval were kept between the two approaches of interview. Contents of informations gathered were grouped according to the criteria developed by the researcher, frequency, percentile score and the means were scored, and the two methods were compared; the amount of information gathered, number of questions used, time spent and the general response towards the methodologies. Results of the study are summarized as follows ; 1. 1. 5 times as many informations were gathered through the structured interview. (1366 ; 849) 2. 68.32% of informations gathered through the unstructured interview and 42.46% of the structured interview revealed to be overlapping; through structured interview, more unique informations (57.54%) were gathered. 3. The average of 33.25 minutes were consumed for the structured interview while 95, 50 minutes for the unstructured. Much higher time consumption is revealed in the unstructured. 4. Majority of patients showed positive response towards both approaches of interview (90% each), however, interviewers responded to experience of certain degree of tension (stress) in the unstructured method (35%) 5. The average of 0.88 question were used to gather one information in the structured while 1.87questions for the unstructctured were used. 6. The average of 0.97 minutes were consumed to gather one information in the structured while 4.50minutes for the unstructured. 7. The average of 1.11 minutes were consumed for one question for the structured while 2.41 minutes for the unstructured. The results of the study revealed that the structured interview were more effective in gathering informations; a larger quantity of informations were gathered in shorter time. Recommendations for further in investigations are as follows ; 1. Comparative analysis of informations gathered through the two methods by experienced professional nurse- interviewers is recommended. 2. Comparative analysis of the quality of informations is recommended. 3. Comparative analysis of the interviewing process (interactions) in relation to the characteristics of patients'health problems is recommended.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 2013

While structured packing modules are known to be efficient for surface wetting and gas-liquid exchange in abiotic surface catalysis, this model study explores structured packing as a growth surface for catalytic biofilms. Microbial biofilms have been proposed as selfimmobilized and self-regenerating catalysts for the production of chemicals. A concern is that the complex and dynamic nature of biofilms may cause fluctuations in their catalytic performance over time or may affect process reproducibility. An aerated continuous trickle-bed biofilm reactor system was designed with a 3 L structured packing, liquid recycling and pH control. Pseudomonas diminuta established a biofilm on the stainless steel structured packing with a specific surface area of 500 $m^2m^{-3}$ and catalyzed the oxidation of ethylene glycol to glycolic acid for over two months of continuous operation. A steady-state productivity of up to 1.6 $gl^{-1}h^{-1}$ was achieved at a dilution rate of 0.33 $h^{-1}$. Process reproducibility between three independent runs was excellent, despite process interruptions and activity variations in cultures grown from biofilm effluent cells. The results demonstrate the robustness of a catalytic biofilm on structured packing, despite its dynamic nature. Implementation is recommended for whole-cell processes that require efficient gas-liquid exchange, catalyst retention for continuous operation, or improved catalyst stability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.15-18
• /
• 2008

This paper proposes a method to reconstruct the 3-D face using structured light image. First of all, we suppose that each sight vector of a projector and camera are parallel. We project the structured light in the shape of lattice on the background to acquire the reference-structured light image. This image is used to calibrate the projector and camera. Since then, we acquire the face-structured light image which is projected the same structured light on the face. These two structured light images are used to reconstruct the 3-D face through the variation which is measured from the positional difference of feature vectors. In our experiment result, we could reconstruct the 3-D face image as recognize through these simple devices.