• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.5-15
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to empirically demonstrate how self-esteem, self-efficacy, locus of control, and neuroticism, which is core self-evaluation factors of door-to-door salespersons within food and cosmetic retail industry, affected the sales performance of female salespersons via job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Research design, data and methodology: Using a 23-item questionnaire constructed based on previous studies, this study selected six domestic door-to-door sales companies and conducted a 1:1 face-to-face survey with female door-to-door salespersons belonging to branches and agencies in Seoul and the capital region. The data of 208 respondents were analyzed. The results of path analysis based on structural equation modeling and mediation analysis through the Sobel test were presented. Results: Self-efficacy and locus of control had the largest effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment, respectively. Neuroticism, however, did not significantly influence job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Overall, core self-evaluation factors positively affected sales performance via job satisfaction but not via organizational commitment. Conclusions: This study found that factors which were oriented to female salespersons' ability and sales goals, such as self-efficacy and job satisfaction, were considered important in managing them in the door-to-door sales-distribution channels. In the future, policies should be developed for managing female door-to-door salespersons to help them achieve job satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.24-35
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• 2014

This paper examines, from the perspective of the structure-conduct-performance (S-C-P) paradigm, the structural factors that determine R&D concentration in industries. The results are as follows. First, an industry's R&D concentration is directly related to its market concentration, R&D intensity, capital intensity, and technological opportunities. In contrast, the higher an industry's performance, the more likely the diffusion of R&D investment is for firms belonging to that industry. Second, an industry's R&D concentration has a positive effect on its market concentration but a negative effect on its performance, suggesting that governments should adopt R&D policies that would induce more firms to invest in R&D instead of focusing only on a few firms to enhance industry performance.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.399-414
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review and identify factors relevant to workplace bullying in nursing. Methods: Twenty-three studies that met the criteria were selected from a sample of twenty-six studies. These articles were retrieved from a central literature databases (N=13,241). The total correlational effect size (ESr) for each related factor was calculated from Fisher's Zr. A funnel plot inspection (similar to scatter plot) with a trim-and-fill method was used to assess the publication bias of the meta-analyzed studies. Results: From the systematic review, fifty-one factors were identified as having an influencing effect. Fourteen factors (five individual and nine organizational factors) were eligible for meta-analysis. The individual factors included, self-esteem (ESr=-.31), psychological capital (ESr=-.26), and marital status (ESr=-.06) which were significantly correlated with workplace bullying. Organizational factors included, organizational tolerance (ESr=.48), supervisor incivility (ESr=.47), job stress (ESr=.46), group morale (ESr=-.36), group support (ESr=-.35), supervisor leadership (ESr=-.35), group identity (ESr=-.33), and structural empowerment (ESr=-.27). These factors were significantly correlated with workplace bullying. There were no publication biases except for both individual and organizational factors. Conclusion: Organizational factors have more of an greater impact than individual factors on workplace bullying. The results of this study support the need for intervention at the organizational level.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.639-647
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• 2020

Entrepreneurial intention is receiving immense recognition in entrepreneurship researches, as it motives an individual to become an entrepreneur. Still, the interplay between gender perspective and contextual factors (i.e., access to capital, business information, social network, educational support, structural support) are not fully investigated in understanding the entrepreneurial intention in developing countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, the paper aims to examine the gender difference and educational discipline difference in the university's students' entrepreneurial intention in relation to contextual factors in Bangladesh. In this study, sample has been particularly taken from the different disciplinary students of private universities. Five-point Likert scale-based survey questionnaire was developed based on past researches. 280 online survey forms were distributed among the university students and finally 225 students' response were found correct as the study sample size (final survey response rate = 80%), after eliminating the incorrect survey responses. For statistical analysis SPSS 23.0 version is used. One-way ANOVA is used to measure the gender and discipline difference on entrepreneurial intention among male and female students. The results show that business information and social network will have more influence on male students' entrepreneurial intention, and comparatively, business students have more willingness to become entrepreneurs than other departmental students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.586-595
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• 2015

