• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-30
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• 1988

Soft-tissue expansion is a new surgical technique of providing donor tissue in modern reconstructive surgery. This technique provides a quantity of tissue of similar color, texture, and hair-bearing qualities for reconstruction of adjacent defects. It is known that the expanded skin shows several constant histologic changes including the increase in collagen fibers and vascularity within dermis, and thinning of subcutaneous tissue and dermis. In this study, the author observed serial histologic changes of rabbit skin induced by progressive tissue expansion upto excessive expansion of 6 times. The results are as follows : 1. Changes in the thickness of the epidermis was minimal until 3 times of expansion, but slight thinning was observed at excessive expansion state. 2. The thickness of the dermis was progressively decreased, and collagen fibers in the dermis was rapidly increased in early phase of expansion. 3. The vascularity in the dermis was also progressively increased. 4. The skin appendages showed no structural changes even in excessive expansion. 5. The panniculus carnosus showed no atrophic changes and the thickness was maintained in excessive expansion.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2012

Fresh oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) were gamma-irradiated at 0, 1, 2, and 3 kGy. The effects on various quality attributes were determined during storage at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Color changes were more prominent in the cap region than the stem part. At the start of storage increase of Hunter's L-value (lightness) was observed in the caps of 2 and 3 kGy-irradiated samples. The L-value was higher in the all irradiated samples during storage. The trend was different in the case of stem region, where L-value decreased upon irradiation, but remained high throughout storage. The ${\alpha}$-value declined, whereas the b-value increased following irradiation. Irradiation showed a dose-dependent effect on the firmness, which was clearer during storage, but the samples irradiated at 1 kGy maintained an overall better texture than other irradiated samples. The weight loss was also higher in the all irradiated samples during storage. The samples irradiated at 1 kGy showed good physical appearance without any fungal attack at the end of storage; however color change in cap region was quite apparent. The ultra-structural drastic effect of irradiation was understandable using scanning electron microscopy. E-nose analysis demonstrated a clear change in the volatile profiles of all irradiated samples. Although the effect of irradiation on quality characteristics was quite clear but the all irradiated samples were free from fungal attack that was observed in the case of control sample.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.28-43
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• 2013

Recent trends toward the collaborations among various sectors of academia and research areas have brought interests and significances in new activities especially in the fashion and textile areas. One of the collaboration examples is the recent research projects on 3D virtual clothing systems based on the 3D CAD software. The 3D virtual clothing systems provide simulated apparels with high degrees of fidelity in terms of color, texture, and structural details. However, since real fabrics exhibit strong nonlinearity, anisotropy, viscoelasticity, and hysteresis, the 3D virtual clothing systems need fine tuning parameters for the simulation process. In this study, characteristics of silk fabrics, which are woven by using degummed silk and raw silk yarns, are being analyzed and compared. Anisotropic properties may be measured as warp and filling direction properties separately in woven fabrics, such as warp tensile stress or filling bending rigidity. Hysteretic properties may be measured as bending hysteresis or shear hysteresis by using KES measurements. These data provide deformation-force relationships of the fabric specimen. Three-dimensional effects obtained when using these characteristic fabrics are also analyzed. The methods to control the three-dimensional appearance of the sewn fabric specimens when utilizing a programmable microprocessor-based motor device, as prepared in this study, are presented. Based on the physical and mechanical properties measured when using the KES equipment, the property parameters are being into a 3-dimensional virtual digital clothing system, in order to generate a virtual clothing product based on the measured silk fabric properties.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.71-86
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• 1991

