• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 1998

An analytical model which can simulate the post-cracking behavior of reinforced concrete structures subjected to in-plane shear and normal stresses is presented. Based on the force equilibriums, compatibility conditions, and bond stress-slip relationship between steel and concrete, a criterion to simulate consider the tension-stiffening effect is proposed. The material behavior of concrete is described by an orthotropic constitutive model, and focused on the tension-compression region with tension-stiffening and compression softening effects defining equivalent uniaxial relations in the axes of orthotropy. Correlation studies between analytical results and available experimental data are conducted with the objective to establish the validity of the proposed model.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.191-202
• /
• 2020

The article brings the study of nonlocal, surface and the couple stress together to apparent the frequency retaliation of FG nanobeams (Functionally graded). For the examination of frequency retaliation, the article considers the accurate spot of neutral axis. This article aims to enhance the coherence of proposed model to accurately encapsulate the significant effects of the nonlocal stress field, size effects together with material length scale parameters. These considered parameters are assimilated through what are referred to as modified couple stress as well as nonlocal elasticity theories, which encompasses the stiffness-hardening and softening influence on the nanobeams frequency characteristics. Power-law distribution is followed by the functional gradation of the material across the beam width in the considered structure of the article. Following the well-known Hamilton's principle, fundamental basic equations alongside their correlated boundary conditions are solved analytically. Validation of the study is also done with published result. Distinct parameters (such as surface energy, slenderness ratio, as nonlocal material length scale and power-law exponent) influence is depicted graphically following the boundary conditions on non-dimensional FG nanobeams frequency.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국복합재료학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.69-72
• /
• 2002

The high temperature deformation behavior of SiCp/2124Al composite and 2124Al alloy was investigated by hot compression test in a temperature ranged $400~475^{\circ}C$ over a strain rate ranged $10^{-3}~1s^{-1}$. The billets of 2124Al alloy and SiCp/2124Al composite were fabricated by vacuum hot pressing process. The stress-strain curve during high temperature deformation exhibited a peak stress, and then the flow stress decreased gradually into a steady state stress with increasing the strain. It was found that the flow-softening behavior was attributed to the dynamic recovery, local dynamic recrystallization and dynamic precipitation during the deformation. The precipitation phases were identified as S' and S by TEM diffraction pattern. Base on the TEM inspection, the relationship between the Z-H parameter and subgrain size was found based on the experiment data. The dependence of flow stress on temperature and strain rate could be formulated well by a hyperbolic-sinusoidal relationship using the Zener-Hollomon parameter.

• KCI Concrete Journal
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2001

Based on the orthotropic hypoelasticity formulation, a constitutive material model of concrete taking account of triaxial stress state is presented. In this model, the ultimate strength surface of concrete in triaxial stress space is described by the Hsieh's four-parameter surface. On the other hand, the different ultimate strength surface of concrete in strain space is proposed in order to account for increasing ductility in high confinement pressure. Compressive ascending and descending behavior of concrete is considered. Concrete cracking behavior is considered as a smeared crack model, and after cracking, the tensile strain-softening behavior and the shear mechanism of cracked concrete are considered. The proposed constitutive model of concrete is compared with some results obtained from tests under the states of uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial stresses. In triaxial compressive tests, the peak compressive stress from the predicted results agrees well with the experimental results, and ductility response under high confining pressure matches well the experimental result. The reinforcing bars embedded in concrete are considered as an isoparametric line element which could be easily incorporated into the isoparametric solid element of concrete, and the average stress - average strain relationship of the bar embedded in concrete is considered. From numerical examples for a reinforced concrete simple beam and a structural beam type member, the stress state of concrete in the vicinity of talc critical region is investigated.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.86-94
• /
• 2009

암석파괴역학과 파괴인성(rock fracture toughness) 이하의 응력확대계수(stress intensity factor)에서 균열이 성장하는 현상을 이용하여 암석 절리면의 비선형 강도특성과, 시간의 경과에 따라 파괴가 진행되는 특성을 고려한 수치해석용 3차원 절리면 요소를 개발하였다. 이 절리면 요소를 사용하여 암석 절리면 전단시험을 수치해석으로 모사한 결과, 전단응력이 증가하고 시간이 경과함에 따라 절리면 사이에 연결된 절리면 내 접점(asperity in joint)에서 암석의 파괴인성보다 응력확대계수가 작음에도 불구하고 균열이 발생하였고 시간이 경과하면서 균열이 성장, 절리면 내 접점이 파괴되었다. 이와 같이 각각의 절리면 내 접점의 파괴에 따라 절리면의 강도는 감소하고, 절리면의 전단응력은 응력경화와 응력연화 후 잔류응력에 도달하는 비선형거동을 보이면서 시간의 경과에 따라 점진적으로 파괴되었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 1984

