• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.521-531
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• 2014

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of normalization by dimensionless number of Hof(1996) and to analysis the gait pattern for 20s Korean males and females. Subjects are selected in accordance with classification system of Korean standard body figure and age. Experimental equipment is the Motion capture system. Subjects who are walked at a self-selected normal walking speed were photographed using the Motion capture system and analyzed using 3D motion analysis method with OrthoTrak, Cortex, Matlab and SPSS for a statistical test. When used to normalize data, there are no differences of statistical significances between gender in all spatiotemporal variables. I concluded that gait research for mutual comparison requires a normalization by dimensionless number to eliminate the effects of the body size and to accurate statistical analysis.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2013

■ Objectives The aim of study is to analyze the change of gait pattern by arm sling in a hemiplegic patient. ■ Methods We analyzed the change of gait pattern under three conditions using Treadmill Gait analysis equipment(Zebris Co.Ltd FDM-T) First, the patient didn't have arm sling on her upper limb, second, the patient have arm sling on her affected upper limb, third, patient have arm sling on her unaffected upper limb. ■ Results In terms of spatiotemporal gait values, swing phase, step time, step length of unaffected lower limb increased. Furthermore, stride time and stride length also increased when the patient had arm sling on her unaffected upper limb. In terms of displacement of Center of pressure(CoP), anterior/posterior position and lateral symmetry of CoP increased. Furthermore, lateral symmetry of decreased when the patient had arm sling on her affected upper limb. ■ Conclusion Arm sling applied on affected side would be advantage to gait improvement in hemiplegic patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2022

Purpose : The goal of this study is to examine the effect of robot assisted gait training (RAGT) on the kinematic factors (temporospatial gait parameters, gait cycle ratio, and gait line length) of gait in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects of this study were 24 stroke patients selected by inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: robot assisted gait training (n=11) and general neurological physical therapy group (n=11). In the robot-assisted gait training group, robot-assisted gait training was mediated for 30 minutes a day in addition to general neurological physical therapy. The general neurological physical therapy group was mediated by general neurological physical therapy for 30 minutes a day in addition to general neurological physical therapy. The number of interventions was 5 times a week for 5 weeks. In order to compare the kinematic factors of walking between the two groups, gait analysis was performed before and after 5 weeks of training using the Zebris gait analysis system. Results : As a result of the gait analysis of the two groups, there were significant differences in temporospatial gait variables (step length, stride length, step width, step time, stride time), gait cycle ratio (swing phase, stance phase) and gait line length. However, there was no significant difference in the cadence (temporospatial gait parameters) in the robot assisted gait training group compared to general neurological physical therapy group. Conclusion : It is considered to be a useful treatment for stroke patients to promote the recovery of gait function in stroke patients. Based on the results of this study, continuous robot assisted gait training treatment is considered to have a positive effect on gait ability, the goal of stroke rehabilitation. In the future, additional studies should be conducted on many subjects of stroke patients, the kinematic factors of the legs according to the severity of stroke and treatment period, and the effect of gait training.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact acceleration, shock attenuation and biomechanical variables at various running speed. Method: 20 subjects (height: 176.15 ± 0.63 cm, weight: 70.95 ± 9.77 kg, age: 27.00 ± 4.65 yrs.) participated in this study. The subjects ran at four different speeds (2.5 m/s, 3.0 m/s, 3.5 m/s, 4.0 m/s). Three-dimensional accelerometers were attached to the distal tibia, sternum and head. Gait parameters, biomechanical variables (lower extremity joint angle, moment, power and ground reaction force) and acceleration variables (impact acceleration, shock attenuation) were calculated during the stance phase of the running. Repeated measures ANOVA was used with an alpha level of .05. Results: In gait parameters, decreased stance time, increasing stride length and stride frequency with increasing running speed. And at swing time 2.5 m/s and 4.0 m/s was decreased compared to 3.0 m/s and 3.5 m/s. Biomechanical variables statistically increased with increasing running speed except knee joint ROM, maximum ankle dorsiflexion moment, and maximum hip flexion moment. In acceleration variables as the running speed increased (2.5 m/s to 4.0 m/s), the impact acceleration on the distal tibia increased by more than twice, while the sternum and head increased by approximately 1.1 and 1.2 times, respectively. And shock attenuation (tibia to head) increased as the running speed increased. Conclusion: When running speed increases, the magnitude and increasing rate of sternum and head acceleration are lower compared to the proximal tibia, while shock attenuation increases. This suggests that limiting trunk movement and increasing lower limb movement effectively reduce impact from increased shock. However, to fully understand the body's mechanism for reducing shock, further studies are needed with accelerometers attached to more segments to examine their relationship with kinematic variables.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.41-51
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a technique of multi-time window feature extraction for anger detection in gait data. In the previous gait-based emotion recognition methods, the pedestrian's stride, time taken for one stride, walking speed, and forward tilt angles of the neck and thorax are calculated. Then, minimum, mean, and maximum values are calculated for the entire interval to use them as features. However, each feature does not always change uniformly over the entire interval but sometimes changes locally. Therefore, we propose a multi-time window feature extraction technique that can extract both global and local features, from long-term to short-term. In addition, we also propose an ensemble model that consists of multiple classifiers. Each classifier is trained with features extracted from different multi-time windows. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed feature extraction technique and ensemble model, a public three-dimensional gait dataset was used. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ensemble model achieves the best performance compared to machine learning models trained with existing feature extraction techniques for four performance evaluation metrics.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 1992

