• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.50-55
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• 2015

The noise of MRI shooting is 100dB loud and has an intensive psychological and physiological influences on the human body. ECG signals were measured by experimental methods, while wearing earplugs for 15 minutes in the stable state. Then the ECG signals were measured for 30 minutes while listening to about 100dB of sound in a MRI equipment. In this study, the heart rate variability of men and women was analyzed according to the MRI noise stress level through the frequency analysis. As the MRI noise level is about 100dB, HRV analysis resulted in an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic. During the period from the resting state up to 10 minutes, the maximum stress state was shown. This study will encourage MRI workers to take interests in hearing protection for the patient and to make objective indicators about MRI noises.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4051-4055
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• 2012

Functional foods include antioxidant nutrients which may protect against many human chronic diseases by combating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumors in rats as an in vivo experimental model. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats (4 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups containing 10 rats per group, and were treated with either AOM, PPE, or PPE plus AOM or injected with 0.9% physiological saline solution as a control. At 8 weeks of age, the rats in the AOM and PPE plus AOM groups were injected with 15 mg AOM/kg body weight, once a week for two weeks. After the last AOM injection, the rats were continuously fed ad-libitum their specific diets for another 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment (i.e. at the age of 4 months), all rats were killed and the colon tissues were examined microscopically for lesions suspected of being preneoplastic lesions or tumors as well as for biochemical measurement of oxidative stress indices. The results revealed a lower incidence of aberrant crypt foci in the PPE plus AOM administered group as compared to the AOM group. In addition, PPE blocked the AOM-induced impairment of biochemical indicators of oxidative stress in the examined colonic tissue homogenates. The results suggest that PPE can partially inhibit the development of colonic premalignant lesions in an AOM-induced colorectal carcinogenesis model, by abrogating oxidative stress and improving the redox status of colonic cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.116-121
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• 2004

It is known that the transportation stress of market pigs can affect their carcass quality and that blood concentrations of glucose, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are indicators of the transportation stress. Fifty-seven gilts and 57 barrows weighing approximately 110 kg were randomly assigned into six groups in a 3 [high (0.31 $m^2/100$ kg BW)-, medium (0.35 $m^2$)- and low (0.39 $m^2$)-stocking densities]${\times}2$[1 h vs. 3 h transportation time] arrangement of treatments. Blood samples were taken during transportation and after 2 h lairage. The percentage of "standing" animals during transportation was less in the low- than in the mediumor high-stocking density; the opposite was true for the "sitting" posture. Plasma concentrations of glucose, CK and LDH increased after loading and declined to the resting levels after lairage. Concentrations of CK and LDH were greater in the 3 h vs. 1 h transportation group. Moreover, the LDH concentration was less in the low- than in the medium- or high-density group. Also detected was a significant interaction between the stocking density and transportation time in all of these blood variables. The incidence of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) carcass was greatest in the high-stocking density group. Interestingly, the PSE incidence increased following the 3 h vs. 1 h transportation at the low-density, but not at the medium-density. Results suggest that the medium-density may be preferable to the lowdensity in the long-distance transportation.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.288-294
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• 2006

In this study, the effects of smoking cessation and relative antioxidant activities on the oxidative stress were determined by using in vitro method. Thirty healthy smokers who were free of any disease and smoked more than 1 pack per day for the past 10 years participated in this study. For smoking cessation, smokers were asked to wear nicotine patch (21mg nicotine/ patch) everyday for 30 days and then to replace at the same time of the day. Smoking cessation program in conjunction with nicotine patch replacement was also conducted every week, one hour/each session, for 4 weeks. Canthaxanthin, $\beta-carotene$, and $\alpha-tocopherol$ were added into red blood cells at pre and post smoking cessation. As indicators of oxidative stress, hemoglobin degradation, lipid peroxidation, and percent hemolysis were determined at both pre and post smoking cessation. After 30 days of smoking cessation, the subjects gained an average of 5 pounds, varying 2 to 8 pounds, by suggesting that behavioral problems rather than nicotine itself are more important for gaining weight in ex-smokers. The total hemoglobin concentrations in blood were similar in pre and post smoking cessation, but smoking cessation resulted in a decrease in the percentage of methemoglobin from 0.96% to 0.85% Smoking cessation also caused to decease malondialdehyde (MDA) values ($26.7{\pm}7.8$ vs. $23.6{\pm}4.5$ (without oxidation), $179.3{\pm}21$ vs. $161.2{\pm}28$ nmol/ml (with oxidation) (p<0.05)), not percent hemolysis. Various antioxidants with smoking cessation significantly decreased MDA values(p<0.05), in contrast to marginal decrease of MDA in smoking cessation only. Three antioxidants used in this stu study were similarly effective in inhibiting MDA production, but relative effectiveness of canthaxanthin or $\alpha-tocopherol$ was greater than that of $\beta-carotene$ (p<0.05), in case of oxidation induced. The percent hemolysis was greatly decreased when antioxidants were added into the blood of ex-smokers (p<0.05) but no statistical significance in relative effectiveness of antioxidants was observed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2019

