• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2006

Occasionlly, a lot of plants withered on the marine upheaval soil, because of the potential acid sulfate soil. It was necessary to investigate the chemistry of soil, before planting on Ulsan-Jungjadong cut-slope of road construction site. Cut-slope surface soils were sampled on the every varying points in soil colour and analyzed chemically. Germination status of seeds in sample soils was investigated such as Albizzia julibrissin, Festuca arundinacea. Relationship between germination status and chemistry of soil was analyzed. The results of investigation and analysis are as follows. 1. Germination of seeds was inhibited, less than pH($H_2O$ 1 : 5) 2.63. 2. Germination of seeds was inhibited, more than EC($H_2O_2$ 1 : 5) 13.4mS. 3. Germination of seeds was inhibited, more than aluminum ion content 2.0ppm in soil solution extracted by A$H_2O$ and 6.2ppm by $H_2O_2$. 4. pH($H_2O$ 1 : 5), EC($H_2O_2$ 1 : 5) and aluminum ion content proved chemical indicators of seed germination inhibition, in case of potential acid sulfate soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.368-374
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• 2016

The perennial edible wild plants such as Aster glehnii, Solidago virgaurea subsp. gigantean, Allium ochotense, Athyrium acutipinnulum, Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus and Codonopsis lanceolata have cultivated as the main income crops introduced into the fields about 30 years ago in Ulleung island. Soil samples were collected from 190 fields and assessed the effects of management practices on soil chemical properties at wild edible plant fields under no-till system. The strong acidic soils of pH 5.4 or less were detected in 45% of the soil samples. The level of soil organic matter was being held at mean $63{\pm}28g\;kg^{-1}$, 2.7 times higher than upland soils in Korea. Available phosphate and exchangeable potassium showed more than recommended levels of upland crops as $680{\pm}489mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $1.94{\pm}1.7cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The fields of Solidago and Aster showing strong soil acidity and high level of available phosphate and water soluble $NO_3{^-}$ were distinguished from other crops in analysis of variance and principal component analysis of soil chemicals. These results suggested that high frequency of acidic soil and high levels of available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable $K_2O$ and water soluble $NO_3{^-}$ were accompanied with the use of urea and NPK-fertilizer based on nitrogen in the field. However, further research is needed to understand the appropriate management of fertilization and the prevention of soil acidification for wild edible plants.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Electrokinetic technology was applied to remediate Cu, Pb and As-contaminated paddy soil. Removal of metal is highly dependent on the processing fluid during electrokinetic treatment. Tap water, NaOH, $HNO_3$, $Na_2EDTA$, and citric acid were evaluated as the processing fluids to enhance metal removal. Cu and Pb were transported toward cathode, however, it did not removed from soil section, while 56.6% of As was removed at a acidic condition. The strong acidic condition with nitric acid as a processing fluid enhanced the desoprtion of As from soil surface. However, longer operation time is needed to get the higher removal of Cu and Pb, and the acidification of soil after electrokinetic treatment should be solved.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 1968

