• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.854-858
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• 2010

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays an important role in the information of dental plaque and it is being noticed as major causative bacteria of dental caries. In the present study, inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract of Dianthus superbus Linne (D. superbus) on the growth, acid production, adhesion and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of S. mutans were examined. The ethanol extract of D. superbus (0.5 - 4 mg/ml) significantly lowered the growth of S. mutans in a dose dependent manner. The acid production of S. mutans were inhibited by the presence of ethanol extract of D. superbus(1 - 4 mg/ml) significantly. The ethanol extract of D. superbus (0.25 - 4 mg/ml) also significantly lowered the adherence of S. mutans in a dose dependent manner. In water-insoluble glucan synthesis assay, 0.25 - 4 mg/ml of the ethanol extract of D. superbus significantly inhibited the formation of water-insoluble glucan. These results suggest that D. superbus may inhibit the caries-inducing properties of S. mutans. Further studies are necessary to clarify the active constituents of D. superbus responsible for such biomolecular activities.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.343-352
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• 1998

This experiment was performed to investigate effects of zinc containing solution on the major normal flora Staphylococccus aureus, Streptococus mutans and Candida albicans and to observe the variation according to anionic change and concentration difference. Zinc chloride, zinc iodide and zinc acetate solution were added to werially diluted broth culture so that each final concentration might be 0.25%, 0.5%. 1%. After that, 100ul of each aliquot was spreaded on each selective media plate( Mannitol Salts Agar plate for Staphylococcus aureus, Mitis Salivarius Agar plate for Streptococcus mutans and Sabouraud Destrose Agar plate for Candida albicans). The % killing was calculated bu CFU count after incubation under the appropriate condition. 1. zinc iodide, zinc chloride, and zinc acetate solutions showed inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. 2. The inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus were ranked in order of ainc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc actate. 3. The inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans were ranked in orfer of zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate. 4. the inhibitory effects on Candida albicans showed no difference among zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate. 5. The inhibitory effects of zinc chloride and zinc acetate on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutnas showed increasing pattern as the concentration increase. But the inhibitory effects of zinc iodide on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans showed no apparent difference according to concentrations and it was the case with the inhibitory effects of zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate on Candida albicans.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.187-191
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• 1993

In order to find out an anticariogenic substance, antibacterial activities of some medical herbs and spices against Streptococcus mutans were investigated. The essential oils of oregano, thyme, sage, fennel, nutmeg, rosemary, calamus and cassia cortex were shown antibacterial effect against S. mutans. The essential oil of oregano among other tested medical herbs and spices showed the most active antimicrobial activity. The essential oil of oregano inhibited the activity of glucosyltransferase from S. mutans. The minimal inhibition concentration of oregano essential oil was determined as 0.05nl/ml. The activity of glucosyltransferase from S. mutans was inhibited in the presence of oregano essential oil.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2010

Streptococcus mutans는 구강 내에 상존하는 치아우식증의 주요 원인균으로서 치면의 피막에 부착 후 glucan을 형성하여 세균의 군락을 이루며, 외부로부터 공급된 자당대사를 통하여 유기산을 생성함으로써 법랑질을 탈회시킨다. 치아우식 활성도의 평가를 위한 단클론항체를 이용한 방법은 진료실에서 빠른 시간 내에 간편하게 타액에 존재하는 Streptococcus mutans의 정량분석이 가능한 방법이다. 이 연구는 3세에서 6세 사이의 어린이 15명을 대상으로 자극성 타액을 채취하여 시판 중인 단클론항체를 이용한 Salivacheck$^{TM}$ Mutans, strip을 이용한 Dentocult$^{(R)}$-SM 그리고 MSB배지 배양법으로서 타액 내 Streptococcus mutans를 측정한 후 그 값을 우식경험치아수와 비교하여 상관관계를 알아보았다. Saliva-check$^{TM}$ Mutans를 이용한 방법은 Dentocult$^{(R)}$-SM과 MSB배지법과 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나(p<0.05), MSB배지법은 어린이의 우식경험치아수와 통계학적으로 유의한 결과를 나타내지 않았다(p=0.34).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.116-126
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• 1998

Numerous chemical agents have been developed to reduce the activity of cariogenic bacteria. Of these, chlorhexidine is acknowledged as the most effective. Gel and mouthrinse have been the traditional method of its application in the mouth. It has been reported that chlorhexidine varnish has prolonged inhibitory effect on the number of streptococcus mutans in saliva and plaque. Recently, chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant have been developed to promote prolonged anticariogenic effect of chlorhexidine. Products containing 10% chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant have been developed to prevent caries by reducing the number of streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant on streptococcus mutans in the primary dentition. Children with primary dentition containing no active carious lesion were divided into two groups. To the experimental group (n=11), chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant ($Chlorzoin^{(R)}$, Knowell Therapeutic Technologies, Inc. Canada.) was applied once a week for four weeks according to the manufacturer's instruction. Only oral prophylaxis was performed on the control group(n=7). Caries activity was measured after using $Cariescreen^{(R)}$SM (Knowell Therapeutic Technologies, Inc. Canada,) to incubate streptococcus mutans before and 5, 12, 24 weeks after initial varnish application. The following results were observed.; 1. There was statistically significant decrease in the number of streptococcus mutans in the experimental group for 5 weeks(P<0.01), 12 weeks(P<0.05) after the initial application. but, by 24 weeks significant difference had disappeared. 2. As the inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant application is not everlasting, reapplication at 12-24 weeks should be needed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1997