This study was attempted to enhance nutritional value of cooked rice by adding milk in cooking water. Cooked and soaked rice with five different levels of milk in cooking water (0%, A: 30%, B: 50%, C: 70%, D: 100%, E) was tested for rheological parameters, fine structural changes, sensory evaluation. 1. Water absorbance of raw rice in cooking water with varying amountes of milk, was tested at $5^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Water absorption ratio was decreased as milk content was increased and soaking temperature was low. Time for maximum water absorption of sample A was 40 min at 1$15^{\circ}C$ but for sample B to D, it was not reached until 120 min. 2. Electronmicroscopic observation revealed that starch granules of rice lost their regular forms by soaking for 90 minutes, but recovered most of initial regularity after 24 hours. Increase in milk content of soaking water decreased marginal sharpness of the starch granule, presumably due to reduced swelling of the granule. 3. Degree of gelatinization of cooked rice was highest in sample A and progressively decreased as milk content was increased. It was, however, increased in all samples when the cooking water to rice ratio was raised from 160% to 180%. During 4 hour storage, rates of retrogradation were not different between A and B samples, but those of C, D and E were about 2.5 times higher than A and B under the optimal condition of 170% cooking water to rice ratio. This was in the order reverse to hardness order of AC>A, D＞E at cooking water to rice ratios of 160% and 170%, above which A sample surpassed the rest of samples. 4. Sensory evaluation conducted by fifteen university students as panelists showed that there were more significant differences among five samples in flavour, texture than appearance and a notable preference for b and C over A, D and E.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1998

The solid-phase crystallization (SPC) of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor depsoited (PECVD) amorphous silicon (a-Si) films ha s been investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The a-Si films were prepared on Si (100) wafers using $SiH_4$ gas and without $H_2$ dilution at the substrate temperatures between $120^{\circ}C$ and $380^{\circ}C$, and than annealed at $600^{\circ}C$ for crystallization. The annealed samples exhibited (111), (220), and (311) XRD peaks with preferential orientation of (111). The XRD peak intensities increased as the substrate temperature decreased, and the $H_2$dilution suppressed the solid-phase crystallization. The average grain size estimated by XRD analysis for the (111) texture has increased from about 10 nm to about 30 nm, as the substrate temperature decreased. The deposition rate also increased with the decreasing substrate temperature and the grain size was closely dependent on the deposition rate of the films. The grain size enhancement was attributed to an increase of the structural disorder of the Si network.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.5
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• pp.503-508
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• 2003

Since surgical treatment of the spine should overcome neurological compromises, the operative procedures need to be carefully planned and carried out with high degree of precision. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a surgical procedure that was introduced for the treatment of compression fracture of the vertebrae. This procedure includes puncturing vertebrae and filling with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Recent studies have shown that the procedure could provide structural reinforcement for the osteoporotic vertebrae while being minimally invasive and safe with immediate relief of pain. However, failures of treatment due to excessive PMMA volume injection have been reported as one of complications in vertebroplasty. It is believed that the control of PMMA volume is one of the most critical factors that can reduce the incidence of complications. Therefore, clinical success of vertebroplasty can be dependent on the volume of PMMA injection for a given patient. In this study, the optimal volume of PMMA injection for vertebroplasty was predicted based on the image analysis of a given patient.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1997

1μm-CdS films for a window layer of CdS/CuInSe2 solar cell have been prepared by vacuum of 1x10-3 mTorr. Source and substrate temperature ranges were used 800-1100'C and 50-200℃ respectively. Structural, electircal and optical properties of CdS films have been investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SSEM), electrical resistivity, the Hall measurement and optical transmission spectra. Electrical resistivity and optical transmission of the CdS films decreased with the increase in CdS source temperature without substrate heating. All the films had hexagonal structure and strong texture with (002) orientation of grain normal to the substrate glass. CdS films evaporated at 1000℃ were the highest electrical conductivity of 0.9(S/cm). Electrical resistivity and optical transmission at the substrate temperature of 100℃ were 40(Ω,cm) and 80% respectively.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.299-303
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• 2003