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 배지(培地)의 pH별(別) 처리(處理)에 대(對)한 몇가지 유묘(幼苗)에 미치는 영향을 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하였다. I. T-R율(率) 및 생장(生長) 1. T-R율(率) 배지(培地)의 조건(條件)에 자라서 수종별(樹種別) 그 범위(範圍)는 거의 같은 경향을 띄우고 있으나 처리별(處理別)로는 큰 차이(差異)가 생겼는데 강우성(强偶性)과 강(强) Alkali역(域)에서는 T-R율(率)이 적었다. 이것은 묘목(苗木) 균형(均衡)을 잃고 있는 것이다. 2. H-ion에 저항(抵抗)이 강(强)한 것일수록 근계(根系) 즉(卽) 세근(細根)의 저항(抵抗)이 모두 비교적(比較的) 충실(充實)하였다. 3. 근계발육(根系發育)은 pH의 영향을 크게 받으며 pH3, pH8, pH9구(區)에서는 특(特)히 그 발육(發育)히 불량(不良)하였다. 4. 은행나무, 리기다소나무, 방크스소나무는 강산역(强酸域)에서도 생장(生長)을 지속(持續)하였다. 5. 생장계절(生長季節)은 생장휴지기(生長休止期)보다 배지(培地)의 pH가 높으며 내산성(耐酸性)이 강(强)한 수종(樹種)은 배지(培地)의 산역(酸域)에서 생장(生長)이 좋았고 내한성(耐旱性)도 강(强)하며 리기다소나무, 방크스소나무는 특(特)히 Alkali역(域)에서 생장(生長)이 불량(不良)하다. II. 생체(生體) pH 1. 수종(樹種)에 따라 생체(生體) pH에 차이(差異)가 생겼는데 내산성(耐酸性)이 크다고 인정(認定)되는 수종(樹種) 생체(生體)pH가 높다. 2. 생장기(生長期)는 휴지기(休止期)보다 생체(生體) pH가 높다. 3. 생체(生體)의 pH는 배지(培地)의 pH처리(處理)에 유의(有意)하지 않았다.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 광산 인근 토양에서 산성비를 비롯한 침출수에 의한 지하 환경 오염 메카니즘을 검토하고, 오염 방지 및 교정과 대안의 효과를 정량화 하기 위한 방안을 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 중금속인 비소의 오염도가 높은 토양을 대상으로 인위적 산성용액에 의한 비소의 용출을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 한편, 산성 침출오염수에 의한 지하 환경의 오염을 방지하기 위하여 석회석을 활용한 토양의 안정화방법의 효과를 살펴 보았다. 오염된 시료토양에 포함된 비소는 pH 1이하의 강산성 용액일수록 격렬히 용출되었으며, pH 값이 낮아질 수록 최대 용출량은 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 석회석에 의한 토양 안정화방안은 매우 효과적이었으며, 석회석에 의한 산성용액의 중화반응 특성식은 미반응 핵 모델중에서 화학반응이 속도지배인 특성식에 잘 부합되는 것으로 보여진다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 강산 및 강염기 유출사고가 발생하였을 때 육상생물의 생육에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 토양특성의 변화를 살펴보았다. 강산과 강염기 화학물질로 HCl과 NaOH을 선정하였으며 이들 물질을 토양과 반응시킨 후 토양의 토성, 비표면적, 유기물함량, pH, 양이온교환능력 및 치환성양이온 함량 변화를 측정하였다. 토양과 반응한 HCl 및 NaOH 농도가 각각 10 M과 1 M인 경우 (즉, 토양 1 g 당 50 mmol의 HCl이나 5 mmol의 NaOH가 유입된 경우) 유의한 수준의 토양 특성 변화가 관찰되었다. 10 M HCl 및 1 M NaOH 용액과 반응한 토양의 토성은 sandy loam에서 loamy sand로 변하였으며, 비표면적은 $5.84m^2/g$에서 각각 4.85 및 $1.92m^2/g$으로 감소하였다. 토양 유기물 함량은 3.23%에서 0.96 및 0.44%로 크게 감소하였으며, 반응 전 pH 5.05로 약산성인 토양의 pH는 각각 2.35 및 10.65로 변하였다. 토양 내 양이온교환능력은 10.27 cmol/kg에서 4.52 및 5.60 cmol/kg으로 크게 감소하였으며 $Na^+$을 제외한 알칼리성 양이온 ($K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$)의 함량이 감소하였다. HCl과 반응한 경우 $Na^+$ 함량은 감소, $Al^{3+}$ 함량은 증가하였으나 반대로 NaOH와 반응한 경우 $Na^+$ 함량은 증가, $Al^{3+}$ 함량은 감소하였다. 높은 농도의 $Al^{3+}$과 $Na^+$은 각각 토양생물에게 직접적인 독성을 발현하거나 토양의 투수성을 감소시키고 중탄산염의 농도를 증가시켜 독성을 발현할 수 있다. 본 연구는 강산 및 강염기유출사고로 인하여 변화한 토양특성이 토양의 생태기능에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 보여준다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 1993

미생물을 이용한 생분해성 고분자 생산연구의 일환으로 토양으로부터 고점성의 생물고분자 생산균주를 분리하고, 이 분리균에 대한 분류학적 성질 및 생성 생물고분자의 이화학적 성상을 검토, 규명하였다. 분리균주는 Alcaligenes속의 한 균종으로 동정하였으며, 호알카리성 균주의 특성을 나타내었다. CPC(cetylpridinium chloride)침전 및 acetone처리하여 정제한 산성 고분자 물질은 carboxyl기를 갖고 자외 흡수가 강한 glutamic acid만을 구성성분으로 하였고, glutamic acid는 $\gamma$-peptide 결합의 $\gamma$-polyglutamic acid로 존재하였다. 중화당량은 약 350으로 $\gamma$-PGA 2.7잔가당 1개의 음이온이 존재하였으며, 분자량은 약 $6.5{\times}10^5$Daltons이었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.727-733
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• 2011