This paper explores the relationship between senior workforce's education & training and job satisfaction. Further, the mediating effect of knowledge-sharing practice is also analyzed. We used 970 senior workforce's survey data from Human Capital Corporate Panel. Using structural equation modeling, the results suggest as follows. First, senior workforce's education & training had a positive effect on job satisfaction. Second, senior workforce's knowledge-sharing practice had a positive effect on job satisfaction. Third, a mediation analysis reveals that knowledge-sharing practice significantly mediates the relationship between education & training and job satisfaction. Several theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2010

As globalization is making rapid progress, place of international trade based on seaports is changing to airports, which make logistic function in airport getting more important. Airports are required to serve as social overhead capital representing economies of scale as well as a logistic hub for integrating production, sales and transport for multinational corporations. In order to keep regional airport hub, many strategies are required such as development of hinterland and competitive advantage strategies. This paper tried to find determining factors to be a hub airport and competitiveness for hubbing, using the data from Incheon, Narita, Kansai, Nagoya, Singapore-Changi and Taipei airports. As the result of making an analysis of competitiveness of airports and competitive ranking excluding hinterland factors.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.138-154
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• 2008

The conventional non-dig underground structure building method which made an appearance to reduce the social and environmental costs and maximize the efficiency of the social overhead capital facilities could not help being uneconomical because of many problems such as unnecessary excessive excavation, water leakage, obstacle interference, difficulty of curvilinear application and connection complexity between propelled and injected bodies due to indiscriminate application of small and large circular steel pipes without consideration of the site conditions. The T.S.T.M, in which a protruded square tube is applied as a propulsion and injection body in a design that considered site conditions such as ground condition, depth of soil and live load, was able to be economical as it solved the problems of water resistance, minimization of obstacle interference and curvilinearity, and we can see that it can be applied to all grounds by utilizing or complementing the target ground in terms of engineering. Also in configuring the transverse section, it is possible to not only secure excellent structural safety but also implement all of the above engineering characteristics not only in the square cross section but also in the arch cross section, so it was possible to build structures on any section or ground, and we could confirm the LCC reduction effect and the VE effect.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 2017

This mixed-use Raffles City (RCH) development is located near the Qiantang River in Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province, located southwest of Shanghai, China. The project incorporates retail, offices, housing, and hotel facilities and marks the site of a cultural landscape within the Quianjiang New Town Area. The project is composed of two 250-meter-tall twisting towers with a form of vibrant waves, along with a commercial podium and three stories of basement car parking. It reaches a height of 60 stories, presenting views both to and from the Qiantang River and West Lake areas, with a total floor area of almost 400,000 square meters. A composite moment frame plus concrete core structural system was adopted for the tower structures. Concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) columns together with steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beams form the outer moment frame of the towers' structure. The internal slabs and floor beams are of reinforced concrete. This paper presents the engineering design and construction of this highly complex project. Through comprehensive discussion and careful elaboration, some conclusions are reached, which serve as a reference guide for the design and construction of similar free-form, hybrid, mix-use buildings.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2017

There has been a pronounced increase in research and development (R&D) expenditure in Singapore over the last two decades, with government spending accounting for a sizeable share. This increase has been spurred by public policy emphasis on research and innovation as engines of economic growth. This paper analyses the impact of R&D on economic performance in Singapore from 1978 to 2012 through the use of time series analysis. The Cobb-Douglas based analysis shows a long-run equilibrium relationship between Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and R&D investments. We found that the short-run productivity of R&D in Singapore is comparable to smaller advanced economies in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). However, in terms of long-run R&D productivity, Singapore lags slightly behind the smaller OECD nations and far behind the G7 countries. This suggests leakage of value capture and low absorptive capacity in local firms. Possibility of productivity improvements induced by policy changes in the 1990s was considered, but no evidence of significant structural breaks was found. Lastly, Granger causality analysis reveals that public sector R&D augments private sector R&D capital, thus playing an important role in generating externalities and spillover effects. Policy implications and lessons for other middle-income countries are discussed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2018

This paper examines the relationship between innovative culture, participation of employee, turnover intention and organizational performance. Data were extracted from the Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training(KRIVET)'s human capital corporate panel survey(HCCP) from 2015, and the analysis used 411 companies. To test the research model, structural equation model employed. The model shows that innovative culture was positively related to participation, organizational performance. And turnover intention was a negatively related to innovative culture, participation, organizational performance.