In order to investigate the antibacterial effects of pulsed Nd:YAG Laser concerning to Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mutans was cultured and standardized and plated in 96 well plates. After that, black dye and chlorhexidine were applied and pulsed Nd:YAG Laser was irradiated to plates. Experimental groups which was applied with black dye and chlorhexidine were divided into 5 groups by concentration. And experimental groups and control group were subdivided as unlased and lased of 20, 40, and 60J. After laser irradiation, All groups were plated in agar plates and incubated for 18 hours. Bacterial colonies were counted and analysed comparitively, and the temperature of culture medium was measured on every laser irradiation. The results were obtained as follows; 1. In case of laser irradiation only, there is no significant reduction in number of Streptococcus mutans by irradiated energy of laser. 2. In case of black dye application, there is no difference by concentration of black dye but there is decrease when applied Laser and black dye simultaneously. 3. When applied chlorhexidine, the number of Streptococcus mutans was decreased according to increase of concentration, but there is no difference by irradiated energy of laser. 4. The temperature of culture medium was increased according to increase of irradiated energy of Laser, and the number of Streptococcus mutans was reduced remarkably just above 50 centigrade and killed above 70 centigrade. As above results, pulsed Nd:YAG Laser has well-absorbing affinity to black dye. And antibacterial effect of pulsed Nd:YAG Laser against Streptococcus mutans is seemed to be due to increase of temperature.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.123-131
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• 1996

Bacteremia occurs in a wide variety of clinical procedures in oral cavity. Reduction of the number of causative microorganisms of infective endocarditis in oral cavity by local administration of antimicrobial agents decreases the magnitude of bacteremia and possibility of infective endocarditis. The effects of chlorhexidine on Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermis were investigated by measurement of turbidity. The effects of 0.1% chlorhexidine gargling for 7 days on oral bacterial flora, total streptococci, S. mutans, S. aureus, and S. epidermis in whole saliv a of 7 healthy human subjects, were investigated by measurement of Colony Forming Units (CFU). The obtained results were as follows : 1. Chlorhexidine showed significant antimicrobial effects on Streptococcus snaguis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermis. However, the effects on S. sanguis and S. gordonii were not apparent compared with other microorganisms. 2. Oral gargling of 0.1% chlorhexidine decreased the CFU values of normal oral bacterial flora, total streptococci, S. mutans, S. aureus, and S. epidermis in whole saliva. The antimicrobial effects were significant after 4 days of chlorhexidine gargling. 3. Local antimicrobial administration in addition to systemic antibiotic prophylaxis can be highly recommended as an effective adjunct regimen for prevention of infective endocarditis.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2015

Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans encounters a variety of host defense factors produced in oral cavity. Nitric oxide (NO) and NO-mediated reactive nitrogen species are potential antimicrobials of innate immunity that can threaten the fitness of S. mutans in their ecological niches. Streptococcal strategies to detoxify cytotoxic NO, which allow S. mutans to persist in caries or other environments of the oral cavity, remain unknown. In this study, we directly measured NO consumption rates of S. mutans isolated in Korea. Surprisingly, all S. mutans strains were unable to consume exogenous NO efficiently, while an intracellular parasite Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing the NO-metabolizing enzyme flavohemoglobin consumed most of the NO. This result suggested that S. mutans has alternative detoxification systems for tolerating NO-induced nitrosative stresses.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2011

최근 우리와 다른 민족 또는 다른 문화적 배경을 가진 사람들이 포함된 다문화가정이 증가하였고 그들에 대한 사회적 관심이 증가하고 있으나, 우리는 아직 이들의 구강상태에 대한 기초적인 자료도 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 부모가 모두 한국인인 가정과 다문화 가정에서, 어머니와 어린이의 구강 상태를 검사하고, polymerase chain reaction(PCR)을 이용하여 치아우식증의 주요 원인균인 Streptococcus mutans의 serotype 분포와 전이에 대한 실험을 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 한국인 가정에서는, serotype c는 95%, serotype e, f, k는 10%의 비율로 나타났으며, 다문화가정을 대상으로 하였을 때에는 serotype c는 68.8%, serotype e는 31.25%, serotype f는 43.75%, serotype k는 18.8%의 비율로 나타났다. 2) 어머니와 어린이 둘 다 serotype이 확인된 경우, 92.86%에서 어머니와 어린이가 하나 이상의 같은 serotype을 포함하는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 한 가지 serotype만 나타난 경우보다 두 종류 이상의 serotype이 확인된 경우에서 평균 S. mutans level이 높게 나왔으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 4) 우식 위험이 높다고 볼 수 있는 S. mutans level 2를 기준으로 비교하였을 때, 각 그룹 간에 우식 위험도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 5) 그룹에 따른 serotype의 수, 우식 이환율, S. mutans level 간에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다(p>0.05).

• 약학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 1991

For the purpose of developing of anticariogenic agents, P-phenylphenol derivatives were synthesized and determined their antibacterial activities against a cariogenic bacterium, Streptococcus mutans. Among synthetic compounds, 2-nitro-6-bromo-p-phenylphenol showed as potent antibacterial activity as magnolol and honokiol.