• 한국자기학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2001

강자성 극박소재에 유기된 잔류응력을 검출하기 위하여 자기유도형 탐촉자(probe)를 설계·제작하였으며, 이를 장착한 잔류음력 평가시스템은 박판내에 유기된 잔류응력의 주응력 방향과 크기를 효과적으로 결정하여 준다. 이 시스템을 반도체 칩 팩키지(package)용으로 사용하는 Fe-42Ni계 lead frame 판재의 잔류응력 검출에 적용한 결과, 양호재 및 잔류응력과다 불량재에 대한 출력전압은 명확히 구별되었고, 잔류응력이 축적된 판재는 양호재와 비교하여 응력의 분포 및 크기에 있어 항상 차이를 나타내었다. 이러한 차이는 탐촉자에 투입하는 전류와 주파수의 함수로 잘 분해되어질 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

형상기억합금(SMA)의 구조는 부가된 온도 혹은 응력에 의해 마텐자이트로부터 오스테나이트로의 변화가 가능하다는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 형상기억합금섬유의 자체 형상회복력으로 인해 응력과 온도가 적용되는 동안에 응력이나 경화 모니터링 센서 또는 작동기로서 사용되었다. 초탄성 현상은 연속적인 기계적 하중 하에서나 온도변화 중에 응력-변형률 곡선에서 확인되었다. 반복하중 실험을 통해 응력-변형률 곡선에서 나타난 초탄성 현상 구간이 나타나는 응력 이력현상이 발생함을 확인하였다. 이것은 형상기억합금섬유 혹은 에폭시에 함침된 형상기억합금섬유 복합재료가 반복하중으로 계면물성 저하로 인한 형상기억 회복 성능의 저하를 의미한다. 강성도가 큰 에폭시 사용과 형상기억합금섬유의 표면처리 이후 형상기억합금섬유와 에폭시 사이의 계면결합력의 증대에도 불구하고 유사한 불완전한 초탄성을 보여 주었다. 단-형상기억합금섬유/에폭시 복합재료 내부에 남은 잔류 열과 이에 따른 잔류 응력으로 인해 에폭시에 함침된 단-형상기억합금섬유에서는 경화과정에서 불완전한 회복을 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권3_4호
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• pp.291-302
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• 2004

In this paper, load monitoring technologies using U-shape Magnetoelastic (EM or ME) sensors have been exploited systemically for the first time. The steel rod to be tested is the Japan 7 mm piano steel rod. The load dependence of the magnetic properties of the piano steel rod was manifested. Two experimental designs of U-shape magnetoelastic sensors were introduced, one with double pick-up concentric coils wound on the rod to be tested, the other with pick-up coil on one yoke foot. The former design is used to derive the correlation of the relative permeability with elastic tension, while the latter is aimed to reflect the stress induced magnetic flux variation along the magnetic circuit. Magnetostatic simulations provide interpretations for the yoke foot sensing technology. Tests with double pick-up coils indicate that under proper working points (primary voltages), the relative permeability varies linearly with the axial load for the Japan 7 mm piano steel rod. Tests with pick-up coil on the yoke foot show that the integrated sensing voltage changes quadratically with the load, and error is more acceptable when the working point is high enough.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.229.1-229.1
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• 2014

Tactile sensors have widely been researched in the areas of electronics, robotic system and medical tools for extending to the form of bio inspired devices that generate feeling of touch mimicking those of humans. Recent efforts in adapting the tactile sensor have included the use of novel materials with both scalability and high sensitivity [1]. Graphene, a 2-D allotrope of carbon, is a prospective candidate for sensor technology, having strong mechanical properties [2] and flexibility, including recovery from mechanical stress. In addition, its truly 2-D nature allows the formation of continuous films that are intrinsically useful for realizing sensing functions. However, very few investigations have been carrier out to investigate sensing characteristics as a device form with the graphene subjected to strain/stress and pressure effects. In this study, we present a sensor of vertical forces based on single-layer graphene, with a working range that corresponds to the pressure of a gentle touch that can be perceived by humans. In spite of the low gauge factor that arises from the intrinsic electromechanical character of single-layer graphene, we achieve a resistance variation of about 30% in response to an applied vertical pressure of 5 kPa by introducing a pressure-amplifying structure in the sensor. In addition, we demonstrate a method to enhance the sensitivity of the sensor by applying resistive single-layer graphene.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.281-294
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• 2015

Bolted joint connection is the most commonly used connection element in structures and devices. The loosening due to external dynamic loads cannot be observed and measured easily and may cause catastrophic loss especially in an extreme requirement and/or environment. In this paper, an innovative Real-time Cross-Correlation Method (RCCM) for monitoring of the bolted joint loosening was proposed. We apply time reversal process on stress wave propagation to obtain correlation signal. The correlation signal's peak amplitude represents the cross-correlation between the loosening state and the baseline working state; therefore, it can detect the state of loosening. Since the bolt states are uncorrelated with noise, the peak amplitude will not be affected by noise and disturbance while it increases SNR level and increases the measured signals' reliability. The correlation process is carried out online through physical wave propagation without any other post offline complicated analyses and calculations. We implemented the proposed RCCM on a single bolt/nut joint experimental device to quantitatively detect the loosening states successfully. After that we implemented the proposed method on a real large structure (reaction wall) with multiple bolted joint connections. Loosening indexes were built for both experiments to indicate the loosening states. Finally, we demonstrated the proposed method's great anti-noise and/or disturbance ability. In the instrumentation, we simply mounted Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT) patches on the device/structure surface without any modifications of the bolted connection. The low-cost PZTs used as actuators and sensors for active sensing are easily extended to a sensing network for large scale bolted joint network monitoring.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2017