The influence of weld defect, residual stress and microstructure on the Low Cycle Fatigue(L. C. F.) behaviour of AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel weldment has been studied. The specimens were welded by shielded metal are welding process, post weld heat treated(PWHT) at 900.deg.C for 1.5hrs, and tested under total strain controlled condition at room temperature. The results of the experiment showed that weld defect affected the L.C.F. behaviour of weldment deleteriously compared to the residual stress or microstructure, and it reduced the L.C.F. life about 70-80%. The PWHT exhibited beneficial effect on the L.C.F. behaviour and increased the L.C.F. life about 120%. This enhancement by PWHT was attributed to the removal of residual stress and recovery of weld metal ductility. The cyclic stress flow of as welded specimens showed intermediate cyclic softening, whereas those of heat treated specimens showed continuous cyclic hardening, and this difference was explained in terms of the residual stress removal and dislocation behaviour. Scanning electron microscopy studies of fatigue fracture surface showed that weld defects of large size and near weld surface were detrimental to the L.C.F. behaviour of weldment.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2017

This study investigated deformation behavior of major nuclear structural materials under cyclic loading conditions via cyclic stress-strain test. The cyclic stress-strain tests were conducted on SA312 TP316 stainless steel and SA508 Gr.3 Cl.1 low-alloy steel, which are used as materials for primary piping and reactor pressure vessel nozzle respectively, under cyclic load with constant strain amplitude and constant load amplitude at room temperature (RT) and $316^{\circ}C$. From the results of tests, the cyclic hardening and softening behavior, stabilized cyclic stress-strain behavior, and ratcheting behavior of both materials were investigated at both RT and $316^{\circ}C$. In addition, appropriate considerations for cyclic deformation behavior in the structural integrity evaluation of major nuclear components under excessive seismic condition were discussed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.669-685
• /
• 2015

A three-dimensional elastoplastic constitutive model, also known as a UH model (Yao et al. 2009), was developed to describe the stress-strain relationship for normally consolidated and over-consolidated soils. In this paper, an acoustic tensor and discriminator of bifurcation for the UH model are derived for the strain localization of saturated clays under undrained and fully and partially drained conditions. Analytical analysis is performed to illustrate the points of bifurcation for the UH model with different three-dimensional stress paths. Numerical analyses of cubic specimens for the bifurcation of saturated clays under undrained and fully and partially drained conditions are conducted using ABAQUS with the UH model. Analytical and numerical analyses show the similar bifurcation behaviour of overconsolidated clays in three-dimensional stress states and various drainage conditions. The results of analytical and numerical analyses show that (1) the occurrence of bifurcation is dependent on the stress path and drainage condition; and (2) bifurcation can appear in either a strain-hardening or strain-softening regime.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.766-773
• /
• 2002

본 연구에서는 습도 변화와 같은 물리적인 원인으로 보수체의 손상(표면 균열, 경계면 파괴)을 유발하는 표면 인장 응력과 기층과 보수층 단부 경계변의 연직 인장 응력 및 전단 응력이 해석적으로 조사되었다. 응력 계산 시에는 사용 재료의 비선형응력-변형률 곡선이 사용되었고, 특히 변형률 경화, 변형률 연화 특성이 고려되었다. 응력 계산은 보수층의 두께와 보수 재료를 변수로 하였다. 습도 변화에 의한 영향은 보수체가 장기간 공용된 후 수위 하강으로 인해 나타나는 현상(콘크리트 댐)과 보수 후 일정한 양생 기간 후에 거푸집을 제거했을 때 나타나는 현상의 두 가지 경우에 대해서 조사되었다 건조되기 전 보수체 표변의 초기 습도는 100%, 대기 습도는 55%로 가정하였고, 계산기간(양생＋건조기간)은 30일간으로 하였다. 상기 두 가지 경우에 대해서 응력을 계산한 결과, 보수체 표면에서는 일부 보수체(CM20, ECM25)에서 단지 변형률 연화 단계의 가상 균열이 발생되었다. 한편 단부 경계면에서는 양생 중에 부착 강도를 약간 상회하는 일부 보수체(CM20)를 제외하고는 부착 전단 파괴는 발생치 않았다. 습도 변화에서도 단부 경계면의 들뜸현상(Peel-Off)이 보수체 손상의 주요원인으로 나타났고, 이를 유발하는 연직 인장 응력은 공용 중에 건조되는 경우에는 보수층 두께 dO=1cm에서만 부착 강도보다 낮은 값을 유지하고, 보수 작업시 양생 후 대기에 노출되는 경우에는 1.5일 이내에 발현된 부착 강도를 초과하였다.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2011

The influence of the cooling condition after solution treatment on the high temperature fatigue resistance of 23Cr-26Ni heat resistant steel was investigated. Two different cooling conditions were applied to the steel after solution treatment at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. One specimen was water quenched immediately after the solution treatment. The other one was furnace cooled at a rate of $0.5^{\circ}C/min$ down to $750^{\circ}C$ after the solution treatment. Then, both specimens were aged at $750^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. Under two different heat treatment conditions, the low cycle fatigue (LCF) test was performed at $600^{\circ}C$ and room temperature (RT). Only cyclic hardening continued from the beginning until fracture at all strain amplitudes during LCF at $600^{\circ}C$. This phenomenon was attributed to the increase in the dislocation density due to cyclic deformation, which resulted in the interaction between the newly created dislocations and precipitates. Cyclic hardening followed by saturation and cyclic softening was observed at RT. Cyclic softening was attributed to the dislocation annihilation rate exceeding the dislocation generation rate. Other probable factor for cyclic softening was some cavities formed around grain boundaries after 20 cycles. WQ and FC have a similar LCF behavior at RT and $600^{\circ}C$ as shown in the cyclic stress response curves.