• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2009

Structural analysis of a brake shoe for commercial vehicle was performed using finite element method. Since the strength of a brake shoe is affected by the magnitude and distribution shape of the contact pressure with the drum, the contact pressure between the shoe friction material and drum was calculated using a 2-Dimensional non-linear contact analysis in a state. And the brake was actuated by input air pressure and the drum of it was calculated both stationary and dynamic based on forced torque applied to the drum during the static state analysis. The results of the above analysis were then used as the load boundary conditions for a 3-Dimensional shoe model analysis to determine the maximum strain on the shoes. In the analysis model, the values of tensile test were used for the material properties of the brake shoes and drum, while the values of compression test were used for the friction material. We assumed it as linear variation, even though the properties of friction material were actually non-linear. The experiments were carried out under the same analysis conditions used for fatigue test and under the same brake system which equipped with a brake drum based on the actual axle state in a vehicle. The strains were measured at the same locations where the analysis was performed on the shoes. The obtained results of the experiment matched well with those from the analysis. Consequently, the model used in this study was able to determine the stress at the maximum air pressure at the braking system, thereby a modified shoe model in facilitating was satisfied with the required endurance strength in the vehicle.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 풍력 블레이드와 같이 세장비가 크고 초기 비틀림이 존재하는 복합재료로 구성된 블레이드에 대한 이차원 단면의 차원축소와 복원관계를 이론적으로 기술하였다. 그리고 VABS 이용한 보의 차원축소모델에 대한 유효성을 검증하기 위해 선행연구 모델을 활용하여 기존 연구결과를 수치적으로 비교하였다. 실물과 가장 가까운 날개 구조물 2차원 형상에 단면해석을 적용하여 정밀한 단면의 이산화를 수행하고 VABS를 이용하여 블레이드의 특성(질량행렬, 강성행렬)을 포함한 1차원 보 모델링을 수행하였다. 1차원 보 모델을 통해 세장비가 큰 날개 구조물의 거동을 확인하고 내부하중을 계산하여 단면위치에서 변형률 복원을 수치적으로 계산하고 이산화된 단면에 수치적으로 매핑하여 시각적으로 확인하고 여유마진을 계산하였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 하수관거의 기초나 뒷채움재로 많이 사용되고 있는 기존의 모래를 대체할 재료로써 석분의 적용가능성을 평가하기 위하여 석분재료에 대한 기본적인 물리적, 역학적인 특성실험을 실시하였다. 석분의 입도분포는 모래보다 더 좋은 상태를 나타내며, 다짐실험 결과도 모래보다 강도특성이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실험결과로부터 하수관거의 기초 및 뒷채움재로써 석분은 현장적용성이 우수한 것으로 평가되며, 이를 뒷받침하기 위하여 직접전단시험, 삼축압축시험을 실시하여 강도특성을 분석한 결과 모래의 경우와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 석분의 경우 일축압축강도 특성은 시간이 지남에 따라 점차 증가하는 경향을 보이지만 6~7일 경과 후에는 거의 일정한 값을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 실험결과로부터 석분도 하수관거의 기초 및 뒷채움재로 충분히 활용할 수 있는 재료로 평가되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

This article introduces a novel analytical model for examining the impact of porosity on shear correction factors (SCFs) in functionally graded porous beams (FGPB). The study employs uneven and logarithmic-uneven modified porosity-dependent power-law functions, which are distributed throughout the thickness of the FGP beams. Additionally, a modified exponential-power law function is used to estimate the effective mechanical properties of functionally graded porous beams. The correction factor plays a crucial role in this analysis as it appears as a coefficient in the expression for the transverse shear stress resultant. It compensatesfor the assumption that the shear strain is uniform across the depth of the cross-section. By applying the energy equivalence principle, a general expression for static SCFs in FGPBs is derived. The resulting expression aligns with the findings obtained from Reissner's analysis, particularly when transitioning from the two-dimensional case (plate) to the one-dimensional case (beam). The article presents a convenient algebraic form of the solution and provides new case studies to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed formulation. Numerical results are also presented to illustrate the influence of porosity distribution on SCFs for different types of FGPBs. Furthermore, the article validates the numerical consistency of the mechanical property changesin FG beams without porosity and the SCF by comparing them with available results.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2006

Single phase unidirectional transducer (SPUDT), 리플렉터, 웨이퍼 본딩 패키지로 구성된 표면탄성파 (surface acoustic wave, SAW) 기반 압력센서가 개발되어 졌다. Coupling of Mode (COM) 모델링에 의한 소자의 시뮬레이션 및 최적 설계 변수가 얻어졌다. Finite Element Methods (FEM)를 통해 주어진 압력에 따른 다이어프램 벤딩, 스트레인/스트레스 변화 및 SAW 속도변위가 미리 예측되어졌다. 유출된 최적 설계 변수를 이용 440 MHz SAW 기반 압력센서가 41o YX LiNbO3 기판 위에서 제작되어졌다. 고 S/N 비, 임펄스 리프렉션 피크, 작은 에러 피크가 관찰되어졌다. 측정된 S11 결과는 COM 모델링 및 FEM 시뮬레이션 결과와 일치함을 보였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.139-154
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• 2016