Gait parameters for the Korean normal adults were compared with sex and age. Time-distance measurements and ground reaction force parameters were studied in relation to walking speed. Regression analysis was performed to establish functional relations between walking speed and various gait parameters. It is found that cardence and stride length varied linearly with walking velocity whereas time of double support was inversely proportional to walking velocity. The amplitude of ground reaction force was increased with increasing velocities of gait due to the greater heel-strike force and toe-off forces associated with these higher velocities. The results of this study can be usefull utilized as basic data to design and evaluate prosthetic devices, and to detect abnormal gait performances.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.179-196
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• 2013

An experimentally measured single footfall trace (SFT) from a walking subject needs to be extended into a continuous force curve, which can then be used as load for floor vibration serviceability assessment, or on which further analysis like discrete Fourier transform can be conducted. This paper investigates the accuracy, applicability and parametrical sensitivity of four extension methods, Methods I to IV, which extends the SFT into a continuous time history by the walking step rate, stride time, double support proportion and the double support time, respectively. Performance of the four methods was assessed by comparing their results with the experimentally obtained reference footfall traces in the time and frequency domain, and by comparing the vibrational response of a concrete slab subjected to the extended traces to that of reference traces. The effect of the extension parameter on each method was also explored through parametrical analysis. This study finds that, in general, Method I and II perform better than Method III and IV, and all of the four methods are sensitive to their extension parameter. When reliable information of walking rate or gait period is available in the test, Methods I or II is a better choice. Otherwise, Method III, with the suggested extension parameter of double support time proportion, is recommended.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2017

Objective: Dual-task interference is defined as decrements in performance observed when people attempt to perform two tasks concurrently, such as a verbal task and walking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of gait ability according to the dual task interference in chronic stroke survivors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten chronic stroke survivors (9 male, 1 female; mean age, 55.30 years; mini mental state examination, 19.60; onset duration, 56.90 months) recruited from the local community participated in this study. Gait ability (velocity, paretic side step, and stride time and length) under the single- and dual-task conditions at a self-selected comfortable walking speed was measured using the motion analysis system. In the dual task conditions, subjects performed three types of cognitive tasks (controlled oral word association test, auditory clock test, and counting backwards) while walking on the track. Results: For velocity, step and stride length, there was a significant decrease in the dual-task walking condition compared to the single walking condition (p<0.05). In particular, higher reduction of walking ability was observed when applying the counting backward task. Conclusions: Our results revealed that the addition of cognitive tasks while walking may lead to decrements of gait ability in stroke survivors. In particular, the difficulty level was the highest for the calculating task. We believe that these results provide basic information for improvements in gait ability and may be useful in gait training to prevent falls after a stroke incident.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2002

Objectives : Acupuncture therapy is known as a effective method to CVA with paralysis. To make clear about effectiveness of acupuncture affecting to active and static postural adaptation for the patient with hemiparesis, we studied whether acupuncture changed ability of maintenance with one leg standing posture, and character of gait such as gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length and base of support. Methods : This clinical study has been carried out with 10 cases of CVA patient with hemiparesis. We treated patients with acupuncture for 4 weeks, estimated each paralytic leg and well leg before 1st treatment and after last treatment, and compared the change of one leg with the other. To estimate the change of ability of static postural adaptation, we checked the time of duration with one leg standing posture. And about active postural adaptation, we used temporal distance gait analysis with Ink-Foot-Print method. Results and Conclusions : In static postural adaptation, paralytic leg significantly improved the duration with one leg posture. And In active postural adaptation with gait analysis, paralytic leg showed significant improvement in stride length and step length. Base of support and cadence were also significantly improved.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2010

Traditional storage server suffers from duplicated data blocks which cause an waste of storage space and network bandwidth. To address this problem, various de-duplication mechanisms are proposed. Especially, lots of works are limited to backup server that exploits Contents-Defined Chunking (CDC). In backup server, duplicated blocks can be easily traced by using Anchor, therefore CDC scheme is widely used for backup server. In this paper, we propose a new de-duplication mechanism for improving a storage system. We focus on efficient algorithm for supporting general purpose de-duplication server including backup server, P2P server, and FTP server. The key idea is to adapt stride scheme on traditional fixed block duplication checking mechanism. Experimental result shows that the proposed mechanism can minimize computation time for detecting duplicated region of blocks and efficiently manage storage systems.