Some of historical textiles were analyzed to identify the imprinted textures on the metal remains of Haengyeup(a horse strap pendant) and Doja (a knife), which were excavated in the ruins of Hwangsung-dong, Kyungju city in the fifth century and textiles imprinted on the human bones that were excavated in the Pungnae 4th Area, Namyangju county in the sixteenth century. The results analyzed arc as follows ; It was confirmed that the imprinted textures of Haengyeup and Doja are white ramie since the structural characteristics of cellulosic bast fibers, partially projected long oval cross sections with large lumens and the imprinted textures of human bones are silk fabrics since the triangular cross sections of fibroin is showed. All of the textiles were designed in plain weaves. In the case of weaving yarns, the warp threads were thicker than the weft threads, that is, the imprinted textures of Haengyeup were measured by 1.35 mm for warp and 1.21 mm for weft, and the Doja by 1.16mm for warp and 1.11 mm for weft. In connection with the direction of the yarn twist, the Z-twist were observed in the imprinted textures of human bones, whereas it presented the S-twist in the case of Haengyeup and Doja. The warp yarns were mostly harder twisted than the weft yarns on the amounts of twist, that is, it was observed that the case of Haengyeup were amounted to 0.33 twists per centimeter for warp yarns and 0.25 twists per centimeter for weft yarns. Also it was showed 0.32 twists per centimeter for warp yarns and 0.26 twists per centimeter in the case of the textures of human bones. On the fabric counts, it was showed that the finer the yarns the higher the densities since it were $4.3{\times}5.1$ threads per sqaure centimeters and $7.6{\times}7.1$ threads per sqaure centimeters each in the case of Haengyeup and Doja, whereas it was $18.2{\times}33.7$ threads per sqaure centimeters in the case of the textures of human bones.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.207-220
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• 2020

Clay soils have a big potential to become contaminated with the oil derivatives because they cover a vast area of the earth. The oil derivatives diffusion in the soil lead to soil contamination and changes the physical and mechanical properties of the soil specially clay soils. Soil stabilization by using new material is very important for geotechnical engineers in order to improve the engineering properties of the soil. The main subjects of this research are a- to investigate the effect of the cement and epoxy resin mixtures on the stabilization and on the mechanical parameters as well as the microstructural properties of clay soils contaminated with gasoline and kerosene, b- study on the phenomenon of clay concrete development. Practical engineering indexes such as Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), elastic modulus, toughness, elastic and plastic strains are all obtained during the course of experiments and are used to determine the optimum amount of additives (cement and epoxy resin) to reach a practical stabilization method. Microstructural tests were also conducted on the specimens to study the changes in the nature and texture of the soil. Results obtained indicated that by adding epoxy resin to the contaminated soil specimens, the strength and deformational properties are increased from 100 to 1500 times as that of original soils. Further, the UCS of some stabilized specimens reached 40 MPa which exceeded the strength of normal concrete. It is interesting to note that, in contrast to the normal concrete, the strength and deformational properties of such stabilized specimens (including UCS, toughness and strain at failure) are simultaneously increased which further indicate on suitability and applicability of the current stabilization method. It was also observed that increasing cement additive to the soil has negligible effect on the contaminated soils stabilized by epoxy resin. In addition, the epoxy resin showed a very good and satisfactory workability for the weakest and the most sensitive soils contaminated with oil derivatives.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.329-335
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• 1984

The effect of peeling methods, spherecity and weight of potatoes and carrots on the peeling efficiency were investigated. The changes in the surface texture by peeling were estimated by Rheometer and were related to the changes in the microstructure. The optimum mechanical peeling conditions using abrasion type rotary peeler were 90 sec. at 300 rpm for potatoes, 70 sec. at 300 rpm for sweet potatoes and 60 sec. at 300 rpm for carrots. The peeling loss was influenced by the sphericity and weight of the sample. The optimum conditions for alkali peeling were 90 sec. immersion in boiling 10% NaOH solution for potatoes, 300 sec. in boiling 10% NaOH solution for sweet potatoes and 60 sec. in boiling 6% NaOH solution for carrots. Severe damage of surface structure was noticed by alkali peeling, demonstrated by denaturation of starch granules in the cell. The structural damage observed by microscope was related to the reduction of cutting force after peeling.