This paper is concerned with the dynamics of hyperelastic solids and structures. We seek for a smart control actuation that produces a desired (prescribed) displacement field in the presence of transient imposed forces. In the literature, this problem is denoted as displacement tracking, or also as shape morphing problem. One talks about shape control, when the displacements to be tracked do vanish. In the present paper, it is assumed that the control actuation is provided by imposed eigenstrains, e.g., by the electric field in piezoelectric actuators, or by thermal actuators, or via analogous physical effects, such as magneto-striction or pre-stress. Structures with a controlled eigenstrain-type actuation belong to the class of smart structures. The action of the eigenstrains can be conveniently characterized by actuation stresses. Our theoretical derivations are performed in the framework of the theory of small incremental dynamic deformations superimposed upon a statically pre-deformed configuration of a hyperelastic solid or structure. We particularly ask for a distribution of incremental actuation stresses, such that the incremental displacements follow exactly a prescribed trajectory field, despite the imposed incremental forces are present. An exact solution of this problem is presented under the assumption that the actuation stresses can be tailored freely and applied everywhere within the body. Extending a Neumann-type solution strategy, it is shown that the actuation stresses due to the distributed control eigenstrains must satisfy certain quasi-static equilibrium conditions, where auxiliary body-forces and auxiliary surface tractions are to be taken into account. The latter auxiliary loading can be directly computed from the imposed forces and from the desired displacement field to be tracked. Hence, despite the problem is a dynamic one, a straightforward computation of proper actuator distributions can be obtained in the framework of quasi-static equilibrium conditions. Necessary conditions for the functioning of this concept are presented. Particularly, it must be required that the intermediate configuration is infinitesimally superstable. Previous results of our group for the case of shape control and displacement tracking in linear elastic structures are included as special cases. The high potential of the solution is demonstrated via Finite Element computations for an irregularly shaped four-corner plate in a state of plain strain.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2019

Recently, due to labor shortages in rural areas within South Korea, the demand for upland-field machinery is growing. In addition, there is a lack of development of systematic performance testing of upland-field machinery. Thus, this study examined structural safety and drawbar pull based on soil properties, as a first step for systematic performance testing on the test bed. First, the properties of soil samples from 10 spots within the experimental site were examined. Second, the strain was measured and converted into stress on 8 points of an onion harvester that are likely to fail. More specifically, the chosen parts are linked to the power, along with the drawbar pull, using a 6-component load cell equipped between the tractor and the onion harvester. The water content of the soil ranged between 5.7%-7.5%, and the strength between 250-1171 kPa. The test soil was subsequently classified into loam soil based on the size distribution ratio of the sieved soil. The onion harvester can be considered as structurally safe based on the derived safety factor and the drawbar pull of 115-1194 kgf, according to the working speed based on agricultural fieldwork.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2020

타입 1 콜라겐 단백질은 인체 내에서 가장 많이 존재하는 단백질이다. 이 단백질은 점탄성 거동을 보이며 이는 힘줄에서도 찾아볼 수 있다. 분자동역학 시뮬레이션 방법에는 rescaling 방법과 reassignment 방법으로 온도를 조절할 수 있다. rescaling 방법은 온도를 주어진 온도로 책정하는 방법이고, reassignment 방법은 원하는 온도로 맥스웰 분포를 이용하여서 온도를 책정하는 방법이다. 우리는 reassignment 방법에서 콜라겐 단백질의 거동이 시간에 따라서 변화하는 현상을 찾아내었다. 반면에 rescaling 방법에서는 시간에 무관하게 거동하였다. 콜라겐에 다른 속도로 인장을 가하였을 경우, 예를 들어 0.5, 1, 2, 5 Å/ps의 속도로 40 Å까지 힘을 가했을 경우, rescaling 방법에서는 속도에 따른 변화가 거의 없었던 반면, reassignment 방법의 경우 대략 80nm, 100nm, 130nm, 180nm까지 인장이 되었음을 보여준다. 이 현상에 대한 물리학적 의미를 명확하게 규명하지는 못하였지만, 단백질에 관한 시뮬레이션을 실행하는데 있어서 주의를 기울여 수행하여야 한다는 점에서 이 논문의 가치가 있다고 생각한다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.475-481
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 1차전단변형이론의 횡방향 전단응력과 전단변형률을 개선한 간단한 수정방법을 제시하였다. 고차전단변형이론, 층별이론과 같은 기존의 많은 제정된 방법들과 비교해서 본 방법은 매우 간단하게 $C^0$ 연속성만이 요구되는 유한요소에 적용할 수 있으며, 그 방정식 구성도 매우 간단하다. 본 방법의 기본 개념은 고차전단변형이론에 의한 수식으로 부터 두께방향에 따른 횡방향 전단응력과 전단변형률의 분포를 수정하는 것이다. 그러므로 1차전단변형이론처럼 전단보정계수는 더 이상 요구되지 않는다. 제안한 수식의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 본 수정방법에 의한 해는 고차전단변형이론을 고려한 결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.199-220
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• 2023

This article presents a new analytical model to study the effect of porosity on the shear correction factors (SCFs) of functionally graded porous beams (FGPB). For this analysis, uneven and logarithmic-uneven porosity functions are adopted to be distributed through the thickness of the FGP beams. Critical to the application of this theory is a determination of the correction factor, which appears as a coefficient in the expression for the transverse shear stress resultant; to compensate for the assumption that the shear strain is uniform through the depth of the cross-section. Using the energy equivalence principle, a general expression is derived from the static SCFs in FGPB. The resulting expression is consistent with the variationally derived results of Reissner's analysis when the latter are reduced from the two-dimensional case (plate) to the one-dimensional one (beam). A convenient algebraic form of the solution is presented and new study cases are given to illustrate the applicability of the present formulation. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effect of the porosity distribution on the (SCFs) for various FGPBs. Further, the law of changing the mechanical properties of FG beams without porosity and the SCFare numerically validated by comparison with some available results.