• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.201-206
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• 2012

PURPOSES: This study evaluated a measuring technique for tire-pavement interaction noise that uses a noble close proximity (NCPX) method as well as for noise level measured inside of a car (e.g., Inside Noise Level) in term of rumble strips constructed at a tall gate. METHODS: According to the measurements of NCPX and inside noise level (INL), 1/3 octave band frequency analysis and overall noise level calculation were conducted in order to evaluate noise levels of NCPX and INL, depending on types of rumble strips. RESULTS: The tested sections of general concrete pavement surface and two different types of rumble strips were evaluated, using 1/3 octave band frequency analysis and overall noise level. From the analyzed results, it can be concluded that rumble strips generate a relatively huge noise levels when compared to the concrete pavement surface. CONCLUSIONS: Noting that above 3 dBA different noise levels can let drivers know that they are getting close to toll gate; therefore, they should apply their brakes. Thus, the noise levels of rumble strips are required to be reduced, based on considering the neighbors living near toll gates.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2014

This paper presents the experimental results of flexural behavior of steel beam strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer plastic (FRP) strips subjected to static bending loading. Four H beams were fabricated strengthened with aramid strips and carbon strips and one control specimen were also fabricated. Among them two specimens were strengthened with partial length. The H-beams had two types of failure mode, depending on the length of the FRP strips:(1) strip debonding in beams with partial length reinforcement and (2) strip rupture in beams with full length reinforcement. From the test, it was observed that maximum increase of 16% was also achieved in bending-load capacity.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 1999

Effect of sulfur segregation on tertiary recrystallization and magnetic induction during final annealing was investigated in a 3% Si-Fe electrical strip containing 6 ppm(LS) and 15 ppm(HS) sulfur. During final annealing, Auger peak height of segregated sulfur on the surface of the strips reached a maximum, and then decreased to low level with increasing annealing time, which is attributed to sulfur segregation and evaporation. The magnetic induction of the thin-gauged 3% Si strip was inversely proportional to the Auger peak height of segregated sulfur on the surface. The overall profile for surface segregation of sulfur and B10 was observed, irrespective of sulfur content in Si-Fe strips, but the peaks of LS strips appeared earlier than those of HS strips. The grain growth rate of the LS strips during final annealing was faster than that of the HS strips, which may be attributed to the pinning effects of segregated sulfur. With increasing final annealing temperature, B10 value increased rapidly and the saturation level in B10 increased.

• Metals and materials international
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1422-1431
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• 2018

We investigated the additional (secondary) cooling effect of casted strips on the magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets. The Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets were fabricated with the casted strips prepared without and with additional cooling. Additional cooling was achieved by blowing Ar gas at various pressures (0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 MPa) on the free-side surface of the strips during the strip-casting process. The higher magnetic properties of $H_c$, $B_r$, and $(BH)_{max}$ of the final Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets were obtained for 0.1 MPa rather than for 0.0 MPa. The best microstructure of the columnar grains in the casted strips was produced with the aid of a lower pressure of gas on the free-side surface. It was found that the microstructure of the strips affects the distribution of grains grown in the sintered magnets. This report demonstrates that the improved magnetic performance of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets was achieved via additional gas cooling.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.437-445
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• 2021

Retrofitting of structures has gained importance over the recent years. Particularly, Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) column strengthening has become a challenge to the structural engineers, owing to the risks and complexities involved in it. There are several methods of RCC column strengthening viz. RCC jacketing, steel jacketing and Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) wrapping etc., FRP wrapping is the most promising alternative when compared to the others. The large research database shows FRP wrapping, through lateral confinement, improves the axial load carrying capacity of the columns under concentric loading. However, its confining efficiency reduces under eccentric loading. Hence a relative newer technique called Near Surface Mounting (NSM), in which Carbon FRP (CFRP) strips are epoxy grouted to the precut grooves in the cover concrete of the columns, has been thrust domain of research. NSM technique strengthens the column nominally under concentric load case while significantly under eccentric case. A novel configuration of NSM in which the vertical NSM (VNSM) strips are being connected by horizontal NSM (HNSM) strips was numerically investigated under both concentric and eccentric loading. It was found that the configuration with 6 HNSM strips performed better under eccentric loading than under concentric loading, while the configuration with 3 HNSM strips performed better under concentric loading than under eccentric loading. Hence an optimum of 4 HNSM strips is recommended as strengthening measure for the given column specifications. It was also found that Aluminum alloy cannot be used instead of CFRP in NSM applications owing to its lower mechanical properties.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2009

Experimental study was performed to evaluate the long-term behavior of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) strips under sustained loads including prestressing force in strengthening RC members with post-tensioned CFRP strips. Two types of CFRP strip such as unidirectional CFRP strip and hybrid CFRP strip which is composed of carbon fiber and steel plate were considered. Also two types of loading scheme were included in this study. Direct sustained loading test had been carried out to estimate the creep deformation and relaxation of CFRP strips including slip deformation at both mechanical anchorages for over 700 days. Also, flexural sustained loading test had been conducted to estimate the initial prestress losses on clamping the CFRP strips at jacking anchorages for over 90 days. From the sustained loading tests, it was observed that stress losses of unidirectional CFRP strips due to the creep deformation and relaxation of material itself and slip deformation at mechanical anchorage were ignorable. On the other hand, significant stress losses caused by the yielding of steel embedded in CFRP strips were found in case of hybrid CFRP strips due to the initial jacking force over steel yielding stress. Also, initial prestress losses during setting of CFRP strips on mechanical anchorage were about 10% of intial jacking force, which must be considered in the design.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.10
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