Background: Frequent overdose of paracetamol (APAP) has become the major cause of acute liver injury. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of ginsenoside Rk1 on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms for the first time. Methods: Mice were treated with Rk1 (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) by oral gavage once per d for 7 d. On the 7th d, allmice treated with 250mg/kg APAP exhibited severeliverinjury after 24 h, and hepatotoxicitywas assessed. Results: Our results showed that pretreatment with Rk1 significantly decreased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ compared with the APAP group. Meanwhile, hepatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were elevated compared with the APAP group. In contrast, a significant decrease in levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde was observed in the ginsenoside Rk1-treated group compared with the APAP group. These effects were associated with a significant increase of cytochrome P450 E1 and 4-hydroxynonenal levels in liver tissues. Moreover, ginsenoside Rk1 supplementation suppressed activation of apoptotic pathways by increasing Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax protein expression levels, which was shown using western blotting analysis. Histopathological observation also revealed that ginsenoside Rk1 pretreatment significantly reversed APAP-induced necrosis and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues. Biological indicators of nitrative stress, such as 3-nitrotyrosine, were also inhibited after pretreatment with Rk1 compared with the APAP group. Conclusion: The results clearly suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms in the hepatoprotection of ginsenoside Rk1 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its antioxidation, antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antinitrative effects.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the response of the human body to stress induced by wall recording of subway stations in the city center. The experiment was conducted as a simulation exercise, and six images were selected and produced based on Subway Line 2, a representative underground space in Seoul. The study participants included 24 male and female college students. A three-minute experiment was conducted, during which the participants were shown the control image and green wall image once each. To measure psychological status, the following measurement indicators were used: Semantic Differential, Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Physiological changes were investigated by tracking participants' heart rate and blood pressure. Results showed that parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves were activated in the presence of the green wall in the subway station. The psychological evaluation analysis revealed that negative affect toward underground space decreased, while positive affect increased. This study found that the green wall in subway stations has a stable effect on the human body, both psychologically and physiologically. In the future, green walls in underground spaces can be used to reduce psychological stress and increase physiological relaxation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.139-150
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• 2002

OBJECTIVES : Schizandra chinensis is well known for its efficacy at liver function reinforcement, relieving thirst and recovery from fatigue. In this study, we examined the effects of sports drink containing Schizandra chinensis on serum metabolic substrate, electrolyte, stress indicators, related-enzyme and exercise performance, rectal temperature, and heat shock proteinb70 (HSP70). METHODS : Elite long-distance runners (male, 21.3yrs, n=16) were selected and divided into two groups; an experimental group (EXP, n=8) and a control group (CON, n=8). A beverage containing Schizandra chinensis was supplemented 3 times per day to EXP for 4 weeks. Serum biochemical elements (glucose, lactate, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, Na, K, Cl) were analyzed by auto blood analyzer. Exercise performance was measured by treadmill exercise test, HSP70 was detected by electrophoresis and Western blotting, and rectal temperature was measured by rectal temperature probe. RESULTS : Administration of the beverage increased significantly the rest level of blood Na, Cl and glucose and decreased significantly lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. No difference was found in exercise performance, rectal temperature increment or HSP70 concentration between groups. CONCLUSIONS : Administration of a sports drink containing Schizandra chinensis altered blood glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, Na and Cl levels.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2019

Stress is accompanied by changes in the responses of the autonomic nervous system, and the heart rate variability (HRV) index is a quantitative marker that reflects autonomic responses induced by stressors. In this study, we observed changes in the autonomic responses induced by combinations of 30% oxygen administration and color light for stress relaxation. In all, 42 participants produced stress symptoms over the preceding two weeks, as rated on the stress response scale. After stress assessment, they were exposed to three therapeutic conditions, and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were recorded before, during, and after therapy. The three therapy conditions consisted of only 30% oxygen administration with white light, a combination of 30% oxygen and orange light, and a combination of 30% oxygen and blue light. The HRV indices extracted from ECG signals were heart rate (HR), the standard deviation of the RR interval (SDNN), the mean square root of consecutive RR interval difference values (RMSSD), the low frequency component of HRV (LF), the high frequency component (HF), and the LF/HF ratio. These indicators were used to compare mean values before and after therapy. The results showed that HR and the LF/HF ratio were significantly lower after therapy than before it. In particular, the condition with 30% oxygen and blue light yielded significantly greater RMSSD and HF increases, as well as decreases in LF/HF ratio than in other two conditions. Our results suggest that therapy with 30% oxygen and blue light is the most effective for the relaxation of stress, which implies autonomic balance by parasympathetic activation.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review research papers on structural equation models for hospital nurses' turnover intentions, and to identify the factors that influence these intentions. Methods: Twenty-four research papers on structural equation models for hospital nurses' turnover intentions were identified for systematic review. Results: All 24 papers assessed nurses' turnover intentions in general hospitals and university hospitals. A total of 36 indicators and 105 items were used to measure turnover intention. Turnover intention was positively related with 10 variables, and negatively with 17 variables. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, job stress, burnout, organizational culture, and empowerment were found to have significant direct and indirect effects on nurses' turnover intentions. Structural equation models in 23 of the 24 research papers showed high compatibility with the data. The models accounted for 20.1% 68.0% of total variances. Conclusion: The study findings show recent trends in nurses' turnover intentions, and indicate directions for future research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 2005

To demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing FCAD chart proposed in our previous work, series of crack growth/arrest behavior in the integrally stiffened panels were simulated by numerical method using upper mentioned FCAD charts and a new crack growth rate equation. It is concluded that proposed family of FCAD curves, in the form of non-dimensional arrest load ranges, are reliable indicators of fatigue crack growth/arrest behavior of integrally stiffened panels considered here.