A new Korean standard for the determination of Cr(VI) in soils has been officially published as ES 07408.1 in 2009. This analytical method is based on the hot alkaline digestion and colorimetric detection prescribed by U.S. EPA method 3060A and 7196A. The hot alkaline digestion accomplished using 0.28 M $Na_2CO_3$ and 0.5 M NaOH solution (pH 13.4) at $90{\sim}95^{\circ}C$ determines total Cr(VI) in soils extracting all forms of Cr(VI), including water-soluble, adsorbed, precipitated, and mineral-bound chromates. This aggressive alkaline digestion, however, proved to be problematic for certain soils which contain large amounts of soluble humic substances or active manganese oxides. Cr(III) could be oxidized to Cr(VI) by manganese oxides during the strong alkaline extraction, resulting in overestimation (positive error) of Cr(VI). In contrast, Cr(VI) reduction by dissolved humic matter or Fe(II) could occur during the neutralization and acidic colorimetric detection procedure, resulting in underestimation (negative error) of Cr(VI). Futhermore, dissolved humic matter hampered the colorimetric detection of Cr(VI) using UV/Vis spectrophotometer due to the strong coloration of the filtrate, resulting in overestimation (positive error) of Cr(VI). Without understanding the mechanisms of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) transformation during the analysis it could be difficult to operate the experiment in laboratory and to evaluate the Cr(VI) results. For this reason, in this paper we described the theoretical principles and limitations of Cr(VI) analysis and provided useful guidelines for laboratory work and Cr(VI) data analysis.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.231-245
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• 2010

The the purpose of this study was to analyze of the vegetation structure and phytosociological changes in the area adjacent to GeumJeong Mountain Fortress for fifteen years. The result of this study was as follows; Of the 8 quadrates, site of the North Gate 2 was having a highest in the number of extinct trees, 15 kinds. This is probably due to trampling effect caused by climbers' steps. Site of the West Gate 1 and South gate 1 each had 8 kinds of extinct trees, respectively. The number of newly appeared trees was highest at site of the North Gate 1, (8 kinds) followed by the sites of South gate 1 and South gate 2, respectively (5 kinds). The highest decrease in number of tree species was observed in North Gate 1, therefore, there is a strong relationship between vegetation diversity and the number of users of the available spaces. In order to revitalize the unstable vegetation structure of the Area Adjacent to GeumJeong Mountain Fortress, Robinia pseudo-acacia has to be well maintained in the shrub tree layer, and vines, such as Smilax china, Humulus japonicus, and Pueraria thungergiana, should be removed. To recover natural vegetation, dead leaf layer should be protected, and more shrub trees need to be planted. In the understory and shrub tree layer, multi layer tree planting is highly recommended to recover natural vegetation and increase tree diversity. In order to improve bad soil condition caused by trampling effect of recreational users, special treatments to the soil structure are required, such as mulching and raking soil. Also, depending on its soil damage from users trampling, the areas in the park should be divided into usable areas and user limited areas by the sabbatical year system. To improve the soil acidity due to acidic rain, soil buffering ability should be improved by activating microorganisms in the soil by using lime and organic material.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1998

Enoronmental problems caused by certain geologic conditions Include pollution of soil by heavy metal, acidization of souls , acid mine drainage, Pound-water pollution, and natural radioactivity, as well as zoo-logical hazards such as landslide and subsidence. The acrid mine drainage contains large amount of heavy metals nO, therefore. cause serious pollution onto the nearby drainage systems and soils. In spite of this prospective environmental danger, few studies have been done on the acid mine drainage derived from non-metallic ore deposits such as pyrophyllitefNapseok) deposits. The sudo-bearing pyrophyllite ores, alteration zones, and mine talllngs of pyrophylllte deposits produce acrid mine drainage by the okidation of weathering. Compared to the fresh host rocks, the ores and altered rocks of pyrophyllite deposits produce acidic solution which contain higher amount of heavy metals because of OeP lower buffering capacity to acrid solution. The pus of urine water and nearby stream water of pyrophyllite deposits are 2.1~3.7, which are strong- ly acidic and much lower than that (6.2~7.2) of upstream water and than that (6.8~7.6) of the stream water derived from the non-mineralized area. This study reveals that this acrid mine drainage can affect the downstream area which is 8km far from the pyrophyllite deposits, even though the drain Is diluted with abundant non-contaminated river water This suggmists that not only acid mine drainage but also the sulfide-bearing sediments originated from the pyrophyllite deposits move downstream and form acidic water through continuous oxidation reaction. The heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Nl, Mn and Fe are enriched In the mine water of low pH, and their contents decrease as the pH of mine water Increases because of the Influx of fresh stream wainer. SoUs of the Pyrophyulte deposits are characterized by high contents of heavy metals. The stream sediments containing the yellowish brown precipitates formed by neutralization of acid mine drainage occur in all parts of the stream derived from the pyrophyllite deposits, and the sediments also contain high amounts of heavy metals. In summary, the acid mine drainage of the pyrophyllite deposits is located in the upstream part of Hoidong water reservoir in Pusan contains large amounts of heavy metals and flows into the Holdong water reservoir without any purification process. To protect the water of Holdong reservoir, the acid mine drainage should be treated with a proper purification process.