This thesis aims to recall the importance of language in comics by studying comic strips in Korean daily newspapers: the comic strips are analyzed for rhetorical puns in its language text as they representatively show the value and role of language in comics. Moreover, Korean comic strips, as they developed into current affairs comics, acquired a stronger media characteristic of communicating information compared to other genres of cartoons. As a result, comics strips have become a genre where language plays an important role and the words needing to be able to convey the meaning quickly and implicitly. Due to tight control of national authority, the language technique developed into an indirect expression rather than a stronger direct imaging technique. The political oppression of the comic strip paradoxically brought on the rhetorical development in the creative techniques. Based on this analysis, the writer studied the rhetorical puns of the texts Korean comic strips by implementing the classification techniques of rhetoric expressions. As a result, through quotes and analysis of actual comic strips, the writer confirmed that Korean comic strips do actually show tremendously vast rhetorical puns in its language application techniques. The writer was also able to conclude that the rhetorical puns in comics were the force entertaining and impressing the readers, and also acting as the creative principle. Concluding this study, the writer emphasizes that language, not only in comic strips, is a combination of words and images and is also an important factor in all cartoons in general. Thus the thesis proposes that the training of humanistic thoughts and linguistic sensitivity are as important as learning to draw in the creation of cartoons.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.337-345
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the shear strengthening effectiveness of the beams strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) and external bonded (EB) CFRP strips. A total of nine concrete beams were made and tested. From this study, it was found that the shear stiffness and strength of the beams strengthened with NSM and EB strips were significantly improved compared to the control beam. Failure of the beam strengthened with NSM and EB strips was initiated by shear cracks, propagated diagonally to the adjacent epoxy grooves without crossing the epoxy and finally sudden diagonal crack connecting the point of application of load and flexural crack was occurred. For the beam strengthened combined with NSM and EB CFRP strips, the tensile strains in the NSM CFRP strips were observed in the range of 0.35% to 0.45% and strains with EB strips were measured about 0.3%.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.210-219
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• 1992

The measurement of the apparent and tap density for Al-Pb-X(Sn,Sn-Si) powders produced by centrifugal atomizer showed that the larger theoretically calculated densities the larger those densities. And tap densities were not over 50% of the theoretical densities. The nip angle of Al-5wt%Pb alloy powders produced with 38000 r.p.m. of disk rotation was $3^{\circ}$ degree larger than that of Al-8.5wt%Pb-3wt%Sn(-4wt%Si, 8wt%Si) with 50000 r.p.m. The effects of roll gap and rolling speed on thickness and density of the single strips by rolling were that rolling speed increasing the thickness and density of strip decreased and roll gap increasing, the thickness of strip increased but the density decresed. The compactibility of Al-Pb-X with Al by rerolling showed that the coarse powder-strips were better than fine powder-strips. From the SEM study with EDX analysis on the sintered strips, it was found that Pb and Sn were segregated with maximum size $5{\mu}m$, and Si existed surrounding the segregation zone. After sintering the clad strips at $500^{\circ}C$, the pores, which were spherical with $5{\mu}m$ of mean diameter, partly remained around the particles of alloy powders area, while completely disappeared at clad interface. The hardness of strips of alloy powders decreased linearly with increasing sintering temperature.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1622-1628
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to define the effect of SoPung-Tang extract on hypertension in spontaneous hypertensive rat and norepinephrine- induced arterial contraction in rabbit. In order to investigate the effect of SoPung-Tang extract on contracted rabbit carotid arterial strips, transverse strips with intact or damaged endothelium were used for the experiment using organ bath. To analyze the mechanism of SoPung-Tang extract-induced relaxation, SoPung-Tang extract infused into contracted arterial strips induced by norepinephrine after treatment of indomethacin, Nu-nitro-L-arginine, methylene blue or tetraethylammonium chloride. Blood pressure was significantly decreased five days after administration of SoPung-Tang extract. SoPung-Tang extract relax arterial strip with endothelium contracted by norepinephrine, but in the strips without endothelium, SoPung-Tang extract- induced relaxation was significantly inhibited. SoPung-Tang relax arterial strip contracted by norepinephrine, but in the strips contracted by high $K^+$, SoPung-Tang extract-induced relaxation was significantly inhibited. The endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by SoPung-Tang extract was decreased by the pre-treatment of $N{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine or methylene blue, but it was not observed in the strips pre-treated with indomethacin or tetraethylammonium chloride. When $Ca^{2+}$ was applied, the strips which were contracted by norepinephrine in a $Ca^{2+}$-free solution, arterial contraction was increased. But pre-treatment of SoPung-Tang extract inhibited contractile response to $Ca^{2+}$. We suggest that SoPung-Tang could be applied effectively for hypertension and may suppress influx of extra-cellular $Ca^{2+}$ through the formation of nitric oxide in the vascular endothelial cells.