The load-carrying capacity and structural behavior of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) structures is highly influenced by the grouting compactness in the steel tube. Due to the invisibility of the grout in the steel tube, monitoring of the grouting progress in such a structure is still a challenge. This paper develops an active sensing approach with combined piezoceramic-based smart aggregates (SA) and piezoceramic patches to monitor the grouting compactness of CFST bridge structure. A small-scale steel specimen was designed and fabricated to simulate CFST bridge structure in this research. Before casting, four SAs and two piezoceramic patches were installed in the pre-determined locations of the specimen. In the active sensing approach, selected SAs were utilized as actuators to generate designed stress waves, which were detected by other SAs or piezoceramic patch sensors. Since concrete functions as a wave conduit, the stress wave response can be only detected when the wave path between the actuator and the sensor is filled with concrete. For the sake of monitoring the grouting progress, the steel tube specimen was grouted in four stages, and each stage held three days for cement drying. Experimental results show that the received sensor signals in time domain clearly indicate the change of the signal amplitude before and after the wave path is filled with concrete. Further, a wavelet packet-based energy index matrix (WPEIM) was developed to compute signal energy of the received signals. The computed signal energies of the sensors shown in the WPEIM demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in the monitoring of the grouting progress.

• 폴리머
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2004

전기적-미세역학 시험법을 이용하여 탄소 나노튜브와 탄소 나노섬유로 강화된 에폭시 복합재료의 비파괴 손상 감지능에 대해 고찰하였다. 카본블랙은 탄소 나노튜브 및 탄소 나노섬유와 비교하기 위해 사용하였다. 두 기지 복합재료 시험에서 탄소 섬유의 파단은 전기저항 변화 측정과 함께 음향방출을 이용하여 동시에 감지하였고 탄소나노복합재료 내부에 함침된 탄소 섬유에 대한 응력 감지는 반복 하중 하에서 전기적-pullout 시험법을 이용하여 수행하였다. 같은 부피 함량에서 섬유파단, 기지재료 변형 및 응력에 대한 감지능은 탄소 나노튜브/에폭시 복합재료에서 가장 높았으며, 카본블랙의 경우가 가장 낮았다. 전기적물성 및 손상 감지능은 탄소나노복합재료의 형상학적인 관찰 결과와 상호 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 탄소 나노재료의 균일한 분산은 손상 감지능을 높이기 위한 가장 중요한 요인으로 고려되며, 탄소 나노복합재료에 대한 손상감지는 전기저항측정과 음향 방출을 이용하여 비파괴적으로 평가할 수 있었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.215-226
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 초고분말 플라이 애시가 다량 치환된 자기감지형 그라우트의 성능을 검토하기 위하여 실험적 연구를 진행하였다. 또한 기존의 대표적인 산업부산물인 고로슬래그 미분말과 플라이 애시를 동일한 양으로 치환하여 굳지 않은 그라우트의 유동특성, 경화 그라우트에서 압축강도, 길이변화율, 전기적 특성을 평가하였다. 실험결과 초고분말 플라이 애시 치환시 소성점도가 크게 낮아져 유동성이 향상되었으며, 압축강도도 플레인보다 초기재령에서부터 높게 나타났다. 또한 전기적 특성에서도 FCR-Stress, FCR-Strain의 관계가 유사하게 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 1999

Thirteen transcriptionally-fused carbon starvation mutants, derived from Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633, were analyzed for their survivability and transcriptional induction profiles upon carbon starvation. One of these mutants, MK114, which exhibited the lowest survivability and the highest induction rate, was selected and further examined under different starvation (nitrogen and phosphate) and stress (osmolarity, H2O2, salts, alcohol, and heat) conditions. Under all tested conditions MK114 induced ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity, implying that the interrupted gene (cst114) is a general starvation and stress response gene. The rate of induction ranged from 2.6-fold for phosphate starvation to 3.7-fold for osmotic shock. The mini-Tn5 flanking DNA was cloned from the chromosome of MK114. The cloned DNA fragment exhibited carbon starvation activity, indicating that this fragment contains a carbon starvation-related promoter region. This region was partially sequenced. Possible physiological roles of Cst114 in a carbon sensing mechanism and in other stress responses are also discussed.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2005

The chemical composition and uniaxial compressive stress are varied to observe their effect on the current-voltage characteristics of ZnO based ceramics. The variation of chemical composition produces two kinds of ceramics showing ohmic and nonohmic current-voltage characteristics. The current at a fixed voltage increased with the increase of the compressive stress for both ohmic and nonohmic ceramics. Ceramics showing nonohmic behavior exhibit better reversible return of current-voltage curve when the applied compressive stress is removed from the ceramics than those showing ohmic behavior do. We found an appropriate chemical composition showing linear relation between current and stress at a fixed voltage. The ceramic materials with an appropriate chemical composition can be used as a potential sensing material in pressure sensors.